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156 views10 pagesPair of Straight Lines
Uploaded by
Jainil BavishiCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
/ 10
\,
QUATION OF PAIR OF STRAIGHT
INES
‘equations of two lines are Ly= ax + by + c, = 0 and
|= a3x + bay + ¢y~0, then their joint equation is expressed as
jyxt by) +6) (ast * byy + cy) = 0. This is the equation of pair of
‘aight lines having component straight lines L, and Ly.
For example, the joint equation of lines 2x + y + 3 = 0 and
yt 4=O1s (2x + y+ 3)O—y¥ +4) =Oorde —ay — 9? + He
vel
Conversely, if combined equation of two straight lines or
juation of pair of straight lines is 6x° + Sxy ~ 4y? = 0, then this
uation can be reduced to (2x ~ ») (3x + 49) = 0. So, component
aes are 2x —y = Oand 3x-+ 4y=0.
Note:
In order to find the combined equation of two lines, make the
RHS of each equation of straight line equal to zero and then
‘multiply the two equations.
Find the equations of two straight lines whose combined
equation is 6x + Sxy~ 4y? + 7x + By 3 =0.
SGI) The given equation of pair of straight lines is
6224+ Sxy— 4y? + 7x + 13y-3=0
6x + (Sy + Dy ~ By +3)=0
olving it as a quadratic in-x, we get
Sy +7) £ySy + TF 4244
2
_ -(Sy +7) + i21y? =242y +121
2
_ -(5y +7) -1)
2
8 -16y +4 y+
as
he two straight lines are 2x - y+ 3=0 and 3x + 4y ~
Find the distance between the pair of parallel lines
Dtdey +4? + 3x + 6-4 =0.
SGI Given lines are
(e+ 2p? +r + 2y)-4 0.
ya BtNOFIS _-335
eer er z
‘Therefore, the lines are
=-41
reed date Hb
78
GENERAL EQUATION OF THE SECOND DEGREE IN
Two VARIABLES
‘The most general form of a quadratic equation in variables x and
vis
ac + ay + by? +2gr + 2fr+e=0 o
Since its an equation in variables x and y, it must represent the
equation ofa locus in a plane. It may represent a pair of straight
lines, circle, parabola, ellipse or hyperbola, Ifit represents pair of
straight lines, then expression on L.H.S. must get factorized into
‘two linear expressions. Let us find the condition for this.
If. #0, we can write equation (1) as quadratic in x.
+ 2x (hy + g) + (by + fy tc)=0
Solving for x, we get
-2(hy +g) + aly +2)” -4a(bv? +247 +c)
2a
_ ln +8) y i? -ab)y? +2 (gh -af)y +(g* -ac)
a
We must have x as linear expression in y. For that, the
expression under the square root must be a perfect square of
some linear expression in y. Thus, the discriminant of expression
( — ab)y? + 2(gh ~ afy + (g* ~ ac) must be zero.
So, Algh—afy— Uh? ~ ab) (g* ac) =0
=> abe + 2fgh—af*- bg ch’ =0 @
‘This is condition for which equation (1) represents the pair of
straight lines.
Equation (2) can be putin the form of determinant as follows:
la fh gl
hb fl=0
le sf Coordinate Geometry a
Point of intersection of Pair of Straight Lines :
‘The elementary method of finding the point of intersection of
Pair of straight lines is getting the component straight lines and
‘solving them.
We can Iso use the direct formula for the point of intersection
which is aE)
soe ts the help
‘The point of intersection can also be determined with
of partial differentiation as follows:
Differentiating (1) w.r. x, keeping y constant, we get ‘i
2ax + 2hy+2¢=0 a)
Now, differentiating (1) wart. y, keeping x constant, we get
he + by + 24=0 o
Now, solving equations (3) and (4), we get the point of
It should be noted that equations (3) and (4) are not equations
of component straight lines.
Find the value of 2 if 2x7 + try + 3)
+8r+ ly +i=0
Fepresents a pair of straight lines.
