UNIT 1: THE GENERATION GAP

VOCABULARY
- afford /əˈfɔːrd/ (v): có đủ khả năng, có đủ điều kiện (làm việc gì)
- arise – arose - arisen /əˈraɪz/ (v): xuất hiện, nảy sinh, nổi lên
Example: We keep them informed of any changes as they arise.
- bring about /brɪŋ/ (v): gây ra
Example: What brought about the change in his attitude?
- childcare /ˈtʃaɪldker/ (n): việc chăm sóc trẻ em
- conflict /ˈkɑːnflɪkt/ (n): mâu thuẫn
- conservative /kənˈsɜːrvətɪv/ (a): bảo thủ
- curfew /ˈkɜːrfjuː/ (n): lệnh giới nghiêm
Example: I have to get back or I’ll miss my curfew.
- disapproval /ˌdɪsəˈpruːvl/ (n): sự không tán thành
- distract /dɪˈstrækt/ (v): làm sao lãng, làm lơ đãng
Example: He’s easily distracted from his work
- elegant /ˈelɪɡənt/ (a): thanh lịch, tao nhã
- extended family /ɪkˌstendɪd ˈfæməli/ (n): gia đình nhiều thế hệ
- flashy /ˈflæʃi/ (a): lòe loẹt, sặc sỡ, hào nhoáng
- extracurricular /ˌekstrə kəˈrɪkjələr/ (a): ngoại khóa
- follow in somebody's footsteps (phr): theo dấu chân ai (nghĩa bóng)
- the generation gap /ðə ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃn ɡæp/ (n): khoảng cách, sự khác biệt giữa các thế hệ
Example: We keep them informed of any changes as they arise.
- impose /ɪmˈpoʊz/ (v): áp đặt
- mutual /ˈmjuːtʃuəl/ (a): lẫn nhau, qua lại, hỗ tương
- norm /nɔːrm/ (n) chuẩn mực; chuẩn
Example: She considered people to be products of the values and norms of the society they
lived in.
- nuclear family /ˌnuːkliər ˈfæməli/ (n): gia đình hạt nhân (chỉ gồm cha, mẹ và các con)
- open-minded /ˌoʊpən ˈmaɪndɪd/ (a): phóng khoáng; không thành kiến
- outweigh /ˌaʊtˈweɪ/ (v): nặng hơn, trội hơn (về giá trị, tầm quan trọng)
Example: The benefits would surely far outweigh the risks.
- pierce /pɪrs/ (v): chọc thủng, xuyên qua; khoét, dùi
to have your ears/nose, etc. pierced (= to have a small hole made in your ears/nose, etc. so that
you can wear jewellery there)
- regardless of /rɪˈɡɑːrdləs əv/ (prep): không kể đến, bất chấp
- table manners /ˈteɪbl mænərz/ (n): phong thái ngồi ăn
- viewpoint /ˈvjuːpɔɪnt/ (n): quan điểm
Example: Try looking at things from a different viewpoint.

LANGUAGE FOCUS
 @ Pronunciation: strong and weak forms
of words in connected speech
@ Grammar and Vocabulary
1. Modals: should, ought to
2. Must vs. have to

I. PRONUNCIATION
A. Which of the following words in each group has the different stress from that of the others?
1. A. generation B. extended C. appearance D. advice
2. A. impose B. discuss C. together D. understand
3. A. conflict B. hairstyle C. belief D. housework
4. A. surrounding B. distract C. financial D. mutual
5. A. arise B. teenage C. afford D. career
B. Which of the following words in each group has the underlined part pronounced differently
from that of the others?
1. A. decide B. decision C. decisive D. decisiveness
2. A. imposed B. increased C. promised D. pierced
3. A. norm B. afford C. source D. concerned
4. A. preference B. endless C. responsible D. objection
5. A. expectations B. kids C. views D. parents

II. GRAMMAR PRACTICE

Exercise 1: Choose the best modal for each sentence.
1. Dave loves chocolate, but he _________________ too much or he will get fat.
A. should eat
B. shouldn't eat
C. should eat not
2. A: I'm so hot.
B: You _________________ your coat!
A. should put on
B. should to take off
C. should take off
3. A: I think that the grade my teacher gave me on my test is wrong.
B: Really? You ______________ to her after class today.
A. ought to talk
B. should to talk
C. ought talk
4. My mother isn't feeling well, so I told her that she _______________ to the doctor.
A. ought to go
B. ought go
C. ought
5. It's raining and I don't want to get my dress wet. I _________________ an umbrella.
A. had better bring
B. had better to bring
C. had better not bring
6. The airline only allows two pieces of luggage. You _________________ pack too much or
you will have to take it out at the airport!
A. had not better
B. had better not
C. better not
7. I'm going to visit your country. Where _______________ if I want to go shopping?
A. I should go
B. ought to I go
C. should I go
8. I need help, doctor. My baby doesn't sleep well. What ________________ ?
A. should I do
B. I should do
C. had I better do

