SOLUTION: 

 
and are consecutive interior angles of lines
3-5 Proving Lines Parallel and m. Since , || m by the
Converse of Consecutive Interior Angles Theorem.

Given the following information, determine 5. SHORT RESPONSE Find x so that m || n. Show
which lines, if any, are parallel. State the your work.
postulate or theorem that justifies your answer.

SOLUTION:  
1.  angle and  angle are alternate
exterior angles of lines m and n. Since
SOLUTION:   m || n,   by the Converse of
and are corresponding angles of lines j and k. Alternate Exterior Angles Theorem.
Since ,  
j || k by the Converse of Corresponding Angles Solve for x.
Postulate.

2. 
SOLUTION:  
and are alternate interior angles of lines j and
k. Since ,
j || k by the Converse of Alternate Interior Angles
Theorem.

3.  6. PROOF Copy and complete the proof of Theorem

3.5.
SOLUTION:  
and are alternate exterior angles of lines
and m. Since , || m by the Converse of
Alternate Exterior Angles Theorem.

4. m 6 + m 8 = 180 Given:

Prove:
SOLUTION:  
Proof:
and are consecutive interior angles of lines
and m. Since , || m by the
Converse of Consecutive Interior Angles Theorem.

5. SHORT RESPONSE Find x so that m || n. Show

your work.

SOLUTION:  

SOLUTION:  
angle and  angle are alternate
exterior angles of lines m and n. Since
m || n,   by the Converse of
Alternate Exterior Angles Theorem. 7. RECREATION Is it possible to prove that the
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero
  backrest and footrest of the lounging beach chairPage
are 1
Solve for x. parallel? If so, explain how. If not, explain why not.
 SOLUTION:  
and are alternate interior angles of lines r and
s. Since ,
3-5 Proving Lines Parallel r || s by the Converse of Alternate Interior Angles
Theorem.

7. RECREATION Is it possible to prove that the 11. 

backrest and footrest of the lounging beach chair are
parallel? If so, explain how. If not, explain why not. SOLUTION:  
and are consecutive interior angles of lines r
and s. Since ,
r || s by the Converse of Consecutive Interior Angles
Theorem.

12. 
SOLUTION:  
and are consecutive interior angles of lines r
SOLUTION:  
and s. Since ,
Sample answer: Yes; since the alternate exterior
r || s by the Converse of Consecutive Interior Angles
angles are congruent, the backrest and footrest are
Theorem.
parallel.

Given the following information, determine 13. 

which lines, if any, are parallel. State the SOLUTION:  
postulate or theorem that justifies your answer.
and are alternate interior angles of lines u
and v. Since ,
u || v by the Converse of Alternate Interior Angles
Theorem.

14. 
SOLUTION:  
8.  No lines can be proven parallel.

SOLUTION:   15. 
and are corresponding angles of lines r and s. SOLUTION:  
Since ,
and are corresponding angles of lines r and s.
r || s by the Converse of Corresponding Angles
Since ,
Postulate.
r || s by the Converse of Corresponding Angles
Postulate.
9. 
Find x so that m || n. Identify the postulate or
SOLUTION:   theorem you used.
and are alternate exterior angles of lines
and m. Since , || m by the Converse of
Alternate Exterior Angles Theorem.

10.  16. 
SOLUTION:   SOLUTION:  
and are alternate interior angles of lines r and By the Alternate Exterior Angles Converse, if 3x –
s. Since , 14 = 2x + 25, then m || n.
r || s by the Converse of Alternate Interior Angles  
Theorem. Solve for x.

11. 
SOLUTION:  
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 2
and are consecutive interior angles of lines r
and s. Since ,
 SOLUTION:  
and are corresponding angles of lines r and s.
Since ,
3-5 Proving Lines
r || s by the Parallel
Converse of Corresponding Angles
Postulate.

Find x so that m || n. Identify the postulate or

theorem you used.

18. 

16.  SOLUTION:  
By the Alternate Interior Angles Converse, if 21 + 2x
SOLUTION:   = x + 84, then m || n.
By the Alternate Exterior Angles Converse, if 3x –  
14 = 2x + 25, then m || n. Solve for x.
 
Solve for x.

17. 
19. 
SOLUTION:  
SOLUTION:  
By the Converse of Corresponding Angles Postulate,
By the Consecutive Interior Angles Converse, if 7x –
if 5x – 20 = 90, then m || n.
2 + 10 – 3x = 180, then m || n.
 
 
Solve for x.
Solve for x.

