CAMBRIDGE | #Discovery Ua al 4 READING & WRITING SKILLS v7 Richard O'Neill STUDENT'S BOOK UNLOCK wir QAGNLK worxsooK “haUNLOC SO RNS eee Solo 2 Foe RORY Reade & Wiig Students Books 1-4 Unlock your potential and prepare for 4 academic success with this motivating research-based course, © Exciting video from Discovery Education” provides new angles on arrange of academic topics. 1 saa 699 2 Afesapedrocncttnine — TE provides the tools needed to generate 7 ave individual ideas and opinions } < © Unique corpus research helps avoid the is 4 most common ertors and provides the ny academic language needed to succeed. Seta | a tier Speaking Students Books = ‘www.cambridge.org/untock 1 ssnane ose Stren CEFR eet vets aan: The Canoga ngs Cops Ei ee Corunna vorncambrdge rg/erpss s 4 ig iy fay Rn fa = 2 ra ro © - a S| Pe 6 7 ge CAMBRIDGE Raley a0) (Ee System Requirements Ferenc oped ti tne foloving ster brown and eves indo edo ta Wea Winder iereeceennrprctiempen®, Seana hsmandoatt) JN ABSA SERB them weep fs Sgro ete ceri gol ect mp led verona fence aman Sos downlod pean Sesion aCAMBRIDGE | @Discovery DUcATION: UNLOCK READING & WRITING SKILLS 2 Richard O'Neill CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESSCAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS ‘University Printing House, Cambridge cx2 885, United Kingdom (Cambridge University Pres is part of the University of Cambridge. Ik furthers the University’s misstoa by disseminating knowledge inthe pursuit of| education, learning and rescarch tthe highes international levels of excellence. woewecambridge org Information on this tle: www.cambridge.ory/9781107614000 (© Cambridge University Press 2014 Content and images which are © Discovery Communications, LLC are reproduced here under license, ‘This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and tthe provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the wetten permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2014 Sth printing 2015 Printed in China by Golden Cup Printing Ca. Ltd A catalogue record for this publication is availabe from the British Library Ison 978-1-107-61400-0 Reading and Writing 2 Students Book with Online Workbook 1soN 978-1-107-61403-1 Reading and Writing 2 Teacher’ Book with DVD 1s8N 978-1-107-68252-0 Listening and Speaking 2 Students Book with Online Workbook ssn 978-1-107-64280-5 Listening and Speaking 2 Teacher's Book with DVD. ‘Additional resources for this publication at www:cambridgeorg/unlock ‘Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy ‘of URLs for external or third-pasty internet websites refered to in this publication, and doesnot guarantee that any content on such website is, or will emain, accurate or appropriate. Information regarding prices, travel timetables and other {factual information given inthis work is correct atthe time of first printing but ‘Cambridge University Press does not guarantee the accuracy of such information thereafte,CONTENTS Map of the book Introduction UNIT] UNIT2 Places Festivals and celebrations UNIT3 School and education UNIT 4 The internet and technology UNITS Language and communication UNIT 6 Weather and climate UNIT7 Sports and competition UNITS Business UNITS People UNITIO Space and the universe Glossary Video script Acknowledgements 104MAP OF THE BOOK 1 PLACES Reading I: Rise of the megacities (Geography| Reading 2: Homestay holidays {ravel and Tourism) 2 FESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONS Reading Celebrate! Sociology) Reading 2: Muscat Festival (Cultural Studies) Festivals: Areading 3 SCHOOL AND EDUCATION Reading : La Masia: the best footballersin the world (Education) Reading 2: My Princeford experience Education) The rise of social media 4 THE INTERNET AND TECHNOLOGY Reading I: Someone's aways watching you online .. (information Technology) Reading 2: Video games (information Technology) 5 LANGUAGE AND The COMMUNICATION | Spperane Reading Wing systems (Linguistics) Reading 2: Language change: a study guide (Linguistics) Key reading skit: Scanning for numbers Understanding key vocabulary Making predictions Reading for man ideas Reading for detail Scanning to find information Working out meaning Scanning to predict content Making inferences Key reading skit Previewing Understanding key vocabulary Reading for main ideas Reading for detail Recognizing text type Scanning to predict content Recognizing text type Key reading skit Skimming Understanding key vocabulary Using visuals to predict content Reading for man ideas Reading for detail Understanding discourse Making inferences Previewing Using your knowledge Key reading skit Maling inferences Scanning to predict content Reading for man ideas Reading for detal Understanding key vocabulary Identifying type Key reading kit Reading for main ideas Understanding key vocabulary Using your knowledge Reading for man ideas Reating for detail Recognizing text type Scanning to predict content Maing inferences UNLOCK READING AND WRITING SKILLS 2 paces (eg. exciting, interesting, polluted, noisy, ‘Vocabulary to describe festivals (eg. lucky, culture, twaditional, history, ‘iehlights) Vocabulary to describe ‘education (eg. o principal, o lecturer, a lb, a graducte, an office) ‘Vocabulary to describe the internet and technology (eg.an online game, a ‘computer program, a chat room. internet banking. 