Exercise 2: Type the correct modal verb into the box.

can couldn't have to might

must ought to shouldn't was able

1. It's very cold today. Do you think it __________________ snow later?

2. You __________________ leave your door unlocked when you go out.
3. They __________________ have filled the car with petrol before they set off.
4. My motorbike broke down in the middle of nowhere, but luckily I__________________
to fix it.
5. Mum says we __________________ watch TV after we've finished our homework.
6. You don't __________________ pick me up at the station. I can get a taxi.
7. This is impossible, it __________________ be a mistake!
8. Jim __________________ have seen me because he walked past without saying 'Hello'.

Exercise 3: Read the problem page and choose the correct words in italics.
Lulu’s Problem Page
Carla: I’m only 19 but I’m always tired and I haven’t got any energy. I used to go to a gym but
I’m a student so I spend most of my time sitting at my computer, and my diet is very bad. I
know I (0) can’t / shouldn’t eat fast food but I hate cooking! What do you (1) advice / think I
should do?
Lulu says: Well, you are right, you (2) shouldn’t / had better eat fast food; it’s very unhealthy!
If you want to have more energy you (3) should have / ought to eat lots of
fruit and vegetables. You (4) mustn’t / shouldn’t have stopped going to the gym! If you are
more active, you’ll feel better.
Andy: I work in a factory and in the evenings I stay at home and watch TV. Sometimes I go to
the cinema. Last year I joined an evening class on photography but I only went for a few
weeks. Perhaps I (5) should have / had better kept going to it, but it wasn’t very interesting.
What can I do to make my life less boring?
Lulu says: I (6) think you should / don’t think you should stay at home all the time – you’ll
never make new friends if you do that! And you (7) ought not to / don’t ought to go to an
evening class if you aren’t interested in it. Instead, you (8) should / ought to have join a club
with people who are interested in the same things as you. I know you like the cinema. Why
don’t you join a film club?

Exercise 4: Complete the second sentence so it means the same as the first, using the word in
brackets.
1. It’s a pity you didn’t tell me about the party. (told)
You ...................................... ..................................... about the party.
2. Don’t touch the top of the oven, it’s still very hot. (better)
You ................................ ........................................... the top of the oven, it’s too hot.
3. I wish I hadn’t ordered the soup; it tasted awful. (have)
I ................................ ........................................... the soup, it was terrible!
4. You should ask Jack, he always gives good advice. (to)
You .......................... ................................................. Jack, he always gives good advice.
5. I really think you should listen to this CD, it’s fantastic! (must)
You .............................. ............................................. this CD, it’s fantastic!
6. Please tell me what to do with this old computer. (think)
What do you ................... ........................................................ with this old computer?
7. It's not necessary to go to school on Saturdays. (have)
You ........................................................................... .......................................
8. It's obligatory for all drivers to have a driving license. (must)
All drivers............................................................. ..............................................
9. It's compulsory for Peter to learn Spanish. (has)
Peter ......................................................................... ........................................
10. It's not obligatory for customers to go on the trips organized by the hotel. (have)
Customers .................................................................. ........................ ........................
11. Passengers aren't allowed to smoke in this compartment. (must)
Passengers ...................................................... .............................. ..................................
12. It 's necessary to book in advance. (need)
You ................................................................... .................. .............................................
13. It's essential to have a visa to travel to India. (need)
You ........................................................................ ................. .........................................
14. It's not necessary for you to shout. I can hear you perfectly well. (have)
You .......................................................... ............................................... ..................................

