Amelia Earhart was born in Kansas in 1897.

Thirty one years later,

she received a phone call that would change her life. She was invited to
become the first woman passenger to cross the Atlantic Ocean in a plane.
Lin The flight took more than 20 hours – about three times longer than it
e routinely takes today to cross the Atlantic by plane. Earhart was twelve
(5) years old before she ever saw an airplane, and she didn’t take her first
flight until 1920. But she was so thrilled by her first experience in a plane
that she quickly began to take flying lessons. She wrote, “As soon as I left
the ground, I knew I myself had to fly.”

After that flight Earhart became a media sensation. She was given a
(10 ticker tape parade down Broadway in New York and even President
) Coolidge called to congratulate her. Because her record-breaking career
and physical appearance were similar to pioneering pilot and American
hero Charles Lindbergh, she earned the nickname “Lady Lindy.” She wrote
a book about her flight across the Atlantic, called 20 Hrs., 40 Min.

Earhart continued to break records, and also polished her skills as a

(15 speaker and writer, always advocating women’s achievements, especially
) in aviation. Her next goal was to achieve a transatlantic crossing alone. In
1927 Charles Lindbergh became the first person to make a solo nonstop
flight across the Atlantic. Five years later, Earhart became the first woman
to repeat that feat. Her popularity grew even more and she was the
undisputed queen of the air. She then wanted to fly around the world, and
(20 in June 1937 she left Miami with Fred Noonan as her navigator. No one
) knows why she left behind important communication and navigation
instruments. Perhaps it was to make room for additional fuel for the long
flight. The pair made it to New Guinea in 21 days and then left for Howland
Island, a tiny island in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. The last
communication from Earhart and Noonan was on July 2, 1937 with a
(25 nearby Coast Guard ship. The United States Navy conducted a massive
) search for more than two weeks but no trace of the plane or its passengers
was ever found. Many people believe they got lost and simply ran out of
fuel and died.
1. With which of the following subjects is the passage mainly concerned?
(A) The history of aviation (B) The tragic death of the queen of air
(C) Achievements of early aviation pioneers (D) The achievements of a
pioneering aviatrix

2. According to the passage, which of the following statements about Earhart is NOT
true?
(A) She wrote a book about her solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic, called 20
Hrs., 40 Min.
 (B) In her last adventure, she didn’t take communication and navigation
instruments by accident, and that led to the tragedy.
(C) She is regarded as the female Chare Lindbergh in aviation.
(D) She was in her late twenties when she took her first flight.

3. According to the passage, when did Amelia Earhart began her first flight
(A) when she was 12 years old (B) 1920
(C) when she first saw an airplane (D) when she started to take flying lessons.

4. The word “sensation” in line 8 is closest in meaning to

(A) feeling (B) hit (C) excitement (D) perception

5. Amelia Earhart was called “Lady Lindy” because

(A) she was the undisputed queen of the air.
(B) President Coolidge gave her the nickname.
(C) she repeated Charles Lindbergh’s feat.
(D) of her career and her physical resemblance to Lindbergh

6. The word “undisputed” in line18 is closest in meaning to

(A) contemporary (B) undeceived (C) dissipated (D) undoubted

7. The word “it” in line 20 refers to

(A) plane (B) communication (C) the reason (D) aviation.

8. The word “massive” in line 25 is closest in meaning to

(A) substantial (B) general (C) large (D) careful

9. It may be inferred from the passage that Amelia Earhart

(A) would not have developed her love of flying if she had not been invited to
become the first woman passenger to cross the Atlantic in a plane.
(B) Would have continued to seek new adventures and records to break if
she had not died at the age of 39.
(C) became too confident and took too many risks to be able to live to old age.
(D) did not want to return to the United States.
 Music can bring us to tears or to our feet, drive us into battle or lull us
to sleep. Music is indeed remarkable in its power over all humankind, and
perhaps for that very reason, no human culture on earth has ever lived
Lin without it. From discoveries made in France and Slovenia even
e Neanderthal man, as long as 53,000 years ago, had developed surprisingly
(5) sophisticated, sweet-sounding flutes carved from animal bones. It is
perhaps then, no accident that music should strike such a chord with the
limbic system – an ancient part of our brain, evolutionarily speaking, and
one that we share with much of the animal kingdom. Some researchers
even propose that music came into this world long before the human race
(10 ever did. For example, the fact that whale and human music have so much
) in common even though our evolutionary paths have not intersected for
nearly 60 million years suggests that music may predate humans. They
assert that rather than being the inventors of music, we are latecomers to
the musical scene.

