Observation is an important aspect of -descriptive

systematic investigation because it sets the pace -data quantification

for any research. -focuses on nature of problem
-a research method that makes use of subjective
Quantitative observation (objective) parameters for data gathering.
-focuses on numerical values no matter the -time-consuming, extensive and personal
nature -open ended questionnaire
-an objective method of data analysis that -5 sensory organs
measures research variables using numerical Characteristics:
and statistical parameters. ● no right, wrong or definite answer. The
-standardized observation more dynamic the data sample is, the
-yields more accurate results than qualitative better the research outcome.
● The context of research influences
observation
information, outcomes, and findings.
-close-ended questions ● subjective in nature.
-Surveys, questionnaires, and polls ● considers every research process
Characteristics: differently regardless of any similarities
● It is definite with previous studies.
● Fixed Findings
● Research Sample Size Data Collection Tools
● Reduced Research Biases -online forums
● Reduced Research Biases -web survey chats
-groups
Data Collection Tools
-online communities
-Online
-Mail -in depth interviews
-Phone
-Face to face Importance of Data Collection
● Integrity of the Research
● Reduce the likelihood of errors
What is Research? ● Decision Making
-to search again ● Save Cost and Time
-to examine ● To support a need for a new idea,
change, and/or innovation
Nursing Research
-a scientific process that validates and defines
Types of Research
existing and generates new knowledge that
Applied
influences nursing practice.
-finding solutions to problems
-began in 19th century (nightingale)
Basic or Pure
Clinical Research
-generating new knowledge
-major focus of nursing research
Florence Nightingale
-sanitation
-research:
1. Ventilation
2. Cleanliness
3. Purity of water
4. Healthy diet
-statistic and graphs to present results
-crimean war 1853-1856

Qualitative observation (subjective)

Years QUIZ 1
1900 - American Journal of Nursing 1st publish Which of the following historical events established
1920-1930 - case studies reported in 1960?
1920 - graduate programs Ans: International Journal of Nursing Studies
1940 - research by nurses
Which of the following are historical events of
1950- ANA 5 year study
nursing research in 1970s EXCEPT:
1952- nursing research published
Ans: International Journal of Nursing Studies
1953 - Institute for Research and Service in
Nursing Education
In which way did Florence Nightingale contribute to
1963- International Journal of Nursing Studies evidence-based practice?
1967- SIgma Theta Tau image published Ans: She gathered data that changed the care of
hospitalized soldiers.
1970- ANA commission on Nursing Research
1972- Council of Nurse researchers est A researcher investigates the effects of frequency
1978- Advances in Nursing science of position change on healing of decubitus ulcers/
1978- Research in nursing and health
this study would be described as:
1979- Western Journal of Nursing Research
Ans: Applied research

1982-83 - CURN
1983 - Annual Review of Nursing Research The following are historical events of Nursing
1985 - NCNR research in 1950s EXCEPT:
1987 - Scholarly Inquiry for Nursing Practice Ans: American Journal of Nursing first publication
1988 - Applied Nursing Research and Nursing
Science Quarterly The following are historical events of Nursing
1989 - Agency for healthcare policy and Research from 1900 through the 1940s EXCEPT:
Research (AHCPR) Ans: American Nurses Association began a study

1992 - Clinical Nursing Research

Applied research seeks to solve a clinical problem
1993 - NINR National Institute of Nursing
in which setting?
Research
Ans: Natural
1993 - Journal of Nursing Management
1994 - Qualitative Health Research
1999 - AACN American Association of College Which of the following historical events had a major
Nursing impact on the funding for nursing research?
Ans: Formation of the National Institute for Nursing
2000 - Healthy People 2010 Research
2004 - Worldviews of Evidence-based Nursing
2005 - AHRQ Agency for healthcare Research Florence Nightingale is most noted for which of the
and Quality following contributions to nursing research?
2005 - NINR National Institute of Nursing Ans: Data collection and analysis
Research: home