18. 
SOLUTION:  
By the Alternate Interior Angles Converse, if 21 + 2x
= x + 84, then m || n. 20. 
 
Solve for x. SOLUTION:  
Use the Vertical Angle Theorem followed by
Consecutive Interior Angles Converse to find x.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 3

3-5 Proving Lines Parallel
 

21. 
20. 
SOLUTION:  
SOLUTION:  
By the Alternate Exterior Angles Converse, if 6x –
Use the Vertical Angle Theorem followed by 144 = 2x, then m || n. 
Consecutive Interior Angles Converse to find x. Solve for x.
 

Then by Consecutive Interior Angles Converse, if 3x

+ 2x + 45 = 180, then m || n. 
 
Solve for x. 
22. CCSS SENSE-MAKING Wooden picture frames
are often constructed using a miter box or miter saw.
These tools allow you to cut at an angle of a given
size. If each of the four pieces of framing material is
cut at a 45° angle, will the sides of the frame be 
parallel? Explain your reasoning.
SOLUTION:  
Yes; when two pieces are put together, they form a
  90° angle. Two lines that are perpendicular to the 
same line are parallel.

23. PROOF Copy and complete the proof of Theorem

3.6.

21. 
SOLUTION:  
By the Alternate Exterior Angles Converse, if 6x –
144 = 2x, then m || n.  Given: ∠1 and ∠2 are supplementary.
Solve for x. Prove:
 

 
SOLUTION:  

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 4

 SOLUTION:   SOLUTION:  
Yes; when two pieces are put together, they form a Since the corners are right angles, each pair of
90° angle. Two lines that are perpendicular to the 
3-5 Proving Lines Parallel opposite sides is perpendicular to the same line.
same line are parallel. Therefore, each pair of opposite sides is parallel.

23. PROOF Copy and complete the proof of Theorem PROOF Write a two-column proof for each of
3.6. the following.
25. Given:
           
Prove:

Given: ∠1 and ∠2 are supplementary.

Prove:

SOLUTION:  
Proof:
Statements (Reasons)
1. ,  (Given)
 
2.  (Corr.   postulate)
SOLUTION:   3.  (Trans. Prop.)
4.  (If alternate   are  , then lines are
.)

26. Given:
           
24. CRAFTS Jacqui is making a stained glass piece. Prove:
She cuts the top and bottom pieces at a 30° angle. If 
the corners are right angles, explain how Jacqui
knows that each pair of opposite sides are parallel.

SOLUTION:  
Proof:
Statements (Reasons)
1.   2   3 (Given)
SOLUTION:  
2. 2 and 4 are supplementary. (Cons. Int. s)
Since the corners are right angles, each pair of
3. m∠2 + m∠4 = 180 (Def. of suppl. ∠s)
opposite sides is perpendicular to the same line.
Therefore, each pair of opposite sides is parallel. 4. m∠3  + m∠4 = 180 (Substitution)
5. ∠3 and ∠4 are supplementary. (Def. of suppl.
PROOF Write a two-column proof for each of ∠s)
the following. 6.  (If cons. int.  s are suppl., then lines
25. Given: are .)
             
Prove:
27. Given:
           
Prove:

SOLUTION:  
Proof:
Statements (Reasons)
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 5
1. ,  (Given)
2.  (Corr.   postulate) SOLUTION:  
 Statements (Reasons)
∠s)
6.  (If cons. int.  s are suppl., then lines 1. ,  (Given)
are .) Lines Parallel
3-5 Proving 2.  (If alt. int.  are , then lines are .)
  3.  (Perpendicular Transversal Theorem)

27. Given: 29. MAILBOXES Mail slots are used to make the

            organization and distribution of mail easier. In the
Prove: mail slots shown, each slot is perpendicular to each
of the sides. Explain why you can conclude that the
slots are parallel.
Refer to Page 212.
SOLUTION:  
The Converse of the Perpendicular Transversal
Theorem states that two coplanar lines perpendicular
SOLUTION:   to the same line are parallel. Since the slots are
Proof: perpendicular to each of the sides, the slots are
Statements (Reasons) parallel. Since any pair of slots is perpendicular the
1.  ,   (Given) sides, they are also parallel.
2.  (Def. of  )
30. PROOF Write a paragraph proof of Theorem 3.8.
3.  (Substitution)
4. and  are supplementary. (Def. of  SOLUTION:  
suppl. ) Given:
5.  (If consec. int.  are suppl., then lines Prove:
are .)