2 Vocabulary to escrbe language and communication eg. sign, symbol information, ‘money, word)subject + verb + Thereis/ There ore Prepesitions of tme and place:on, in, ot Adverbs of frequency {Grammar for writing 2: + Sentence structure 2: subject and vetb order + Prepositiona phrases Education nouns Plural nouns Grammar for writing. + Subject pronouns + because and so ‘Compound nouns: Giving opinions ‘Grammar for writing: + and, oso and too + butand however CCourtable and uncountable nouns: Articles: 0, an or no article Grammar for writing: + Quantifers: some, many, alot of, a few, alittle + Undentand the dfferences ‘Academic writing sil: between two texts + Capital letters and fullstops + Evalvate information using a Wiriting tosk ype: Tchart + Analyze positives and negatives using a T-chart + Create your own T-chart to ‘organize your ideas Write descriptive sentences. Writing task Describe the place where you lve. Write about the positives and negatives. + Apply your knowledge toa ‘Academic writing skills: ‘alendhr + Paragraph organization t: organizing + Evaluate events inyour country sentences into a paragraph from a outsiders point of ew Writing task + Create a spider diagram to organize Wie dec eoapeweeen Hess Weetng tase Describe a festival or special event. + Remember information from texts Academie writing skills: + Analyze information in your notes + Paragraph organization 2: topic and + Createa wh- chart to organize supporting sentences information Wilting osk type: ‘Write a descriptive paragraph. Writing task Describe your education. “Analyze an estay question Academic writing sil: + Evaluate advantages and * Topic sentences disadvantages Writing task ype: ‘+ Create your ownlist of advantages Viritea one-sided opinion paragraph. and disadvantages Writing task: ‘The internet has made our lives better. Do you agree or disagree? + Evaluate ideas and examplesusing Academie writing skill ‘anideas map + Supporting sentences + Create your own ideas and + Giving examples: ike, such os ané for examples/evidence exomple Writing task type: Write a descriptive paragraph. Writing task How is your language different from 50 years ago? Describe the way that people speak and write your language has changed. UNLOCK READING ANOWRITING SKLLS 26 WEATHER AND CLIMATE Reading Extreme weather (Geography) Reading 2 Survivin the Sea of sand {Environmental Science) 7 SPORTS AND COMPETITION Reading Ife strange sports {Sports Science) Reading 2: Tough man:a race to the limit {Sports Science) 8 BUSINESS Reading I: Are you ready for the world of work? (Human Resources) Reading 2: You can choose your Business) 9 PEOPLE Reading I: Respect! (Seciology) Reading 2: People| admire (Sociology) 10 SPACE AND THE. UNIVERSE Reading I Alien Planet (Space Science) Reading 2: Life on other planets (Space Science) ‘The changing world of Key reading skit: Using your knowledge to predict ‘content Understanding key vocabuary Reading for man ideas Reading for detail Recognizing text type Sports and competition Key reading skit Scanning to predict content Understanding key vocabuary Skimming Reading for detail Recognizing text type Previewing Reading for man ideas Understanding discourse ‘Working out meaning Key reading skit ‘Working out meaning from business context ‘Scanning to predict content Reading for main ideas Reading for detail ‘Working out meaning Identifying the audience Understanding key vocabulary ‘Scanning to predict content Making inferences Key reading ski Reading for detall Understanding key vocabulary Scanning to predict content Reading for main ideas Identifying purpose Maing inferences Ovrjourey — Keyreoding sit into space Scanning to find information Mine rescue UNLOCK. READING AND WRITING SKILLS 2 Vocabulary to describe frepositionsof movement (eg, past, through, across, long. over) Vocabulary to describe business (eg set up. business employee, employ, a product) Vocabulary to describe people (eg reliable, tolented. potient. sensible, selfish)Collocations with + Analyze a graph temperature + Evaluate a table and a graph Describing a graph Grammar for writing: + Comparative and superlative adjectives Prepositions of movement + Analyze a diagram ‘Giarinear Reali: + Apply information to a description + Subject and verb: and adiagram agement Collocation with business = Analyze a spider diagram Business vocabulary ++ Create a timeline to organize ‘Grammar for writing: ere + Past and present tenses + Clauses with when Noun phrases with of + Apply information toa category Adjectives to describe + Analyze photogaphs ae + Create an idea wheel to categorize Grammar for writing: formation; + Subject and object + Analyze an essay question + Evaluate argumeats for and against += Create evidence and examples for arguments + Infnitive of purpose UNLOCK READING AND WRITING SCILLS 2 _ Write a narative paragaph aboutthe Academic writing ski: + Introductory sentences for descriptive Paragraphs about a gaph Wang tase pe: Write sentence to describe a graph. Writing task: Dorerbe a graph Academie writing sills: + Ordering events ina process + Eliminating irelevances Writing tose ‘write a process paragraph to describe the Sydney tithlon, ‘Academie writing skills: Adding detail, Writing task type: Write a narative paragraph. Woiting tase. business history of Google. + Concluding sentences Writing task type: ‘Weite an explanatory paragraph. Writing task peed 8 person you admire and explain ‘Academic writing