Exercise 5: Read the article and choose the correct answer, A, B or C below. In two
places more than one answer is possible.
HOW-TO GUIDES: 12 USING DRY SKI SLOPES
Dry ski slopes are a cheap and effective way of learning to ski before you take the plunge and
book that expensive holiday in the mountains. But, as with all sports, there are several dos and
don’ts that you should know before you start.
• Skiers (0) .......... be reasonably fit. Skiing can be physically demanding. If you are in any
doubt about your fitness you (1) .......... get a check-up from your doctor before using the slope.
• You (2) .......... be an experienced skier – all levels of ability are welcome on the dry ski
slope.
• You (3) .......... wear skis at all times on the slope – it isn’t safe to walk on it in ordinary
shoes. (You (4) .......... bring your own skis, they are available to hire.)
• You (5) .......... wear special clothes when you are on the dry ski slope, but we recommend
that you wear strong gloves as the surface of the slope can easily burn your hands if you fall.
Because of safety regulations, children under the age of sixteen (6) .......... wear protective
helmets.
• Most dry ski slopes have a café or restaurant so you (7) .......... to bring your own food or
drinks.
But remember that food and drinks (8) .......... be taken onto the ski slope at any time, because
of the risk of accidents.

0 A. need B. mustn’t C. have to

1 A. will need to B. mustn’t C. won’t need to
2 A. needn’t B. must not C. don’t have to
3 A. need B. don’t need to C. must
4 A. have got to B. don’t have to C. have to
5 A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. don’t have to
6 A. didn’t have to B. must C. need
7 A. must not B. needn’t C. don’t need
8 A. needn’t B. must not C. don’t need to
III. VOCABULARY & WORD STUDY
WORD CHART

NOUN VERB ADJECTIVE ADVERB

affordability afford affordable
approval approve approving approvingly
disapproval disapprove disapproving disapprovingly
communication communicate communicative
communicator
decision decide decisive decisively
decisiveness indecisive indecisively
distraction distract distracting
expectation expect expected unexpectedly
unexpected
finance finance financial financially
frustration frustrate frustrating
frustrated
imposition impose
objection object
preference prefer preferable preferably
surroundings surround surrounding

Exercise 1: Complete each sentence with the right form of the word in brackets.
1. This is a top-quality product at a very (afford)__________________ price.
2. Does anyone have any (object)_______________________ to the proposal?
3. Robson strongly (objection)____________________ to the terms of the contract.
4. Being taught in a small group is far (preference)______ to being in a large, noisy classroom.
5. The field was (surrounding)______________________ by trees.
6. She looked at our clothes with obvious (approve)________________________.
7. Joan has a lot of (finance)_______________________________problems at the moment.
8. This is an immensely (frustration)______________________experience for the student.
9. Teachers should try to avoid (impose)_______________ their own beliefs on their students.
10. I study in the library as there are too many (distract)__________________ at home.
11. We are still waiting for Jim to make up his mind. I wish he would be more (decide)______.
12. Radio was the pilot’s only means of (communicate)________________________.
13. I want to think about it a bit longer before I make a (decisive)___________________.
14. His performance did not live up to our (expect)________________________.
15. The experiment produced some (expect)_______________________ results.
Exercise 2: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the
following questions.
1: This plan can't be carried out because of the widespread public _________.
A. relaxation B. disapproval C. perception
2: It is not ________ to wear these trousers at the moment.
A. experienced B. fashionable C. conservative
3: You should weigh up the pros and cons of the ________ living.
A. objection B. responsible C. multi-generational
4: It is important for parents to respect children's ________.
A. privacy B. relaxation C. rudeness
5: The advantages of this plan ________ its disadvantages.
A. disrespect B. outweigh C. work out
6: All students ____ wear uniforms at school because it is a rule.
A. should B. have to C. ought to D. Must
7: You ____ finish your homework before you go to bed.
A. must B. have to C. should D. ought to
8: This drink isn't beneficial for health. You ____ drink it too much.
A. should B. ought to not C. ought not to D. mustn't
9: This warning sign indicates that you ____ step on the grass.
A. shouldn't B. mustn't C. don't have to D. ought not to
10: I think you ____ do exercise regularly in order to keep your body in good shape.
A. must B. should C. ought to D. Both B and C

Exercise 3: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the
underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
1: Despite being a kid, Tuan always helps his mother do the chores every day.
A. homework B. works C. housework D. house duties
2: When I was a child, my mother used to teach me table manners.
A. etiquette B. rule C. problem D. norm
3: Many parents find it hard to understand their children when they are teenagers.
A. adults B. elders C. adolescents D. kids
4: There're many problems which are unavoidable when living in an extended family.
A. profits B. issues C. views D. merits
5: Mary has a strong desire to make independent decisions.
A. dependent B. self-confident C. self-confessed D. self-determining

