UNIT-I : Virtual Work and. Energy Principles Principles of virtual work applied to deformable bo, dies | Strain energy and complementary energy, Eneray thee Maxwell's reciprocal theorem, Analysis of pin-jointeq frames for static loads UNIT-II : Indeterminate Structures-I Static and kinematics indeterminacy....... Analysis of fixed and continuous beams by theore moments, Effect of sinking and rotation of suppor Moment distribution method (without Sway) ™M Of three i rts . UNIT-IIl : Indeterminate Structures-Il Analysis of beams and frames by slope deflection method Analysis of beams and frames by column analogy method vt oa (18 UNIT-IV : Arches and Suspension Cables Three hinged arches of different shapes, Eddy's theorem j Suspension cable, Stiffening girders .. Two hinged and fixed arches — Rib shortening and temperature effects....... UNIT-V : Rolling Loads and Influence Lines a Maximum SF and BM curves for various types of 1 : minal Focal length, EUDL, Influence lines for dete! — structures-Beams, Three hinged arches -0.6. Give the idea of column analogy method. ‘Ans, Column analogy method was innovativity i930. This is a method which established the similarity iie loaded beams and columns. of Prof. Hardy Cross in (mathematical) between 0.7. Write down the procedure for application of column analogy method. Or Enumerate the steps involved in determining the Sixed end moments fora beam with variable moment of inertia using column analogy method. (R.GRV. Dec, 2016) Ans, The procedure of column analogy method is as follows — Step 1 - Draw B.M. diagram for considering the indeterminate beam as freeat the ends, that means considering indeterminate as determinate cantilever ported. It is called Mg diagram. _ Step2-Find the volume of 7 dul to the force or load (P orsimply sup} Ms diagram considering unit thickness which ) applied on the column (only for same EI). W the analogous section of the column of unit thickness and find the area, P H 7 S Draw the B.M.D. considering the fixed end moments (Mia and side ‘agram is called M; diagram. To find the value of Mia and Miz,184 Structural Analysis ~1 Mia =P/A’ Mig = P/A | For the symmetr ai If the load is eccentric, then i: Distance from the end tothe Moment of inertia about Y-axis (tis nent" Ny Step 4~The fina end moment wil be ge (oe MA= Mga Mia "a Mp = Map —Mip Seetion shout wi ical ai, 2.8. Write down the generalised column p fo lexure formula GRY, Jane Ans, The column which are symmetrical abouthoth the principal axes have been analysed, At the time of analysing ing poral frame, analogous columns which are not symmettical about oe axes. In a generalised case, the stress fat any point», can be expressed as — tee reac f=atbxtey where, a, b and ¢ are constant to be determined Hence load P= [f.dA = afdA+b[xdatefy.da Since the principal axes are through the centroid, nd xandy rome! with reference to these, [x.dA and [y.dA are each ze. Hence, p=afda E E fi iz * Jaa Also, Mxx = co = afysasbfaysarefrth + bIxy hae oe Since, y.dA =O, [xy dA =v an? hy Myy= f(fda)s . Jrarbxrendxdh Similarly, Indeterminate Structures =I! 155 afuannfetanefavan =0+blyy +e kxy 7 ofath=tre att rset sae Jen iy and Gv) for band c, we