CLASS 7

English Grammar Class

Notes

CHAPTER 1
THE SENTENCE
A Sentence:

Group of words that makes complete sense

Subject: Noun(doer)

Predicate: Describes or tells about the subject of a sentence(The

verb is always a part of the predicate.

Subject-Word: Noun
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Attribute: Adjective

KINDS OF SENTENCES:

Assertive (or Declarative) Sentences:

These sentences declare something and always end with a full

stop.

● Affirmative Sentences: Positive Sentences without the words

Not, No, and Never.
● Negative Sentences: Sentences that contain not or no are
called negative sentences.

Interrogative Sentences: Sentences that ask a question and end

with a question mark.

● Wh Questions
● How
● Yes/No Questions (Auxiliary Verbs: is, are, did, didn't, have,
has, am)

Imperative Sentences: These sentences give instructions, orders,

command, advise, or make requests.

Exclamatory Sentences: Sentences that express strong feelings.

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CHAPTER 4
ADJECTIVES
Adjective: Words that describe the Subject(noun) or Pronoun are
known as Adjective.

Adjectives of Quality: Expresses the kind or the quality of a person

or a thing.

Adjective of Quantity: how much of something.

Adjective of Number: Tells how many people or things are meant,

or in what order a person or a thing stands.

● Definite Numeral Adjectives: Tells us the exact number of

people or things

( Cardinals: Tells the number or exact number of people or

things.

Ordinals: Tells the order of things or people.)

● Indefinite Numeral Adjectives: No definite or exact number.

● Distributive Numeral Adjectives: Refers to each one of a
number.

Demonstrative Adjectives: Points out which person or thing is

meant.
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Interrogative Adjectives: Questioning Adjectives

Emphasising Adjectives: Adjectives that stress out about a

particular thing.

Participle Adjectives: Present and Past participles, used as

adjectives

DEGREES OF COMPARISON:

Positive Degree:The Positive degree is the uncompared base

form of an adjective or adverb.

Comparative Degree:When two items/people are compared.

Superlative Degree:A superlative is the form of an adjective or an

adverb used to compare three or more things.

CHAPTER 5
ADVERBS
Adverb: Words that describes a verb

Adverb of Time: Tells us the time at which an action takes place.

Adverb of Frequency: Tells us how often something happens.

Adverb of Place: Tells us where something happens.

Adverb of Manner: Tells us how something happens.

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Adverb of Degree: Tells us the intensity of something.

Interrogative Adverbs: Questioning Adverbs

Adverbs of Reason: Tells us why something happens.

CHAPTER 6
ARTICLES
Indefinite Articles: A- mostly used before vowels and vowel sound,
AN- mostly used before consonants and consonant sounds.

Definite Articles: THE- mostly used before when something has

already been referred to.

CHAPTER 12
TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE
VERBS
Direct Object: What(Non-Living Things)

Indirect Object: Whom(Living Things)

Transitive Verbs: Verbs followed by an object.

Intransitive Verbs: Verbs that are not followed by an object.

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CHAPTER 14
SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT
Plural Verb: Base verb

Example: cry, want (were, have, are)

Singular Verb: Word derived from base word

Example: cries, wants (was, is, has)

● If the subject is singular, the verb is singular.

Example: The baby cries.

She completes her homework everyday.

● If the subject is plural, the verb is also plural.

Example: Babies cry.

They complete their homework everyday.

● Two or more singular nouns connected by ‘and’ must be

used with a plural verb.

Example: Padma and Vijaya are sisters.

Blueberries and mangoes are my favourite fruits.

● Two or more singular nouns refers to the same person or

thing, the verb must be singular.
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Example: The actor and singer is talented.

The PE teacher and footballer is living in Delhi.

● Two or more singular subjects expressing one idea, must be

followed by a singular verb.

Example: Slow and STeady wins the race.

● Each, Every-Singular verb

Example: Each member in the camp makes their own food.

Every girl has completed their assignments.

● Two singular subjects connected with or, neither nor, either

or-Singular verb

Example: Either Rafi or Peter has gone to a party.

(Note: When two singular subjects connected by ‘or’, ‘nor’ differ in

person, the verb should agree in person with the subject nearest
to it.

Example: Neither Prasad nor I have visited the Taj Mahal.

If one of the subjects is plural, the verb must be plural, and the
plural subject must be placed next to the plural verb.

Example: Either me or my cousins were going to the party.)

● Nouns which are plural in form but singular in

meaning-Singular verb.
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Example: The NEWS is true.

● A collective noun takes a singular verb when the collection is

thought of as a whole.

Example:A school of dolphins was swimming in the pool

happily.

● A plural verb is used when the collection is thought of as

separate individuals.

Example: A number of members of the team were absent.

● Furniture, stationary, crockery, cutlery-singular verb

Example: The stationary items were placed neatly on the

shelf.

● When the subject consists of two nouns or pronouns joined

with With, along with, together with or as well as, the verb
agrees with the first of them.

Example: The boss, along with his workers, was sent to

prison.

● Pair of-singular noun

Example: A pair of scissors was found by Amit under a table.

● Omitting Pair of-plural verb

Example: My trousers are wet.

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● Many-plural verb
● Much- singular verb
● Distances, time, heights, weights-singular verb

EXample: Ten million rupees is a lot of money.

CHAPTER 11
NON-FINITE VERBS