Humpback whale composers employ many of the same tricks that

(15 human songwriters do. In addition to using similar rhythms, humpbacks
) keep musical phrases to a few seconds, creating themes out of several
phrases before singing the next one. Whale songs in general are no longer
than symphony movements, perhaps because they have a similar attention
span. Even though they can sing over a range of seven octaves, the
whales typically sing in key, spreading adjacent notes no farther apart than
(20 a scale. They mix percussive and pure tones in pretty much the same
) ratios as human composers – and follow their ABA form, in which a theme
is presented, elaborated on and then revisited in a slightly modified form.
Perhaps most amazing, humpback whale songs include repeating refrains
that rhyme. It has been suggested that whales might use rhymes for
exactly the same reasons that we do: as devices to help them remember.
(25 Whale songs can also be rather catchy. When a few humpbacks from the
) Indian Ocean strayed into the Pacific, some of the whales they met there
quickly changed their tunes – singing the new whales’ songs within three
short years. Some scientists are even tempted to speculate that a universal
music awaits discovery.
1. Why did the author write the passage?
(A) To describe the music for some animals, including humans
(B) To illustrate the importance of music to whales
(C) To show that music is not a human or even modern invention
 (D) To suggest that music is independent of life forms that use it

2. The word “sophisticated” in line 5 is closest in meaning to

(A) complex (B) intricate (C) well-developed (D) entangled

3. The word “one” in line 7 can be replaced by

(A) the chord (B) the left brain (C) the right brain (D) the limbic system

4. According to the passage, which of the following is true of humpback whales

(A) their tunes are distinctively different from human tunes
(B) they can sing over a range of seven octaves
(C) they do not use rhyme, unlike humans
(D) whale songs of a particular group cannot be learned by other whales

5. The word “they” in line 18 refers to

(A) human composers (B) whole songs
(C) octaves (D) whales

6. Which of the following is NOT true about humpback whale music?

(A) It uses similar patterns to human songs
(B) It’s comparative in length to symphony movements
(C) It’s easy to learn by other whales
(D) It’s in a form of creating a theme, elaborating and revisiting in rhyming
refrains

7. The word “refrains” in line 22 is closest in meaning to

(A) tunes (B) notes (C) musical phrases (D) sounds

8. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

(A) The earliest human beings came from France and Slovenia
(B) Music helped to shape the whale brain
(C) Humpback whales imitate the way human composers so in creating their
own music
(D) The research of musical brain will lead to a discovery of a universal music

9. Where in the passage does the author first mention whales?

(A) Lines 5-9 (B) Lines 10-14
(C) Lines 15-19 (D) Lines 20-24

10. The word ‘their’ in line 25 refers to

(A) Indian Ocean humpbacks (B) Pacific Ocean humpbacks
(C) all whales (D) whale songs
The Alask pipeline
starts at the frozen
edge of the
Arctic Ocean. It
  stretches southward
across the largest
and northernmost state
  in the United States,
ending at
a remote ice-free seaport
Line village nearly 800 miles
from
where it begins. It is
(5) massive in size and
extremely
  complicated to operate.
The steel pipe crosses
  windswept plains and
endless
miles of delicate tundra
  that tops the frozen
ground. It
weaves through crooked
 
canyons, climbs sheer
mountains, plunges over
(10) rocky crags, makes its
way
through thick forests,
  and passes over or under
hundreds
of rivers and streams.
  The pipe is 4 feet in
diameter, and
  up to 2 million barrels
(or 84 million gallons)
 of crude
oil can be pumped
 