(SED The squation a+ 2h + bys 2¢r +29) -¢~Orpresens
4 pair of lines if abe + 2feh—af?— by? bo
So, for given equation,
64+ 2(7) (4(3) - 207) - 3ay'-2 (3) =o
oa 195 98 4s Ag
oe 6 19614650
or A_isg
= 200
or a= 35
Sertin < + 27 ~ 2x - dy + 5 = 0 etatieae
condition abe + 2¢h- af ~ bg — ck? = 0? Docs it represents
Pair of straight lines?
= Given equation is? +2y* 243s —4y +5 ~9,
Here, a= 1.b=2h=0,g=-V3 fa 25
But abe + 2gh ~ af? - by? ch? = 10+0-4 6-9,
The given equation can be written as
(BP +20-1F <0
Hence, it denotes only a point (V3, 1) but not a pair of straight
lines.
the pair of lines ax’ + 2hxy + by? + 2gx + yy +c=
‘on the maxis, then prove that 2jgh = by? + eh?
SBD Lette tine intersect on y-axis at P(O, 1)
Pasig this Pot inthe equation of pai of tah lines, we gt
by? + re=0
O intersect
From (1, puting the value of ® mm (2), we pet
2fgh = by? + oh?
coordinates of points where pair cf tna, |
irl er ete kiet
SAID Let the given pair of straight lines terse ia,
ay,
Putting this point in the given equation, we get
2-67 +y-2+My-12=0
= PoBvt2=0
= 0 -ny-2)-0
= yehy=2
Thus, required points of intersection are (1,1) and), >,
Ifthe equation ax” + 2kay + by? + 2ex + 2f0 + ¢~ oy,
the pair of parallel straight lines, then prove thats
abe+2fgh— af! —bg?—ch!=0,
[BAI Let the given equation represent pai of pass
lines d+ my +=0 and be + my +n
ax + Day + by? + 2ge + Ip
= (de + my + my be + my +n’)
= lee my? £101 n+ min en’)
‘= @.are such that each pair bisects the angle between 2°
pair, then prove that poy = — Combined equation ofthe bisectors ofthe angles between
pair of lines x7 ~2pry—y" = Os
‘gg px + ey-py =O
» This must be same as the given equation of pair of bisectors
“ies? days" =0.
‘Comparing ratios of coefficients, we get
HOMOGENIZATION OF SECOND
DEGREE EQUATION
‘Consider general second degree equation
Sm ax’ + Dary + by’ + gx + Byrto=O a
‘This equation represents pair of straight lines, circle, parabola,
ellipse or hyperbola.
Cleary, this is not homogenous equation.
~ Now, let the line Lo [x-+ my +n=0 intersect the curve (1)
in two points A and B.
‘The combined equation of pair of straight lines OA and OB
‘must be homogenous and must contain only second-degree terms.
From the equation of tine, we have
keem
= ss +2)
Now, equation of curve is
(ae + Dhey + by?) + gr + 2H) 140° P=0
Putting the value of “1° from (2) in above equation, we have
ae? + 2hey + by?
This is homogenous equation of second degree.
Since points A and B satisfy above equation, it represents
the pair of straight lines OA and OB. This process of making a
second-degree equation homogencous is called homogenization
through which we get equation of par of straight Lines joining the
‘Points of intersection of the given line and curve with the origin.
pac of Straight Lines 3.5
i of
Prove that the straight lines joining the origin to the points
intersection of the straight line Ax +e he eee curve
(eb? + (y= HP € are at right angle if +Rae.
[aL From the equation of line, we have
ac + by a
hk
Equation of the curve is
2 ty? 2kx hy + +P =0
Making above equation homogeneous with the help of (1), we Bet
cap nde rin (ASP) ;
24 pe) (eth } =
+P +R-e) ( a °
“This is combined equation of the pair of lines joining the origin
to the points of intersection of the given line and the curve, The
component lines are perpendicular if sum of coefficient of x? and
coefficient of »? is zero.
a RYU +R =e)
= RRA
Find the angle between the lines joining the origin to the
points of intersection of the straight line y = 3x + 2 with the
curve x? + Jay + 3)? + x + By 11 = 0.
(SOB) The equation of straight
I=
(as + 20)
Making given equation of curve homogeneous, we get
Pe ayes tes tof 52) (2
or = Txt 2ry-y=0 wD
This is the equation of the pair of lines joining origin to the point
of intersection of the given line and curve.