28. Given:
            
Prove:

Proof:
SOLUTION:   Since  and  , the measures of angle 1 and
Proof: angle 2 are 90. Since  and   have the same 
Statements (Reasons) measure, they are congruent. By the converse of
1. ,  (Given) Corresponding Angles Postulate, .
2.  (If alt. int.  are , then lines are .)
31. PROOF Write a two-column proof of Theorem 3.7.
3.  (Perpendicular Transversal Theorem)
SOLUTION:  
29. MAILBOXES Mail slots are used to make the Given:
organization and distribution of mail easier. In the Prove:
mail slots shown, each slot is perpendicular to each
of the sides. Explain why you can conclude that the
slots are parallel.
Refer to Page 212.
SOLUTION:  
The Converse of the Perpendicular Transversal
Theorem states that two coplanar lines perpendicular
to the same line are parallel. Since the slots are
perpendicular to each of the sides, the slots are Proof:
parallel. Since any pair of slots is perpendicular the Statements (Reasons)
sides, they are also parallel. 1.  (Given)
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 6
2.  (Vertical  s are )
30. PROOF Write a paragraph proof of Theorem 3.8.
3.  (Transitive Prop.)
SOLUTION:   4.  (If corr   are  , then lines are .)
 Proof:
SOLUTION:  
Since  and  , the measures of angle 1 and
angle 2 are 90. Since  and   have the same  r || s; Sample answer: The corresponding angles are
measure, they are congruent. By the converse of congruent. Since the measures of angles are equal,
3-5 Proving Lines Parallel the lines are parallel.
Corresponding Angles Postulate, .

31. PROOF Write a two-column proof of Theorem 3.7.

SOLUTION:  
Given:
Prove:
34. 
SOLUTION:  
r || s; Sample answer: The alternate exterior angles
are congruent. Since the measures of angles are
equal, the lines are parallel.

Proof:
Statements (Reasons)
1.  (Given) 35. 
2.  (Vertical  s are )
3.  (Transitive Prop.) SOLUTION:  
4.  (If corr   are  , then lines are .) r || s; Sample answer: The alternate exterior angles
are congruent. Since the measures of angles are
32. CCSS REASONING Based upon the information equal, the lines are parallel.
given in the photo of the staircase, what is the
relationship between each step? Explain your 36. MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS In this
answer. problem, you will explore the shortest distance
Refer to Page 212. between two parallel lines.
a. GEOMETRIC Draw three sets of parallel lines
SOLUTION:   k and , s and t, and x and y. For each set, draw the
Each step is parallel to each other because the
shortest segment  and label points A and D as
corresponding angles are congruent.
shown below.
Determine whether lines r and s are parallel.
Justify your answer.

b. TABULAR Copy the table below, measure

ABC and BCD, and complete the table.

33. 
SOLUTION:  
r || s; Sample answer: The corresponding angles are
congruent. Since the measures of angles are equal,
the lines are parallel. c. VERBAL Make a conjecture about the angle the
shortest segment forms with both parallel lines.
SOLUTION:  
a.

34. 
SOLUTION:  
r || s;Manual
eSolutions Sample answer:
- Powered The alternate exterior angles
by Cognero Page 7
are congruent. Since the measures of angles are
equal, the lines are parallel.
 SOLUTION:  
r || s; Sample answer: The alternate exterior angles
are congruent.
3-5 Proving Lines Since the measures of angles are
Parallel c. Sample answer: The angle that the segment forms
equal, the lines are parallel. with the parallel lines will always measure 90.

36. MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS In this 37. ERROR ANALYSIS Sumi and Daniela are

problem, you will explore the shortest distance determining which lines are parallel in the figure at
between two parallel lines. the right. Sumi says that since 1  
a. GEOMETRIC Draw three sets of parallel lines 2,    Daniela disagrees and says that 
k and , s and t, and x and y. For each set, draw the
since 1   2,  Is either of them 
shortest segment  and label points A and D as correct? Explain.
shown below.

b. TABULAR Copy the table below, measure

ABC and BCD, and complete the table. SOLUTION:  
Daniela;  and are alternate interior angles for
and , so if alternate interior angles are
congruent, then the lines are parallel.

38. CCSS REASONING Is Theorem 3.8 still true if the

c. VERBAL Make a conjecture about the angle the two lines are not coplanar? Draw a figure to justify
shortest segment forms with both parallel lines. your answer..
SOLUTION:   SOLUTION:  
a. No; sample answer: In the figure shown,
 and   but 

39. CHALLENGE Use the figure to prove that two

lines parallel to a third line are parallel to each other.

b.