sill: + Essay organization Writing task type: ‘Write a balanced opinion essay. Writing tose Exploring space is very expensive. Some people thirk that ts too expensive. However, other people think itis a good way ‘or governments to spend our money. Discuss both points of view ard give your opinion.Prater east UNLOCK UNIT STRUCTURE The units in Unlock Reading & Writing Skils are carefully scaffolded so that students are taken step-by-step through the writing process. UNLOCK YOUR | Encourages discussion around the theme of the unt with inspiration KNOWLEDGE _ | frominteresting questions and striking visuals, a WATCH AND | Features an engaging and motivating Discovery Education” video which LISTEN generates interest in the topic. READING | Practises the reading skills required to understand academic texts as well 7 as the vocabulary needed to comprehend the text itself NZ -peavine 2 | Presents second txt which provides a cfferent angle on the topicin a different genre. It isa model text for the writing task. LANGUAGE _| Practises the vocabulary and grammar from the Readings in S DEVELOPMENT | preparation for the writing task. SI critica | eee evaluative and analytical tasks as preparation for THINKING | the writing task. GRAMMAR a Presents and practises grammatical structures and features needed for FOR WRITING | the writing task. ACADEMIC Practises al the writing skills needed for the writing task. WRITING SKILLS WRITING a4 NS OBJECTIVES | Allows students to assess how well they have mastered the skills covered) REVIEW | inthe unit. wor A RDLIST | Includes the key vocabuary from the unit. ° e ° ° ° ° . ° EME or. gcr0ns ano wamnc sis 2UNL®CK MOTIVATION - UNLOCK YOURKNOWLEDGE eeecsccersoe . Look at the photographs and answer the questions below. 11 What subjects are the students in the photographs studying? 2 Which picture is most like your education? Why? 3 Which picture isthe least ike your education? Why? ‘4 Which type of education do you think is the best? Why? eovccccccccccccccoce Eason nurs 6¢ The video was excellent! lt helped with raising students’ interest in the topic. It was well-structured. and the language level was appropriate. Maria Agata Szczerbik, United Arab Emirates University, AkAin, UAE 9 9om forest UNL@CK CRITICAL THINKIN 6 * © BLOOM’S TAXONOMY ee decide, rate, choose, recommend, Justify, assess, prioritize explain, contrast examine, identify, investigate, categorize show, complete, use, clasify, ‘examin illustrate, solve discuss restate, ct, translate, outline ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° e ‘name, describe, relate, find, list, write, tell eG oun eoccccce {At the end of thi unit, you wil writ sx descriptive sentences. Look at this nits Writing tskin the box below. 1 What isthe main difference between the places described in Reading 1 © © 0 0 6 © UNDERSTAND io and the placesin Reading 2? a 2 Read the notes(I-S) about ving ina city. Which notes are positive and ETE which notes ar negative? Write» or — 1 ots of monuments, museums and resaurants, —_ 2 many businesses and jobs 3 tafe jams 4 an interesting mix of cultures and peeple 5 not enough houses ST 82 ecsonvcanownrnnc suits 2THE WORDS YOU NEED eoccccncce NOUNS, VERBS AND ADJECTIVES 1 Look at the sentence below and the numbered words. Match words (}-3) | tothe word clases below. GRAMMAR FOR WRITING © eocccccccge M sentence structure 1: Subject + verb A sentence has to have asubject anda verb, The subject of a sentence canbe a Bt oun or anoun phrase. Anoun phase isa group cf words that acts lke a noun, 5 The verb can also be one word or a BoUp of wore. [Rape on erem ee) The peopl nthe town ae The vilage does tire 6 6 The langiage development is clear and the strong lexical focus is positive as learners feel they make more progress when they leam more vocabulary. Colleen Wackrow, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, A-Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arebia 9 2 éRemiremaer eas UNLOCK SOLUTIONS OCK ONLINE WORKE Unlock is available in a range of print | The E> gnuine Workbooks are and digital components, so teachers accessed via activation codes ‘can mix and match according to their packaged with the Student's requirements. | | Books. These easy-to-use ‘workbooks provide interactive ‘exercises, games, tasis, and further practice of the language and skills from the Student's Books in the Cambridge LMS, an engaging and modern learning { ‘The Cambridge LMS provides | teachers with the ablity to eens Ea track learner progress and 4 save valuable time thanks to automated marking functionality. a » Blogs, forums and other tools are also available to facilitate } communication between | students and teachers. | The Unlock Student's Books and Teacher's eA | Books are also available | as interactive eBooks, With answers and Discovery Education” videos embedded, the eBooks provide a great alternative to the printed materials.Seco: | + Each level of Unlock consists of two Student's Bool acing 8 Writing and Listening & Speaking and an accompanying Teacher's Book for each. Online Workbooks are packaged with each Student's Book. = Look out for the (2 gNtine symbols in the Student's Books which indicate that additional practice of that skill or language area is available in the Online Workbook. + Every Unlock Student’s Books delivered both in print format and as an interactive eBook | for tablet