Exercise 4:. Choose the best answers for the following questions.
The generation gap, which refers to a broad difference between one generation and
another, especially between young people and their parents, usually leads to numerous
conflicts. Such family conflicts can seriously threaten the relationship between parents and
children at times.
It goes without saying that, however old their children are, parents still regard them as
small kids and keep in mind that their offspring are too young to protect themselves
cautiously or have wise choices. Therefore, they tend to make a great attempt to help their
children to discover the outside world. Nevertheless, they forget that as children grow up, they
want to be more independent and develop their own identity by creating their own opinions,
thoughts, styles and values about life.
One common issue that drives conflicts is the clothes of teenagers. While teens are keen
on wearing fashionable clothes which try to catch up with the youth trends, parents who value
traditional clothes believe that those kinds of attire violate the rules and the norms of the
society. It becomes worse when the expensive brand name clothes teens choose seem to be
beyond the financial capacity of parents.
Another reason contributing to conflicts is the interest in choosing a career path or
education between parents and teenagers. Young people are told that they have the world at
their feet and that dazzling future opportunities are just waiting for them to seize. However,
their parents try to impose their choices of university or career on them regardless of their
children's preference.
Indeed, conflicts between parents and children are the everlasting family phenomena. It
seems that the best way to solve the matter is open communication to create mutual trust and
understanding.
Question 1: Why do most parents still treat their teenage children like small kids?
A. Because children usually make mistakes
B. Because they think that children are too young to live independently.
C. Because they think that children can't protect themselves well.
Question 2: The word “offspring” in the second paragraph refers to________.
A. parents B. children C. mind
Question 3: What do parents usually do to help their children as they are young?
A. They prepare everything for their children.
B. They take care of their children carefully.
C. They encourage their children to explore the outside world.
Question 4: Which kinds of clothes do teenagers want to wear?
A. latest fashionable clothes
B. casual clothes
C. shiny trousers and tight tops
Question 5: According to the passage, what are parents' viewpoints about the teenagers'
clothes?
A. Teenagers' clothes get the latest teen fashion trends.
B. Teenagers' clothes are too short and ripped.
C. Teenagers' clothes are contrary to the accepted standards and values of the society
Question 6: Why do teenagers want to choose their university or career?
A. They want to explore the world on their own.
B. They want to decide their future by themselves.
C. Both A and B are correct.
Question 7: The word “seize” in the fourth paragraph is closest in meaning to________.
A. catch B. choose C. find

Exercise 5: Choose the best answers for the following questions.

In American, although most men still do less housework than their wives, that gap has been
halved since the 1960s. Today, 41 per cent of couples say they share childcare equally,
compared with 25 percent in 1985. Men's greater involvement at home is good for their
relationships with their spouses, and also good for their children. Hands-on fathers make better
parents than men who let their wives do all the nurturing and childcare. They raise sons who
are more expressive and daughters who are more likely to do well in school - especially in
math and science.
In 1900, life expectancy in the United States was 47 years, and only four per cent of the
population was 65 or older. Today, life expectancy is 76 years, and by 2025, it is estimated
about 20 per cent of the U.S. population will be 65 or older. For the first time, a generation of
adults must plan for the needs of both their parents and their children. Most Americans are
responding with remarkable grace. One in four households gives the equivalent of a full day a
week or more in unpaid care to an aging relative, and more than half say they expect to do so
in the next 10 years. Older people are less likely to be impoverished or incapacitated by illness
than in the past, and have more opportunity to develop a relationship with their grandchildren.
Even some of the choices that worry people the most are turning out to be manageable.
Divorce rates are likely to remain high, and in many cases marital breakdown causes serious
problems for both adults and kids. Yet when parents minimize conflict, family bonds can be
maintained. And many families are doing this. More non-custodial parents are staying in touch
with their children. Child-support receipts are rising. A lower proportion of children from
divorced families are exhibiting problems than in earlier decades. And stepfamilies are
learning to maximize children's access to supportive adults rather than cutting them off from
one side of the family.
Question 1: Which of the following can be the most suitable heading for paragraph 1?
A. Men's involvement at home
B. Benefits of men's involvement at home
C. Drawbacks of men's involvement at home
D. Children studying math and science
Question 2: Nowadays, ____ of men help take care of children.
A. 50% B. 41% C. 25% D. 20%
Question 3: According to the writer, old people in the USA ____.
A. are experiencing a shorter life expectancy
B. receive less care from their children than they used to
C. have better relationships with their children and grandchildren
D. may live in worst living conditions
Question 4: Which of the following is NOT true about divorce rates in the USA?
A. They will still be high.
B. They can cause problems for both parents and children.
C. More problems are caused by children from divorced families.
D. Children are encouraged to meet their separate parents.
Question 5: The word "equivalent” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ____.
A. comparable B. opposed C. dissimilar D. contrasting
Question 6: The word "manageable” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ____.
A. difficult B. challenging C. demanding D. easy
Question 7: The word “this” in the paragraph 3 refers to ____.
A. getting divorced B. minimizing conflict
C. causing problems to kids D. maintaining bonds
Question 8: According to the writer, the future of American family life can be ____.
A. positive B. negative C. unchanged D.
unpredictable