get soins tons Ixy wav) | (vi) sain the values of a, band ein equation (), we get a eeresie Lxxlxy —y ty 1g howeves, the poral fame is such that one of the principal centroidal axis is te aisof symmetry, xy becomes zero, Then equation (vii) reduces to the form (viii) RITE CoE el tea Probld, Find the fixed end mom ‘love analogy | ae "ents for the given fixed beam by | “ w ‘ 7 : wn Sh. De ed 1p OM: dingram under “red. a under load by consideris ng ESM agra "8! BY considering beam as simply "icon inga 0 0 considering ‘sidering unit thickness which is equal to load Ah187 186 Structural Anatysis 1 ‘We know that, GoM) Ans. Eccentricity eee Distance between C.G. of aslopos CON | find the zed end 9 (for given question) | analogy met fi the _ = Dist °F CG. oF analogous clan fom eas, | ing cp uniformly distri June 2015, De X= Distan seed 1 (GPK, = Ler given as eee mt = ven team i sho Lp | somes (for given case) a . Analagos Coke ® Fig. 3.32 cae rem Fig. 331158 toca Ana lysis - ; We know, nee Indeterminate Stace 11-189 Miap=Za hex ‘The fixed end moments at A and B 2 Ma =My—Miq Mp=Ms~Mig are Biven by — Similarly Mig = > Putting the values of Mia and Mig in equation (i), we gt | we wit WR Prob.16. A beam AB of span | is fixed at Aand Band carries a point Toad W ata distance ‘a’ from A and ‘67 from B. Calculate supports moment, Use column analogy method. Eis constant. Sol, We know, Ma =Ms-Mia } Mp =Ms—Mis P , Pex no man [242%]160. Structural Analysis -1 Wab/2E1 | Wat = SAE Wab met et te, Wab | Wab(/— ae = Nab, Wab(=2a) | was, a oF “rt = Waban) = Wab? : P ce Wab/2E1 Wab ay Mig = WAb/2E1 _ Wab . (1-29 SS 17ers Com Sk _ Wab _ wab(/~2, 2 re] wan(28 ae ee 2 Hence using equation (i), we get OM,=0 €M=0) A Prob.17. Analyse the beam, using column analogy method sow fig. 335. saws 4 2 EI=Com fm et | Fig, 3.35 (RGEL, Dez. 28 ‘Sol, Considering beam is a simply supported forthe basi dees eee Wab 50x24 2m Ordinate of Mgunderthe a= "p= gS Draw the My diagram and plan of analogous column a shown () and (©). e A We know, MoM Mal ‘ Mp =M,- Mia : P Pex Al Also Mia Indeterminate Structures -I! 161 ‘ow, load on analogous column will be, a 3 ab ts 1 "ET Wab 2 2EI A= Area of analogous column 6 S0x2%4 2EI 200 “ET162 Structural Analysis = Putting all these values in equation (ji equation (i), we pat P Pex yuma,» Mig = P+ BSE 200 ogo ART Bama, | tee 1 Se z Ledge ae z 10°58 2 6 Bh, dim 618 444 Ny vq aie 1 Mg= 22s ae = BUA TY 722.22 eam a Indeterminate Structures =I! 163 Mey Mg = 0 ~ 7 Ip=0-22.22= 22.29 4m | Draw the BMD. as shown in fig. 3.36 (), 4 Prob.18. A beam AB of span | and fixed at, Both ends load W at C, the centre of the span. Determine the en oh the moment of inertia for AC is 21 and that for BOC ed nny) fC. of asogous column, method. ‘oon ae x arr ne wi tAne Ate AB ofp fstab tend crs epee Perak cen iarlraee siren Stef Cop fed atone’ ert * ome of ineria of the section is 21 for the middle hafierthanl . y=, = SL the remaining part. Find the fixing moments atthe eds by asi eR 9736 nano ‘GEL, Dee} Ditne of CG of analogous column, Sol Considering both ends as simply supported and cis 8 7 under load, we : 2 derload, we get wy i -w : lb ranilefy, a(t) jel 2 72" oer We know, — Ma “eal Mp=M,~Mip Also ‘Now, total load (P) on analogous column wil Pe P = Volume of M, diagram - ReGen ee 4 rotowl 1) (1b Mex a w*(7-4) fe Polo*g* “me (22 4 12, 19281164. Structural Analysis! eto te | i conse ig 339 shows sis ‘ngewe 20 120 20 20 Ye vat Batatc: AMD Webae, Ma Putting all these values in equation (i), we get 3 we 3 we EL we 12 Hue Hod, 5 pct ised be iu vavqnd Vb ygel2=120%8 + 120 <4 Indeterminate Structures =" 165 o asing enuation (We Bet Ans. “am shown in fig. 3.38 by column analogy own RORY (R.GBY, Dec. 20149) 1 bth ends as simply supported and caleulate the B.M ky D. o w9KN 1 A the given beam. o aH reactions atthe about we have kN BN x4 =480 kN. x4=480 KN-m “7? EL ee ee 7 EL * A ‘Area of analogous column m As aalg t G)(e Lo E 2e1)" ET 44168 Structural Analysis -1 Now, Mp=Mc =M~Mip,c =-257 kN Fig. Ans ‘Draw the bending moment diagram as shown, analogy method. : penktin c -——3m——1 Fig. 3.44 (RGR, June M5) Bin and C, : wi _ 20507 sien iia br he My pan nd lg ‘Total load on the analogous column, = 2aaeaasx 78 3 eI EI 3.43 Bendi ling Mom nt Die fig. 3.43 Prob.21. Analyse the portal frame as shown in ig. 3.4 SA by cag | [since (EI)? is a very large tiene 1 og Au + Aaya + Agyy umn ax shown 0 83% Indetominete Structures -! 169 20KNIm () M, Diagram Fve bat iN bat sen wa Ba (@ BM. Diagram Fig. 3.45470. Structural Anaysis=1 ‘The distance of C.G. of analogous column as ‘ tt 1% in —— Fig. 3.46 Using equation (p= Ms~ Mj (Here M, =| $3.22" 322 Nm Mino) atBand D will be ic = Ms ~ Mj = 0-641 = —641 Nm fae Mg = Mp = 322 kN-m Mc =~ 641 kNom a raw the BMD. as shown in fig. 3.45 (4. Prob2. Analyze portal frame shown inf 147 wing column analogy method. | bar BMD. (RGRY., Dec. 2016) ‘el The ordinates of M, diagram under 4 spixng moment But y= 2ly,+AIN)+ (lg; Ag) ‘ ft team {alee eg} “482 } oH fetes 3E1” 3E1)"|32¢ep5 "EL | Ftsan B and cD — 24 4B | Man =Mep = yt 8s clesthighe pet Wid _ 24.3% 3a" Ser Et eastern = Mab 2 gt _ ist | Forspan BC ET M% Loading is symmetrical, ¢, Draw th a 7 M, aw the Mg diagram and analog a shown , 04s coun a shown in i 3.48. a fa ol load on the analogous column, Le _ 8 Papeete tote 1 Pet i a) peta and y= 2.32 m for Aand D = 160,18 178 y = 1.68 m for B and C ‘Ava ofanajel. EL EL Indeterminate moment at A and D will be given by ‘analogous column, PM My, ete 4 Myo Mp= eM cara172 Structural Analysis - Distance of e.g. of analogous column with reference to faces AB and _ 40 oo kN AI +AQ%2+Agx3 (©) Analogous Column AIHA, +Ay Fig. 3.48 2 pte oe ET andy = Aut Aay2 + Agys Ai tAn tay. Men? Since (EI?is avery large member thes Indeterminate 3a aset BLE Loading is symmetrical from y-axis it 4m for Aand D y= 1.6m for Band C. determinate Structures - "173 ‘Neglect higher [yereoret ] sited ose etora) Indeterminate moment at A and D willbe given P+ inn ae Band C will be given by,A 174 Structural Analysis - | 5 _ 178 FL 3488 _EL EI 10 EI 1797 ~!6+0 = 50.50 KN-m Now the fixing moment at A and D will be My = Mp = M, - M; =0 + 31.24 = 31.24 kN-m and fixing moment at B and D will be Mg =Mc =M, - M; = 0-50.50 = — 50.50 kN-m Hence, Ma = Mp = 31.24 KN-m =Mc =— 50.50 KN-m Ans, Draw the B.M.D. as shown in fig. 3.50. 50.50 KN-m 50.50 kKN-m Fig. 3.50 B.M.D,