through it daily.
Resting on H-shaped
(15) steel racks called
"bents," long
sections of the pipeline
  follow a zigzag course
high
above the frozen earth.
  Other long sections drop
out of
sight beneath spongy or
  rocky ground and return
to the
surface later on. The
  pattern of the pipeline's
up-and-
down route is
(20) determined by the often
harsh demands
of the arctic and
  subarctic climate, the
tortuous lay of
the land, and the varied
  compositions of soil,
rock, or
permafrost (permanently
  frozen ground). A little
more
than half of the pipeline
  is elevated above the
ground.
The remainder is buried
(25) anywhere from 3 to 12
feet,
depending largely upon
  the type of terrain and
the
  properties of the soil.
One of the largest in the
 
world, the pipeline cost
  approximately $8 billion
 and is by far the biggest
and most expensive
(30)
construction project ever
undertaken by private
  industry. In fact, no
single
business could raise that
  much money, so eight
major oil
companies formed a
  consortium in order to
share
the costs. Each company
 
controlled oil rights to
particular shares of land
(35)
in the oil fields and paid
into the pipeline-
  construction fund
according to the
size of its holdings.
  Today, despite
enormous
problems of climate,
  supply shortages,
equipment
breakdowns, labor
  disagreements,
treacherous
terrain, a certain amount
(40)
of mismanagement, and
even theft, the Alaska
  pipeline has been
completed
  and is operating.

1. The passage primarily discusses the pipeline's

A. operating costs
B. employees
C. consumers
D. construction
2. The word "it" in line 5 refers to
 A. pipeline
B. ocean
C. state
D. village
3. According to the passage, 84 million gallons of oil can travel through the
pipeline each
A. day
B. week
C. month
D. year
4. The phrase "Resting on" in line 15 is closest in meaning to
A. consisting of
B. supported by
C. passing under
D. protected with
5. The author mentions all of the following as important in determining the
pipeline's route EXCEPT the
A. climate
B. lay of the land itself
C. local vegetation
D. kind of soil and rock
6. The word "undertaken" in line 31 is closest in meaning to
A. removed
B. selected
C. transported
D. attempted
7. How many companies shared the costs of constructing the pipeline?
A. three
B. four
C. eight
D. twelve
8. The word "particular" in line 35 is closest in meaning to
A. peculiar
 B. specific
C. exceptional
D. equal
9. Which of the following determined what percentage of the construction costs
each member of the consortium would pay?
A. How much oil field land each company owned
B. How long each company had owned land in the oil fields
C. How many people worked for each company
D. How many oil wells were located on the company's land
10. Where in the passage does the author provide a term for an earth covering
that always remains frozen?
A. Line 4
B. Line 15
C. Line 23
D. Line 37

teamships were first introduced into the United States in 1807, and John
Molson built the first steamship in Canada(then called British North
America) in 1809. By the 1830's dozens of steam vessels were in use in
Canada. They offered the traveler reliable transportation in comfortable
facilities-a welcome alternative to stagecoach travel, which at the best of
times

could only be described as wretched. This commitment to

dependable river transport became entrenched with the investment of
millions of dollars for the improvement of waterways. which included the
construction of canals and lock systems. The Lachine and Welland
canals. two of the most important systems. were opened in 1825 and
1829, respectively. By the time that Upper and Lower Canada were united
into the Province of Canada in 1841. the public debt for canals was more
than one hundred dollars per capita. an enormous sum for the time. But it
may not seem such a great amount if we consider that improvements
allowed steamboats to remain practical for most commercial transport in
Canada until the mid-- nineteenth century.

1. What is the main purpose of the passage?

 (A) To contrast travel by steamship and stagecoach
(B) To criticize the level of public debt in nineteenth - century Canada -
(C) To describe the introduction of steamships in Canada
(D) To show how Canada surpassed the United States in transportation
improvements

2. The word "reliable" in line 3 is closest in meaning to which of the following

(A) Quick (B) Safe (C) Dependable (D) Luxurious

3. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about stagecoach travel
in Canada in the 1831's?
(A) It was reasonably comfortable. (B) It was extremely efficient.
(C) It was not popular. (D) It was very practical.

4. According to the passage, when was the Welland Canal opened?

(A) 1807 (B) 1809 (C) 1825 (D) 1829

5. The word "sum" in line 10 is closest in meaning to which of the following?

(A) Size(B) Cost (C) Payment (D) Amount

6. According to the passage, steamships became practical means of transportation

in Canada because of
(A) improvements in the waterways (B) large subsidies from John Molson
(C) a relatively small population (D) the lack of alternate means