Exercise 5: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to
each of the following questions.
Question 1: Nobody in the class is as tall as Mike.
A. Everybody in the class is taller than Mike.
B. Somebody in the class may be shorter than Mike.
C. Mike is the tallest student in the class.
D. Mike may be taller than most students in the class.
Question 2: I haven't got enough money to buy a new car.
A. I need more money to buy a new car.
B. I don't want to spend more money on a new car.
C. A new car is not something I really need.
D. Money is not the most essential issue to buy a new car
Question 3: I am really keen on playing sports.
A. I am a big fan of sports.
B. Playing sports makes me sick.
C. I am not really into sports.
D. I can't stand sports.
Question 4: “I will come back home soon,” he said.
A. He advised to come back home soon.
B. He offered to come back home soon.
C. He promised to come back home soon.
D. He suggested that he should come back home soon.
Question 5: . He prevented his close friend from telling the truth.
A. He forbade his close friend to tell the truth.
B. He allowed his close friend to tell the truth.
C. He ordered his close friend to tell the truth.
D. He paid his close friend to tell the truth.

Exercise 6: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair
of sentences in the following questions.
Question 6: My brother speaks too loud. It is really annoying.
A. My brother is speaking too loud.
B. My brother likes to speak too loud.
C. My brother feels annoyed when he can't speak too loud.
D. My brother is always speaking too loud.
Question 7: There is always conflict between parents and children. However, they still should
talk and share things with each other.
A. Although there is always conflict between parents and children, they still should talk and
share things with each other.
B. There is always conflict between parents and children, so they still should talk and share
things with each other.
C. Unless there is always conflict between parents and children, they still should talk and share
things with each other.
D. Not only there is always conflict between parents and children, but they still should talk and
share things with each other.
Question 8: Your parents will help you with the problem. You should tell them the story.
A. Because your parents will help you with the problem, you should tell them the story.
B. Your parents will help you with the problem since you should tell them the story.
C. If your parents will help you with the problem, you should tell them the story.
D. Your parents will help you with the problem because you should tell them the story.
Question 9: Unemployment rate is high. This makes many children move back to their parents'
house.
A. Many children move back to their parents' house, which makes high unemployment rate.
B. High unemployment rate forces many children to move back to their parents' house.
C. Moving back to their parents' house suggests that the unemployment rate is high.
D. It is necessary to move back to your parents' house if unemployment rate is high.
Question 10: She is an honest person. She is also a very friendly one.
A. She is an honest but friendly person.
B. She is not only an honest but also a very friendly person.
C. Though she is a honest person, she is friendly.
D. Being honest is necessary to become friendly.
Question 11: "I have never been to Russia. I think I shall go there next year.” said Bill.
A. Bill said that he had never been to Russia and he thought he would go there the next year.
B. Bill said that he would have never been to Russia and he thinks he would go there the next
year.
C. Bill said that he had never been to Russia and he thinks he will go there the next year.
D. Bill said that he has never been to Russia and he thinks he would go there the next year.
Question 12: People believed that Jane retired because of her poor health.
A. Jane is believed to have retired because of her poor health.
B. Jane was believed to have retired because of her poor health.
C. It is believed that Jane retired because of her poor health.
D. Jane retired because of her poor health was believed.
Question 13: The government knows the extent of the problem. The government needs to take
action soon.
A. The government knows the extent of the problem whereas it needs to take action soon.
B. The government knows the extent of the problem so that it needs to take action soon.
C. Knowing the extent of the problem, the government needs to take action soon.
D. The government knows the extent of the problem, or else it needs to take action soon.
Question 14: The substance is very toxic. Protective clothing must be worn at all times.
A. Since the substance is very toxic, so protective clothing must be worn at all times.
B. So toxic is the substance that protective clothing must be worn at all times.
C. The substance is such toxic that protective clothing must be worn at all times.
D. The substance is too toxic to wear protective clothing at all times.
Question 15: John is studying hard. He doesn’t want to fail the exam.
A. John is studying hard in order not to fail the next exam
b. john is studying hard in order that he not fail the next exam
C. John is studying hard so as to fail the next exam
D. John is studying hard in order to not to fail the next exam

“Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.”
Nelson Mandela