‘Comparing this equation with the equation ax” + 2hxy + by” = 0,
we get
— a= 7,b=-Landh=-1
If @ is the acute angle between componeot lines of (1), then
VET a8 2
TA 6 3
[etoia totus etal erased est tela Be
1. If the slope of one line is double the slope of another
line and the combined equation of the pair of lines is
(#/a) + Qxyih) + (7b) = 0, then find the ratio ab : A,
2, Find the angle between the lines °
+ 2xy sec 6+ y'=0. Pere ;* 11048 the angle betwen he ines given by te equation
' Gu! + Scy—40"+ Te Hy - 30, then find te eaation
Of the line passing through the point of mienson of
} these limes and making an angle @ with the postive
sais
5. Show thatthe equation of
the pair of lines bisecting the
angles between
the pair of bisectors of the angles between
| the Pair of lines ax? hey + by? = is (a - BY (ey)
| take =o.
| 6& Find the ‘equation of the bisectors of the angles
| between the lines Joining the origin to the point of
Amtersection of the straight line x — y= 2 with the curve
| Se + Nay 8)" + 8 —4y+ 12=0,
77. Show that the pairs of straght lines 2+ Ont?
and
40+ Ty + )?= 0 have the same set of angular bisector. |
ANSWERS.
ne 3 m2
6 + 3Oy-y=0
19:8
4 Ilr-2y+ 130
He
Solved Examples
Be + ABI + (342)? =0
form withthe line 4x + By + C= 0 an equilateral triangle of
ma Sy
aur +8)
(Sol. ‘Let the line through ongin making an angle of 60° with
the line Ax + By + C=O be y= mx.
or
3B Amy = (mB + Ay
Putting m= x in abou, we get
(a 3B + BABy + 0
This is pair of straight lines through origin in which each
‘component ine makes 60° with line Ax + By + C= 0.
Also. length of perpendicular from ongin to line Ax + By + C=0is
Ic
+B
” _ C1
‘Length of side of tangle Varo)
B{_c |
Arca of triangle =
4( Borsa) Borsa)
| = that the product of the perpendicular, =
| tothe pair of fines ax’ + 2hey + by? = is
| aa? + 2hap +
k by ane
[SBD Lette ines be y= myx and y= ma
macy = Oand mr -» = 0
or
2h a
where m, +m =. mim =
‘Now, ifthe lengths of perpendicular from (0,0) yn, these
4 anu d, respectively, then
m= mB
Im? +1 Ing
dy
__ oa? + 2a +p |
a-b)? +44? ;
BEG
The distance of a point (x1,y,) from each of the two srw
lines which passthrough the origin of coordinates i Fin! Se
‘combined equation ofthese straight lines
ABD Let the line through the origin be y = mx ors me |
Distance of line mx» = 0 from (,.) is
ma
+= P (piven)
Meme Pe
2meyy =p + pint
6} - Pym — dnty, + y3—p <0
Equation (1) has two roots: m, and m
Now, the pair of lines is
(-mky- mayo
m+ my + mye! <0 6
Now, from (1),
or
or a
i i Po
(yp)
ating these values in (2), we get
¥~ Beyer Phy 102 Pye? -,
A point moves so that the distance between the foot of
perpendiculars from it on the lines ax” + 2h xy + by? = Osa
constant 2d. Show that the equation to its locus is
(+9) (Pa) = d*4(a—~ by + aie}
From point P(, B),
perpendiculars are dropped on the
given pair of lines.
‘Accordingto the question, AB= 2d.
Clearly, OAPB is a cyclic
quadrilateral and OP will be the
diameter of the circumcircle of
this quadrilateral.
OP= ya? +B"
Let Q be the center ofthe circle.
‘Therefore, in AORB,
BR 20,
sino= 7S -
08” ear ®
Also, angle between the lines is
2h? -ab
= ae8 ®
tan 6:
wt
pe
ye
Pair of Straight Lines 3.7
‘Therefore, from (1) and (2), we get
2NKP ab _ 2d
a+b Jotap ad?