SOLUTION:  
c. Sample answer: The angle that the segment forms Given: a || b and b || c
with the parallel lines will always measure 90. Prove: a || c
Proof:
37. ERROR ANALYSIS Sumi and Daniela are
Statements (Reasons)
determining which lines are parallel in the figure at
1. a || b and b || c (Given)
the right. Sumi says that since 1  
2. ∠1 ∠3 (Alternate Interior ∠'s Theorem)
2,    Daniela disagrees and says that  3. ∠3 ∠2 (Vertical. ∠'s are )
since 1   2,  Is either of them  4. ∠2 ∠4 (Alternate Interior. ∠'s Theorem)
correct?
eSolutions Explain.
Manual - Powered by Cognero 5. ∠1 ∠4 (Trans. Prop.) Page 8

6. a || c (Alternate Interior. ∠'s Converse Theorem)

 
  .  was copied to construct . So,
. and are
3-5 Proving Lines Parallel corresponding angles, so by the converse of
corresponding angles postulate,

39. CHALLENGE Use the figure to prove that two 41. CHALLENGE Refer to the figure at the right.
lines parallel to a third line are parallel to each other. a. If m 1 + m 2 = 180, prove that a || c.
b. Given that a || c, if m 1 + m 3 = 180, prove that
t ⊥ c.

SOLUTION:  
Given: a || b and b || c
Prove: a || c SOLUTION:  
Proof:
a. We know that . Since and
Statements (Reasons)
1. a || b and b || c (Given) are linear pairs, . By
2. ∠1 ∠3 (Alternate Interior ∠'s Theorem) substitution, . By
3. ∠3 ∠2 (Vertical. ∠'s are ) subtracting from both sides we get
4. ∠2 ∠4 (Alternate Interior. ∠'s Theorem) . , by the definition of
5. ∠1 ∠4 (Trans. Prop.) congruent angles. Therefore,  since the 
6. a || c (Alternate Interior. ∠'s Converse Theorem) corresponding angles are congruent.
  b. We know that  and  . Since
and  are corresponding angles, they are
40. OPEN ENDED Draw a triangle ABC. congruent and their measures are equal. By
a. Construct the line parallel to  through point A. substitution, . By dividing both
b. Use measurement to justify that the line you sides by 2, we get . Therefore, since
constructed is parallel to . they form a right angle.
c. Use mathematics to justify this construction.
42. WRITING IN MATH Summarize the five methods
SOLUTION:   used in this lesson to prove that two lines are parallel.
a. SOLUTION:  
Sample answer: Use a pair of alternate exterior
angles that are
congruent and cut by transversal; show that a pair of
consecutive interior angles are supplementary; show
that alternate interior angles are congruent; show two
coplanar lines are perpendicular to same line; show
corresponding angles are congruent.

b. Sample answer: Using a straightedge, the lines are 43. WRITING IN MATH Can a pair of angles be
equidistant. So they are parallel. supplementary and congruent?
c. Sample answer: Explain your reasoning.
 is a transversal for   and 
 .  was copied to construct . So, SOLUTION:  
. and are Yes; sample answer: A pair of angles can be both
corresponding angles, so by the converse of supplementary and congruent if the measure of both
corresponding angles postulate, angles is 90, since the sum of the angle measures
would be 180.
41. CHALLENGE Refer to the figure at the right. 44. Which of the following facts would be sufficient to
a. If m 1 + m 2 = 180, prove that a || c.
prove that line d is parallel to
b. Given that a || c, if m 1 + m 3 = 180, prove that
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 9
t ⊥ c.
 SOLUTION:  
Yes; sample answer: A pair of angles can be both
supplementary and congruent if the measure of both
angles is Lines
3-5 Proving 90, since the sum of the angle measures
Parallel
would be 180. So, the correct option is G.

44. Which of the following facts would be sufficient to 46. What is the approximate surface area of the figure?
prove that line d is parallel to

2
A 101.3 in
A
B B 108 in2
2
C C 202.5 in
D D 216 in2
SOLUTION:   SOLUTION:  
The formula for finding the surface area of a prism is
If line d is parallel to the line through then with
.
the transversals of , the alternate interior angles S = total surface area,  h = height of a solid, B =
must be congruent. Thus . area of the base, P = perimeter of the base
 
Since the base of the prism is a rectangle, the
perimeter P of the base is  or 27 inches. 
The area of the base B is
or 40.5  square inches. The height is 5 
cinches.
 
Thus B is the correct choice.

45. ALGEBRA The expression  is 

equivalent to
F  13
 
G
The surface area of the prism is 216 square inches.
H So, the correct option is D.
J
2 2
47. SAT/ACT If x = 25 and y = 9, what is the greatest
SOLUTION:   2
possible value of (x – y) ?
F  4
G 58
H 64
J   70
SOLUTION:  
So, the correct option is G.
First solve for x and y.
46. What is the approximate surface area of the figure?