Which of the following are historical events in

1980s of nursing research EXCEPT:
Ans: Journal of Nursing Measurement established
 practice would demonstrate which of the
QUIZ 2 following research roles?
Identify the research method of the given Ans: Consumer
types of research: Ethnographic Research
Ans: Qualitative Research

Identify the research method of the given

types of research: Phenomenological Quantitative and qualitative research
Research approaches are particularly useful in nursing
Ans: Qualitative Research because they:
Ans: balance each other
Identify the research method of the given
types of research: Grounded Theory Research An example of inductive reasoning is:
Ans: Qualitative Research Ans: going from a single diabetic patient to all
diabetic patients
Identify the research method of the given
types of research: Historical Research A research study investigating the benefits of
Ans: Qualitative Research ambulation following cesarean section would
be an example of which type of research
Identify the research method of the given evidence?
types of research: Correlational Research Ans: Description
Ans:Quantitative Research
What is the main purpose of studying research
Identify the research method of the given for a BSN student?
types of research: Experimental Ans: To understand the basic principles of
Quantitative Research research

Identify the research method of the given A study was conducted to determine which
types of research: Quasi-Experimental palliative care measures patients prefer.
Ans: Quantitative Research Statistical analysis revealed that most of them
ranked evening back rubs and calming music
Identify the research method of the given the highest in helpfulness. This research
types of research: Descriptive Research would most likely fall under which of the
Ans: Quantitative Research following categories?
Ans: Quantitative research
Identify the research method of the given
types of research: Descriptive-Correlational A research study validates the positive effect
Ans: Quantitative Research that a nursing intervention, patient journaling,
has on decreasing spiritual distress during
Identify the research method of the given cancer recovery. This would be an example of
types of research: Experimental Research which type of research evidence?
Ans: Quantitative Research Ans: Control

A nurse who reads research articles and What knowledge is required to fully define
incorporates research findings into nursing nursing research?
Ans: A determination of what nurses need to • reads research reports, critiques the report, and
know to provide the best patient care makes decisions about incorporating research
into practice.

The primary purpose of nursing research is to: Client Advocates in Research

Ans: generate scientific knowledge to guide -explain to clients involved in study
nursing practice -provide support

Respondent of the Study

-improve nursing practice

Responsibilities of a beginning Nurse

Hypothesis Researcher
-answer you think you’ll find • Engaged in Nursing or Health Related
Prediction Research
-belief about the scientific data • Evaluate a Research Study/ Report
• Applies the Research Process on Improving
Description Patient Care
-Arslanian-engoren-scott (ventilation)
-Enables nurses to DESCRIBE the BSN Researcher Role
characteristics of a particular nursing situation • Identify research problems
about which little is known. • Assist with data collection
• Critique research studies
Explanation •Summarize research findings for use in practice
-Pronk et.al
-TO EXPLAIN phenomena that must be Ways of Acquiring Knowledge in Nursing
considered in planning nursing care • Traditions
-customs, trends
Prediction -limited knowledge
-Defloor (2000)
-To PREDICT the probable outcomes of certain • Authority
nursing decisions -knowledge obtained from authority
-people w power & expertise influence opinions &
Control behavior
-Chouinard and Robichaud, ekstrand (2005)
-To CONTROL the occurrence of undesired • Borrowing
outcomes -technology on nursing practice
-To initiate activities to promote desired client -disciplines: tech, sociology, medicine, psych,
behavior. physio, educ

Roles of Nurse in Research •Trial and error

Primary investigator -trying interventions until one works
• leads a research team in the completion of a
study. • Personal experience
-learning from experience
Collaborator -NACPE
• is someone who works closely with the primary
investigator in conducting a research study. • Role modeling
-imitating experts
Producer of Research
• conduct studies to generate and refine the • Intuition
knowledge needed for nursing practice. -”gut-feeling”

Research Consumer • Reasoning

-arguments given to reach conclusions
Types:
Inductive - specific to general
Deductive - general to specific