devices. | + The Unlock Teachers Books contain additional writing tasks, tests, teaching tips and research projects for students. + Presentation Plus software for interactive whiteboards i available for all Student's Books. READING AND WRITING Student’ Boot and Online Workbook Packt a | [Teachers Book with OVOY | 978-107-6407 | [email protected] | o7eLsO7-6woa-8 | _—97E-I07-6u023_| Presentation Fl (interactive | whiteboard softwar) 978-1107-6399-7 | 978-07-61400-0 | 978-1107-61526-7 | 9781-107-61525-0 STBOT-EBO0 | 97ETIOT-SEOS-S | gTEMOT-CTEA | s7E107-6865-0 | *eBook available from wwwueambridge.org/unlock tae a LISTENING eters AND Ace SPEAKING raises ‘Student's Book and Online ss Sa Be mevorasos | sevorsnso | sevens | srenores | Teachers 800k with OVD* 978-1407-663N-7 | _97B-V107-68280-5 | _97B-VI07-68Ise-5 | 976-107-6507 _| reerareneeeieeeeeé® | sreorcsne, | srevorcoses | sevoresn2 | sevorcons | | whiteboard softwar) *e800k avaiable from wwwicambridge.org/unlock | The complete course audio is available from www.cambridge.org/unlock uncc aons mown 5s > aTPa) LEARNING OBJECTIVES Watch and listen Watch and understand a video about places Reading skills Scan for numbers ‘Academic writing skills Use capital letters and full stops correctly Writing task Write descriptive sentences nv ayy eeLook at the photograph and answer the questions below, Where is the place in the photograph? Is the city the same or different to the place where you live? How? Would you like to live here? Why / Why not?WATCH AND LI ae PREPARING TO WATCH 1. Match the words (I-3) to their opposites (a-<). Use the glossary on page UNDERSTANDING Key vocapuLary 94 thelpyou Se a rural 2 modern b village 3 urban ¢ traditional WHILE WATCHING ~ 2 @ Watch the video. Circle the correct words to complete the sentences. UNDERSTANDING MAIN IDEAS 1 The Khanty village in Siberia is in Russia / Egypt. —— 2 The Khanty village is very cold / hot. 3. Siwa is in Russia / Egypt. 4 Siwais avillage / town. 5, Siwa is very cold/ hot. UNDERSTANDING DETAIL 1 The Khanty village is in Moscow. ae ee TT 2 Temperatures in Siberia can reach -53°C. 3 People in the Khanty village travel on skis. 4 The Khanty village is very modern. 5 Siwaiis in the Sahara desert. 6 Temperatures in the Sahara desert can reach 68°C. 7 Many people in Siwa use donkeys instead of cars. 8 There isa new road in Siwa. 9 People think that life in Siwa will change. 3. @ Watch again. Write true (1) or false (F) next to the statements below. HTT D WRITING SKILLS 2aes 4 Look at the underlined word from the video. What do you think remote means? MAKING INFERENCES from the capital ces in the worl a far away from other places b close to other places 5 How did you find the answer to Exercise 4? 1 from the photographs in the video 2 from the other words in the sentence 3 from the way the speaker talks 6 @ Watch the video. Listen for the words (1-3) below. Circle the words and phrases that have the same meaning. 1 isolated (adj) not remote / remote 2 block (v) close a space / opena space 3 oasis (n) mountains in a desert / lakes or rivers in a desert DISCUSSION 7 Work with a partner. Discuss the questions below. 1 Where would you prefer to live: Siwa or Siberia? Why? 2 In the video, it says that people in Siwa think that the new road will change their town. What changes do you think they will see? Think about the following: a language b jobs ¢ transport 8 Look at your answers. Are the changes mainly good or bad? LUNLOCK READING ANO WRITING SHILLS 2PREPARING TO READ = 1 Match the words ([-4) to their definitions (a-d). 1 population a houses for people to live in 2 pollution _b the number of cars on a road 3 housing «when the air, water or earth is dirty and bad 4 traffic for people, plants and animals d the number of people living in aplace 2 Read the title of the article opposite. What do you think mega means? a very busy b very good very big 3 Read the article and check your answer. WHILE READING | 4 Write true (T) or false (F) next to the statements below. 1 There are more megacities now than in 1950. _— 2 There are many opportunities to study in megacities. §__ 3 Many people leave the countryside and move to a city. —__ 4 Most megacities are in Europe. 5 Megacities can be very interesting places to live. 6 Many megacities have problems with housing. — 5 Read the article again and write the words from the box in the correct place in the table below. mix of different people interesting places to visit lots of jobs. traffic jams goed place to study housing problem important industries busy trains LUNLECK READING AND WRITING SKILLS 2Rise of the MEGACITIES Megacity: a city with more than 10 million inhabitants The number of megacities is growing very quickly. In the 1950s, there were only two megacities in the world, Today, 4 percent of the world’s urban population live in a megacity. Studies show that there will be 8 billion peopie in the world in 2025, Experts say that there will be 27 megacities, ‘Today, more than twenty cities in the world are megacities. 75% are in Asia, South America and Affica. More and more people around ‘the world are leaving their homes in the countryside and moving to the city. ‘Many megacities have better opportunities, such as more jobs and a choice of schools and universities, Megacities are also exciting places to live — there are lots of different people, languages and restaurants and there are many interesting things to do. However, megacities have problems, too. The cities are very big and this can cause problems like pollution or poor heusing, TOKYO, JAPAN DELHI, INDIA CAIRO, EGYPT 36.4 MILLION 22.5 MILLION 16.9 MILLION Tokyo is an exciting, modem city Delhi is in the north of India. Ithas Giro is the capital of Egypt iin the east of Japan. There are many beautiful monuments, interesting _andit is the largest city in lots of jobs because most big museums and modern restaurants, ‘Aftica. Cairo hasimportant ‘companies in Japan areinTokyo. There is an exciting mix of different carand film industries. Itis also an excellent place to cultures in the city, and there are four The city is the centre of study - 20% of Japan's universities _ official languages: Hinci, Urdu, Punjabi many government offices are in the city. However, Tokyo is and English. However, there are not and hes many universities, verybusyandthetrafficis very enough houses in some parts ofDelhi. one of which is over 1,200 bad. More than 63 million people — Thismeans that many people live in years old. ‘use the trains every day, large slums in the city. Uw onc Kownnns is | A Ter6 Find and circle all the numbers in the article (page 19). _ 7 Write a number from the article in each gap to complete the notes. 1 number of megacities in 1950 = __ 2 number of megacities in 2025 = __ 3 percent of people in the world that live in a megacity = ___ % 4 global population in 2025 = billion 5 number of people who use the trains in Tokyo = million 6 percent of Japanese universities in Tokyc 7 number of people living in Delhi = million 8 number of official languages spoken in Delhi = 9 age of Cairo’s oldest university = ___ years old READING BETWEEN THE LINES 8 Look at the word slums underlined in the article. What do you think it means? a avery poor and crowded area in acity b avery untidy house ¢ avery expensive area in the centre of a city DISCUSSION 9 Work with a partner. Discuss the questions below. 1 Are there any megacities in or near your country? 2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of living in the city? 3. Why are modern cities growing so quickly? 4 What are the best solutions to the problems of pollution and poor housing? UNLOCK READING AND WRITING SKILLS 2READING 2 PREPARING TO READ 1 Read the title of the article on page 22. What general topic do you think the article is about? a geography b tourism ¢ history 2. Read the introduction and check your answer. 3 Circle the word or words in the introduction that tell you the answer, WHILE READING 4 Match the headings (I-3) to the paragraphs in the article (a~c) 1 Abig city 2. A mountain village 3 Ahouse by the beach 5 Look at the summaries of the paragraphs. Cross out the incorrect words in bold and write the correct words, The first one has been done for you as an example. . 1 The Atal family live in a city: It is a busy place. The mountains are very cold. 2 Kate and Julian Foxton live in the north of England. The area is great for theatres. The houses are quite cheap, 3 Chafic and Aline Halwany live in a small city. People learn English and French in the town centre. There is quite a lot of traffic at night READING BETWEEN THE LINES 6 Work with a partner. Discuss your ideas about the questions below. 1 Why are homestays cheap places to stay? 2. How many languages do the Halwanys speak? 3 Do Kate and Julian have children? DISCUSSION 7 Work with a partner. Discuss the questions below. 1 Why do people like to go to villages or the countryside on holiday? 2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of living in the countryside? 3 Why do young people leave the countryside to live in the city? unteck ANG AN wRTING is > EAT Ta SCANNING TO. PREDICT CONTENT READING FOR MAIN IDEAS READING FOR DETAIL Oontne MAKING INFERENCESmee «fs HOLIDAYS: s Homestays are becoming more and more popular, and J people around the world are offering their homes as hotels. Homestays offer cheap places to stay, and the Ml chance for guests to see the area like a local. They are very popular with students who want to stay in another [i Bi country and learn a language. We asked three families # who run homestays to tell us about where they live. The Atal family Our family home is in the north of Nepal, in the Himalayan mountains, in the village of Manang. The village is quite small and very quiet. Itis a very friendly place. The mountains are extremely beautiful. You can go for long walks and swim in the rivers but there are no shops, cinemas or cafés. Kate and Julian Foxton Our two-bed house is by the sea in the south-west of England. It is 15 minutes’ drive to the nearest village of Portreath. There are lots of beaches, rivers and forests and it is very quiet. We spend a lot of time reading books, watching films and going for walks. Our area is great for sports like surfing, kayaking and mountain biking. However, the houses here are expensive, which can be a problem for local people. There are no buses or trains here, so it can be difficult to get around without a car. ¢ Chafic and Aline Halwany Our home is near the centre of Beirut, Lebanon, one of the largest cities in the Middle East. There are lots of cafés and restaurants, which open late at night. We love it here because it’s so friendly and you can always find what you need — lots of people come to stay to learn Arabic and French. However, it can be noisy at night, and there is quite a lot of traffic during the day.es @ LANGUAGE DEVELOPMEN NOUNS, VERBS AND ADJECTIVES 1 Look at the sentence below and the numbered words. Match words (-3) to the word classes below. © Delhi ® has many ©? beautiful monuments, “ interesting © museums and © modern ( restaurants, noun verb adjective 2 Match the sentence halves. 1 Anoun is a word that a describes anoun. 2 Averb is a word that b refers to a place or thing. 3 An adjective is aword that ¢ describes an action. 3 Write the words from the box in the correct place in the table below. live town excellent drive exciting have café different building Adjectives By We use adjectives to describe nouns. We use the structure adjective + noun, 7 adjective +noun Beirut is an interesting ty. There are many excellent restaurants. Adjectives are never plural. | 4 different place > some-ditferents-piaces > some different places UNLOCK READING AND WRITING SKILLS 24 Match the adjectives (I-5) to their opposites (a-e). 1 interesting a expensive 2 cheap b boring 3 polluted ¢ clean 4 beautiful d quiet 5 noisy e ugly Write an adjective in each gap to complete the sentences. 1 There are lots of cars and traffic jams. The air is very 2 This is an ____city. Everything costs a lot of money. 3 My village is very ____. There isn’t any noise. 4 London isa really __ place. There are lots of things to do. 5 The building looks horrible. It’s very . CRITICAL THINKING At the end of this unit, you will write six descriptive sentences. Look at this unit's Writing task in the box below. i ‘What is the main difference between the places described in Reading 1 — and the places in Reading 2? 2 Read the notes (1-5) about living in a city. Which notes are positive and = which notes are negative? Write + or —. 1 lots of monuments, museums and restaurants __ 2 many businesses and jobs __ 3 traffic jams — 4-an interesting mix of cultures andpeople — _ 5 not enough houses UNLOCK READING AND WRITING SKILLS 2PLACES 3 Write the notes (I-5) in the correct place in the T-chart. positive (+) negative (-) 4 Think of two more negative things and two more positive things about living in a city. Write them in the correct place in the T-chart. 5 Think of positive and negative things about living in a village in the countryside. Write your notes in the correct place in the T-chart. The first one in each column has been done for you as an example. positive (+) negative (-] beautiful boring 6 Think about where you live. What are the positive and negative things about where you live? Think about the things in the list below. «= things to do = jobs * transport * people * houses 7 Write your notes in the correct place in the T-chart. positive (+) negative (-) LUNLOCK READING ANO WRITING SKILLS 2WRITING GRAMMAR FOR WRITING Sentence structure I: Subject + verb A sentence has to have a subject and a verb. The subject of a sentence can be a # noun or a noun phrase. A noun phrase is a group of words that acts likea noun. The verb can also be one word or a group of words. The village doesnothave | ashop. ! ! ‘The people in the town are friendly. | My brother lives in the city. 1 Underline the subject and circle the verb in the sentences below. 1 Paris is a beautiful city. 2 The town does not have a park, 3 I live in a small town. 4 Istanbul has many attractions. 5 Many students live in the city. 6 The village is not very exciting. 7 The shops are excellent. 8 The houses in the town are not very expensive. 2 Rewrite the sentences with the correct form of the verb be. 1 1 Saudi 2 He an engineer 3 The people nice 4 We happy 5 Jakarta beautiful 6 Ita small village 3 Look at your answers to Exercise 2. Write S next to the subject and V next to the verb in each sentence. UNLOCK READING AND WRITING SKILLS 2There is / There are We use there is / there are to explain the general features of a place. In these sentences we do not have a subject. There is a beach. There are many cafés. We use there is when we talk about one thing (singular) and there are when we talk about many things (plural). There is acinema. singular There is not a theatre. ‘There are lots of shops. plural There are not many beaches. 4 Circle the correct word to complete the sentences. 1 There is / are many traffic jams in my town. 2 There is / are an excellent museum. 3 There is / are people from many different countries. 4 There is / are lots of flats in the city centre. 5 There is / are a beach and a river, 6 There is / are lots of jobs. 5 The sentences below are incorrect. Rewrite them with there is / there are to make them correct. 1 Five restaurants are in my town. 2. Amuseum is in my town. 3 Ariver is near my village. 4 Lots of cars are in my city. UNLOCK READING AND WRITING SILLS 26 Look at the fact file about the city of Doha. Write one sentence for each bullet point about Doha using there is / there are, The first one has been done for you as an example. DOHA, QATAR many sports stadiums lots of museums twelve universities aport ‘one airport many five-star hotels acastle There are many sports stadiums. Naunena ACADEMIC WRITING SKILLS Capital letters and full stops We use a copital letter at the beginning of a sentence, We use a full stop ()) at the end of a sentence. He lives in Abu Dhabi. Wealso use a capital letter with a proper noun. france > France tsbanbut > Istanbul ety > July saturday > Saturday We always use a capital letter for J. | live in London. BEC 8.0K 8AOING ANO WRITING SKILLS 27 Work witha partner. Put capital letters and full stops in the paragraph, ‘yive in a city called tarragona itis in spain itis a beautiful city there are many shops and restaurants the people ate friendly there is a lower festival in june WRITING TASK the negatives. 1 Look at the T-chart you made in the Critical thinking section (page 25}. Choose three positive (+) things and three negative (-) things that you are going to write about. 2. Look at the paragraph planner below. Write three sentences describing positive things about where you live and three sentences describing negative things about where you live. UNLOCK READING AND WRITING SHILLS 2Sasi nn 3 Use the task checklist to review your sentences for content and structure. TASK CHECKLIST Have you written about the place where you live? Have you written six sentences? Are there three positive sentences? Are there three negative sentences? 4 Make any necessary changes to your sentences. 5 Now use the language checklist to edit your sentences for language errors which are common to A2 learners. LANGUAGE CHECKLIST Have you used nouns, verbs and adjectives correctly? Does every sentence have a subject and a verb? Is the correct form of there is / there are used? \s there is / there are used to talk about general features? Have you used capital letters and full stops correctly? 6 Make any necessary changes to your sentences. UNLOCK. READING AND WRITING SKILLS 2OBJECTIVES REVIEW 7 Check your objectives. I can... watch and understand a video about places. scan for numbers. use capital letters and full stops correctly. write descriptive sentences. WORDLIST SSS very not very well well = very not very well well St very not very well well ss very not very well well UNLOCK READING AND WRITINGSKILLS 2hit Wee MN We LEARNING OBJECTIVES Watch : ae listen ee and understand a video about a festival lewa eivacte oe aI mee | See wis dae eh Pate]Ae FESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONS UNIT 2 “ae a \\|B past NS ley Work with a partner. Look at the photographs and discuss the questions below. 1. What is happening in the photographs? 2 What countries do you think the photographs are from? 4 Nir? 33WATCH AND LISTEN Dena PREPARING TO WATCH UNDERSTANDING 1 Match the words and phrases (1-8) o their definitions (a-h). KEY VOCABULARY _—‘ arace a stories from a place or culture 2 folk stories _b the way someone lives 3 away oflife < a competition to find the fastest person 4 takepart d doanactivity or sport 5 ancient e something that's in the culture of a group of people 6atradition for along time 7 unique f existed for a very, very long time 8 ajockey g a person who rides a horse in a compet h very special or different to other things USING YOUR 2 YoU are going to watch a video about a festival in Mongolia. Write true (T) iowinece © false (F) next to the statements below. 1 There are no Mongolian people living in northern China. 2 Mongolian people love horses. 3 Children can ride horses 4 Horse riding is not a dangerous sport. Bal 3 @ Watch the video and check your answers. WHILE WATCHING UNDERSTANDING 4 @ Watch again. Number the ideas (2-f) in the order you hear them. MAIN IDEAS a There are many horses in the race. sat ——_ bItisnot easy toride the horses. oe ¢ The people prepare dinner and sing a d The jockeys are all very young. e The different groups of people each have their own culture, —__ f The Mongolians have a big summer festival. al ST LUNLCCK READING AND WRITING SKILLSGoenka ures 5 @ Watch again. Circle the correct words to complete the sentences. LISTENING FOR KEY 1 The region of Inner Mongolia has mountains and lakes / grasslands. INFORMATION 2 The Mongolians have a very old / new culture. 3 The festival is part of Mongolian / Chinese tradition. 4 ‘Naadam’ is a type of festival / game. 5 About a thousand / hundred horses take part in the race. 6 The horses can run the long race because they / the jockeys are not big. 7 The jockeys practise / run for a long time before the race. 8 The horses are / This horse race is very old. 6 What do you think horses are at the heart of Mongolian culture means? Choose the best definition below. MAKING. INFERENCES. 1. Horses make Mongolians feel very happy. 2. Horses are a very important part of Mongolian culture, 7 The video says that the jockeys show great skill. Why is this? Choose the best two explanations below. 1 because this is the largest horse race in the world 2 because they are very young and small 3 because they do not have seats and they have nothing to hold with their feet DISCUSSION 8 Work with a partner. Discuss the questions below. 1 How old do you think your culture is? Is it ancient, old or new? 2 What festivals are parts of your country's traditions? 3 Is it important to follow traditions and a way of life? 4 What do you think is at the heart of your culture? UnLock FADING AND WATING ss ERTS SEPREPARING TO READ | 1 Match the words (I-3)to their definitions (a-<). 1 asweet a along, thin piece of wood 2 agift/ apresent _ b a small piece of food, often made of sugar 3 astick or chocolate ¢ something that you give to someone, usually ona special day 2. Write the words from the box in the gaps. hang the ground lucky culture abusiness successful company celebrate traditional 1 Something that is _________ follows a way of behaving that has continued for a long time. 2 —___________ is the surface of the Earth, 3 Ifyou something, you put it somewhere high so part of it falls down. 4___or______is an organization that sells goods or services, 5 _________is the habits, traditions and beliefs of a country or group of people. 6 Many people believe that __________ objects make good things happen to you. 7 fyou________, you have a party or a meal because it is a special day or because something good has happened. 8 Something that is ___ has a good result. 3 Look at the photographs, titles and subtitles in the article opposite. Choose and circle the topic of the article (a-c). a celebrations around the world b weddings around the world ¢ birthdays around the world 4 Read the article and check your answer. UNLOCK READING AND WRITING SKILLS 2FESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONS Celebrate! Pifiatas In Mexico, children often have pifiatas on their birthday. The child’ parents put chocolates and other sweets inside the pifiata and hangit on a tree. ‘Then the children hit the piftata with a stick. It breaks and the sweets fall out on to the ground. Noodles In China, people celebrate weddings with an eight- course meal, because the word eight sounds like the word for good luck. The last dish of the meal is always noodles. The noodles are long and thin, You have to eat them in one piece - you cant cut them. In Chinese culture, long noodles are lucky. Long noodles mean you will have a long life, Business birthdays ‘A business birthday shows that a company is successful, Many businesses in the USA celebrate important birthdays, like 10, 50 or 150 years. Companies hold parties and send cards. Companies sometimes make TV adverts. It is a good opportunity to advertise the business. Name days As well as a birthday, many people in Southern. Europe also celebrate their name day. In Greece, name days are more important than birthdays. People have big parties and open their houses to anybody who wants to come. People bring small gifts, often flowers ora box of sweets. Islamic New Year In the UAE and other Muslim countries across the world, people celebrate Eid. Eid means festival or celebration. During Eid, people visit family and friends, as well as people who are sick or in hospital. They give presents, such as sweets and food. Children receive toys, too. Children often wear special traditional clothes during the Bid celebrations. RITING SKILLSWHILE READING 5 Read the article again. Match the celebrations (I-S) to the countries (a-e). 1 pifata a China 2 noodles b Mexico 3 name day ¢ the UAE 4 sweets and food d Greece 5 business birthday e the USA 6 Read the article again and write true (T) or false (F) next to the statements below. 1 Pifiatas have flowers inside them. 2 Long noodles are unlucky in Chinese culture. 3 Many companies in the USA celebrate business birthdays. 4 Onaname day, people bring gifts. 5 During Eid, children wear special clothes. READING BETWEEN THE LINES 7 Where would you find this article? a inanewspaper b in an academic journal 8 Circle the features that helped you find the answer. photographs colour of text length of paragraphs title number of paragraphs _ layout of artic! DISCUSSION 9 Work witha partner. Discuss the questions below. 1 What birthdays and special days do you celebrate? 2 What do you do on these days? 3 What is your favourite celebration? Why? UNLOCK READING AND WRITING SKILLS 2Perens READING 2 PREPARING TO READ 1 Look at the words and circle the correct definition. UNDERSTANDING 1 activities 3 popular KEY VOCABULARY a things people do a something many people enjoy ——— b buildings b very difficult 2 history 4 highlights a something happening now a places b something that happened in b the most important parts the past 2 Read paragraph A in the text below and circle the proper nouns. SSRAGIO PREDICT CONTENT DD Other highlights of the Muscat Festival include the chance to try ‘out different types of food at the Oman Food Festival. The Muscat Art Festival also offers visitors Arabic music, concerts and plays, and other entertainment for the whole family. The Festival of Lights is one of the most popular events at the Muscat Festival. One of the most important festivals in Oman is JE The Muscat Festival is very international, the Muscat Festival. The festival lasts for about with people visiting from countries as far ‘one month and takes place in February every year. away as Brazil and Cuba. Visitors aso arrive During the festival, many activities are available for from Italy, India, Russia, South Korea, Spain, people to take part in Tunisia and Turkey, as well as many other B Large numbers of people, including Omanis and countries. They enjoy the amazing clothes, visitors to Oman, go to the different events. The events food and music. Some people just enjoy the are a celebration of both Omani and international, mix of different cultures. history and traditions, The events take place in different places across the country. Many businesses. show their products for people to look at and buy. Cc ‘The Muscat Festival also includes the very popular six- day Tour of Oman cycling race. Professional cyclists from around the world take part in the race. The raceis nearly 1,000 kilomezres long, and it takes the cyclists up the beautiful Jabal Al Akhdhar — the Green Mountain. LN ONG NOWRTNG ss ATT a