‘Therefore, the locus of P(a, 6) is
(2 +y)) (P - ab) =a {(a- bP +47}
‘Show that all chords of the curve 3x7 + 4y=0, which
ssubtend a right angle at the origin, pass through a fixed point.
Find the coordinates of the point.
[Sal The given curve is
3e-y-2e+4y=0 0)
Lety = mx + c be the chord of curve (1) which subtends an angle
of 90° at the origin, Then the combined equations of lines joining.
the points of intersection of curve (1) and chord y = mx + ¢ to
the origin can be obtained by making the equation of curve
homogeneous with the help of the equation of chord as
32-99-22) +422) =0
or Set oy Day + 2m +47 — Amy =0
or Gc+2m)x?=21+2m) 274 4-09? =0
‘As the lines represented by this pair are perpendicular to each,
other, we must have
Coefficient of + Coefficient of y* = 0
Hence, 3¢+2m+4-c=0
or l-mte
‘Comparing this result with y= mx + ¢, we can see that y= mx + ¢
passes though (1, -2). Le |
‘+ Tis anale between the pair of lines whose equation is
* 1Oty + my? + Se + 10y=0is
(1) tan (38)
(2) tan "(ay
(3) tan’ (2V25 denim + 4)}, me R
(4) none of these
2 ‘The two lines represented by 3ax? + Sxy + (a? 2)? =0
are perpendicular to each other for
(1D two values of a Qa
@) for one valueofa (4) for no value of a
3 Tie distance between the two lines represented by the
‘equation 9x° ~ 24ey+ 163 - 128+ 16y 12 = Dis
a) 8s
Q) 6s
QB) us (4) none of these
‘4 The equations x—y=4 and 2+ 4ry+ y= O represent he
sides of
(1) an equilateral triangle (2) a rightangled tiangle
G) anisosceles tangle (4) none ofthese
7 ‘The straight lines represented by (y mx)? = a1 + m*) and
(me? =a? (1 9?) forma
(1) rectangle 2) rhombus
G) trapezium (4) none of these
6. If the pairs of lines x? + 2xy + ay" = 0 and ax + 2ry
12 have exactly one line in common, then the joint
equation of the other two lines is given by
() 3? + Bry ~ 397 (2) 32° + Lony +3 =0
Q) 9 +2y-3e=0 (4) 2+ 2—y-37=0
7 The condition that one of the straight lines given by the
equation av’ + 2hxy + by? = 0 may coincide with ove of
those given by the equation a's? + 2h'xy + b'y? =O ie
(1) (ab’ ~ a'b) = 4¢ha’ ~ ha) (bh ~ 6h)
(2) (ab! ~ a’6y' = (ha’ ~ ha) (bh ~ b'hy
(3) tha’ ~ hay? = 4(ab’ — a'b) (bh' — b'hy
(4) (bh ~ b°h) = a(ab’ ~ a'b) (ha’ ~ ha)
8 [the lines represented by the equation 3)" +23x—3=9
are rotated about the point (V3, 0) through an angle of 15*,
fone in clockwise direction and the other in anticlockwise
direction, so that they become perpendicular, then the
‘equation of the pair of lines in the new position is
Q) F-2 423 +3=0 2) PP + 2-320
Q) 7-7 - 25 x+3=0 4) FF +3-0
9. The equation ofa line which is parallel tothe line common
to the pair of lines given by 6x” ~ xy - 12y* = 0 and
15x? + Lay: 8° = and ata distance of 7 units from itis
() 4x~4y=-35 (2) Se-2y=7
(3) 3x+4y=35 (4) 2e-3ye7
Exercises
10, ‘The equation x7)? ~ 997 + bry + S4y =O represey,
(1) 8 pair of straight lines and a circle
(2) a pair of straight lines and a parabola
3) a set of four straight lines forming a squire
(4) one of these
IL, The equations 7x" + 2h(a-+ bey + :
+ by? = O represent
(1) two pairs of perpendicular straight lines
(@) to pairs of parallel straight lines
(3) to pais of straight lines which are equally.
cach other
(4) none of these
2 {the equation of the pair of straight lines passing ti,
the point (1, 1),one making an angle 8 with the
Positive direction ofthe a-axis andthe other main,
Same angle with the positive direction of they.