2
A 101.3 in
B 108 in2
2
C 202.5 in
2 Next, find the greatest possible value. Substituting
Page -10
D 216
eSolutions in - Powered by Cognero
Manual
5 and 3 for x and y, respectively, leads to the
SOLUTION:  
greatest positive number. Another solution is to
 y – y 1 = m(x – x1)
y – 0.5 = 2.5 (x – 0)
 
y – 0.5 = 2.5 x
The surface
3-5 Proving areaParallel
Lines of the prism is 216 square inches.
y  = 2.5x + 0.5
So, the correct option is D.
2 2
47. SAT/ACT If x = 25 and y = 9, what is the greatest 49. 
2
possible value of (x – y) ?
F  4 SOLUTION:  
G 58 Substitute the point and the slope in point-slope form.
H 64 y – y 1 = m(x – x1)
J   70
SOLUTION:  
First solve for x and y.

50. 

SOLUTION:  
Substitute the point and the slope in point-slope form.
Next, find the greatest possible value. Substituting - y – y 1 = m(x – x1)
5 and 3 for x and y, respectively, leads to the
greatest positive number. Another solution is to
substitute 5 and -3 for x and y .

The correct choice is H. 51. ROAD TRIP Anne is driving 400 miles to visit
Niagara Falls. She manages to travel the first 100
Write an equation in slope-intercept form of the
miles of her trip in two hours. If she continues at this
line having the given slope and y-intercept.
rate, how long will it take her to drive the remaining
48. m: 2.5, (0, 0.5) distance?
SOLUTION:   SOLUTION:  
Substitute the point and the slope in point-slope form. Write a ratio to represent the time taken to travel 100
y – y 1 = m(x – x1)
miles:
y – 0.5 = 2.5 (x – 0)
The time needed to travel the remaining 300
y – 0.5 = 2.5 x
y  = 2.5x + 0.5 miles will be  .

Find a counterexample to show that each

49.  conjecture is false.
52. Given: 1 and 2 are complementary angles.
SOLUTION:   Conjecture: 1 and 2 form a right angle.
Substitute the point and the slope in point-slope form.
y – y 1 = m(x – x1) SOLUTION:  

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 11

53. Given: points W, X, Y, and Z
Conjecture: W, X, Y, and Z are noncollinear.
 miles:
The time needed to travel the remaining 300  
3-5 Proving Lines Parallel
miles will be  .
2
The area of the circle is about 50.3 in .

Find a counterexample to show that each

conjecture is false.
52. Given: 1 and 2 are complementary angles. 55. 
Conjecture: 1 and 2 form a right angle.
SOLUTION:  
SOLUTION:    
The perimeter of a rectangle with length and w is P
= 2( + w).
Substitute.

53. Given: points W, X, Y, and Z

Conjecture: W, X, Y, and Z are noncollinear.
SOLUTION:  
The perimeter of the rectangle is 8.6 m.
 
b. The area of a rectangle with length and width w
is A = w.
Find the perimeter or circumference and area of  
each figure. Round to the nearest tenth. Substitute.

54.  2
The area of the rectangle is about 3.5 m .
SOLUTION:  
The circumference of a circle with radius r is given
by C = 2πr.
The radius of the circle is 4 in.
  56. 
Substitute 4 for r. SOLUTION:  
Use the Pythagorean Theorem to find the missing
lengths.
 
The circumference of the circle is about 25.1 in. Let x and y be the missing lengths.
 
2
The area of a circle with radius r is given by A = πr .
 
Substitute 4 for r.

 
2
The area of the circle is about 50.3 in .

    

55. 
 
SOLUTION:  
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Add all the sides to find the perimeter of a triangle.
Page 12
   
The perimeter of a rectangle with length and w is P
= 2( + w).
3-5 Proving Lines Parallel  
2 2
The area of the rectangle is about 3.5 m . The area of the triangle is 12 cm .

57. Find x and y so that  and   are perpendicular.

56. 
SOLUTION:  
Use the Pythagorean Theorem to find the missing
lengths.
  SOLUTION:  
Let x and y be the missing lengths. Use the Definition of Complementary Angles to find
x. 

 
Use the Definition of a Right Angle to find y. 

    

 
Add all the sides to find the perimeter of a triangle.
 

 
The perimeter of the triangle is 16 cm.
The area of a triangle with base b and height h is
given by .
 
Here the base is 6 cm and height is 4 cm.

 
2
The area of the triangle is 12 cm .

57. Find x and y so that  and   are perpendicular.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 13

SOLUTION: