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NTPC

The document discusses various topics related to control and instrumentation including basics of circuits and measurement systems, transducers and industrial instrumentation, analog and digital electronics, signals and systems, communications, electrical and electronic measurements, control systems and process control, and analytical, optical and biomedical instrumentation. It covers concepts such as Kirchoff's laws, instrumentation amplifiers, digital modulation schemes, feedback principles in control systems, and applications of instrumentation in areas like spectrometry and optics. The document provides an overview of key concepts and components across control, instrumentation, electronics, and measurement domains.

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Ruchira Ghosh
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65 views

NTPC

The document discusses various topics related to control and instrumentation including basics of circuits and measurement systems, transducers and industrial instrumentation, analog and digital electronics, signals and systems, communications, electrical and electronic measurements, control systems and process control, and analytical, optical and biomedical instrumentation. It covers concepts such as Kirchoff's laws, instrumentation amplifiers, digital modulation schemes, feedback principles in control systems, and applications of instrumentation in areas like spectrometry and optics. The document provides an overview of key concepts and components across control, instrumentation, electronics, and measurement domains.

Uploaded by

Ruchira Ghosh
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Control & Instrumentation

Basics of Circuits and Measurement Systems: Kirchoff’s laws, mesh and nodal Analysis. Circuit
theorems. One-port and two-port Network Functions. Static and dynamic characteristics of
Measurement Systems. Error and uncertainty analysis. Statistical analysis of data and curve
fitting.

Transducers, Mechanical Measurement and Industrial Instrumentation: Resistive,


Capacitive, Inductive and piezoelectric transducers and their signal conditioning. Measurement of
displacement, velocity and acceleration (translational and rotational), force, vibration and shock.
Measurement of pressure, flow, temperature and liquid level. Measurement of pH, conductivity,
humidity, hydrazine, silica, dissolved O2. Units and standards of measurement.

Analog Electronics: Characteristics of diode, BJT, JFET and MOSFET. Diode circuits. Transistors
at low and high frequencies, Amplifiers, single and multi-stage. Feedback amplifiers. Operational
amplifiers, characteristics and circuit configurations. Instrumentation amplifier. Precision rectifier.
V-to-I and I-to-V converter. Op-Amp based active filters. Oscillators and signal generators. Voltage
stabiliser and regulator circuits. Inverter and converter circuits.

Digital Electronics: Combinational logic circuits, minimization of Boolean functions. IC families,


TTL, MOS and CMOS. Arithmetic circuits. Comparators, Schmitt trigger, timers and mono-stable
multi-vibrator. Sequential circuits, flip-flops, counters, shift registers. Multiplexer, S/H circuit.
Analog-to-Digital and Digital-to-Analog converters. Basics of number system. Microprocessor
applications, memory and input-output interfacing. Microcontrollers.

Signals and Systems: Definitions and properties of Laplace transform, continuous-time and


discrete-time Fourier series, continuous-time and discrete-time Fourier Transform, DFT and FFT, z-
transform. Sampling theorem. Linear Time-Invariant (LTI) Systems: definitions and properties;
causality, stability, impulse response, convolution, poles and zeros, parallel and cascade structure,
frequency response, group delay, phase delay. Signal transmission through LTI systems.

Communications: Random signals and noise: probability, random variables, probability


density function, autocorrelation, power spectral density. Analog communication systems:
amplitude and angle modulation and demodulation systems, spectral analysis of these operations,
superheterodyne receivers; elements of hardware, realizations of analog communication systems;
signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) calculations for amplitude modulation (AM) and frequency modulation
(FM) for low noise conditions. Fundamentals of information theory and channel capacity theorem. 

Digital communication systems: pulse code modulation (PCM), differential pulse code


modulation (DPCM), digital modulation schemes: amplitude, phase and frequency shift keying
schemes (ASK, PSK, FSK), matched filter receivers, bandwidth consideration and probability of
error calculations for these schemes. Basics of TDMA, FDMA and CDMA and GSM. Basic Network
topology and Net work hard wares. LAN / WAN configurations. UTP and OFC Links and
components. Serial and parallel communication, Shielding and grounding. IEEE standards and
broadband.

Electrical and Electronic Measurements: Bridges and potentiometers, measurement of R,L and


C. Measurements of voltage, current, power, power factor and energy. A.C & D.C current probes.
Extension of instrument ranges. Q-meter and waveform analyzer. Digital voltmeter and multi-
meter. Time, phase and frequency measurements. Cathode ray oscilloscope. Instrument
Transformer.

Control Systems and Process Control: Feedback principles. Signal flow graphs. Transient
Response, steady-state-errors. Routh and Nyquist criteria. Bode plot, root loci. Time delay
systems. Phase and gain margin. State space representation of systems. Mechanical, hydraulic and
pneumatic system components. Synchro pair, servo and step motors. On-off, cascade, P, P-I, P-I-
D, feed forward and derivative controller, Fuzzy controllers. Multi-state variable and Adaptative
controls. System modeling, Digital controls, Distributed digital controls, control loops based on
computers.

Analytical, Optical and Biomedical Instrumentation: Mass spectrometry. UV, visible and IR


spectrometry. X-ray and nuclear radiation measurements. Optical sources and detectors, LED,
laser, Photo-diode, photo-resistor and their characteristics. Interferometers, applications in
metrology.
more details. 

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