P- (a+ Quy ty tart y= 0.0% 2, thea
value of sin 26s
() a-2 Q) a+2
3) Ya+2 (4) Ya
13. [ftwo lines represented by x! + 2y + er')2— y)) =!
bisect the angle between the other two, then the vale
is
Oo Oa ay (a -5
4. Through a point 4 on the x-axis, a straight line de
Parallel tothe y-axis so as to meet the pair of stright
ax’ + Dhay + by? = 0 at B and C If 4B = BC, then
Q) A= 4ab 2) 8H = 9b
(3) 9? = 8ab (4) 4h = ab
1S. The image ofthe pair of lines represented by a =>
=O by the line mirror y = 0 is
(D ae’ 2hey— b= 0 (2) be —2hny = ay" 0
@) be + dey +a2=0 (4) ar 2hry +b? =0
16. The Straight lines represented by the equation 1
'36ny+ 33y7 = 0 are equally inclined to the line
() x~2y, Q) x+Qye7
Q) x-2y=4 © area
4
Y. Te slope of one of the ines represented bya:
7° is the square ofthe ater, then ae
hab
aya 6
G8 (4) none of these
ay? = 0, (a #0), are thee"
‘angle. Then the triangle
2) scalene
"sty 27 ders 2m
‘stint tines forming a
(1) isosceles
Pa 19, Statement 1: If-2h = a+ 6, then one line of the pair of
lines ax” + 2hxy + by? = 0 bisects the angle between the
coordinate axes in the positive quadrant
Statement 2: it ax + y(2h + a) = 0 is a factor of
ac + Dhay + by? =0, then b+ 2h+a=0,
(1) Both the statements are true but statement 2s the correct
explanation of statement |
(2) Both the statements are true but statement 2 is not the
correct explanation of statement |
(3) Statement | is true and ‘statement 2 is false,
(4) Statement 1 is false and statement 2 is true.
20. The orthocenter
of the triangle formed by the lines xy = 0
andx + y= 1 is
(@ (2,12) @) 03,18)
3) @,0) (@) (1/4, 1/4)
21. Let POR be a right-angled isosceles triangle, right angled
at PQ, 1). Ifthe equation of the line QR is 2x + y= 3, then
‘the equation representing the pair of lines PO and Pi
(1) 3x°-3y? + Bxy + 20r + 10y+25=0
(2) 3x? - 397 + Bxy~ 20x ~ 107 +2:
G) 3° 3y + By + Or + 15y+20=0
(4) 3x°~3y7 Sry 15y-20=0
22. Area of the triangle formed by the line x + y = 3 and the
angle bisectors of the pairs of straight lines x? — y* + 2y,
= lis
(1) 2sq. units (2) 4sq, units
(3) 65q. units @) 85q. unit
23. The orthocentre of the triangle formed by the lines
2° Ixy -2y*- 9x4 Ty $= O.with 4x + Sy—3 =
() GIs, 11/5) (2) (6/5,11/5)
(3) (516, 11/5) (4) @/5 6/5)
ea lll
1. The equation x + %y—1y? = y represents
(1) three real straight lines
(2) lines in which two of them are perpendicular to each
other
(3) lines in which two of them are coincident
(4) none of these
2. The straight lines represented by x? + mxy —2y7+ 3y—1=0
meet at
() €13,23) 2) (13,213)
@) 3,23) (4) none of these
3. Ifone of the lines of my? + (1 - m?)xy-— mx? = Ois abisector
of the angle between the lines xy 0, then mis
Mt 2 @-2 aa
4. If. + 2hxy + y= O(h > 1) represents the equation of the
Straight lines through the origin which make an angle
with the straight line y +x = 0, then
Pair of Straight Lines 3.9
(1) see2a=h (2) cos a= V+ hh)
3) 2sina=\TFAVR (A) cot a= it RI)
5. The combined equation of three sides of a triangle is
(¢ ~y\(2e + 3y~ 6) =0. If (-2, a) is an interior point and
(6, 1) is an exterior point of the triangle, then
() 2<@< 103 Q) 2
