SYLLABUS FOR IIT-JEE

CHEMISTRY –
Physical chemistry –

General topics: Concept of atoms and molecules; Dalton’s atomic theory;

Mole concept; Chemical formulae; Balanced chemical equations; Calculations
(based on mole concept) involving common oxidation-reduction,
neutralisation, and displacement reactions; Concentration in terms of mole
fraction, molarity, molality and normality.

Gaseous and liquid states: Absolute scale of temperature, ideal gas

equation; Deviation from ideality, van der Waals equation; Kinetic theory of
gases, average, root mean square and most probable velocities and their
relation with temperature; Law of partial pressures; Vapour pressure;
Diffusion of gases.

Atomic structure and chemical bonding:  Bohr model, spectrum of

hydrogen atom, quantum numbers; Wave-particle duality, de Broglie
hypothesis; Uncertainty principle; Qualitative quantum mechanical picture of
hydrogen atom, shapes of s, p and d orbitals; Electronic configurations of
elements (up to atomic number 36); Aufbau principle; Pauli’s exclusion
principle and Hund’s rule; Orbital overlap and covalent bond; Hybridisation
involving s, p and d orbitals only; Orbital energy diagrams for homonuclear
diatomic species;  Hydrogen bond; Polarity in molecules, dipole moment
(qualitative aspects only); VSEPR model and shapes of molecules (linear,
angular, triangular, square planar, pyramidal, square pyramidal, trigonal
bipyramidal, tetrahedral and octahedral).

Energetics: First law of thermodynamics; Internal energy, work and heat,

pressure-volume work; Enthalpy, Hess’s law; Heat of reaction, fusion and
vapourization; Second law of thermodynamics; Entropy; Free energy;
Criterion of spontaneity.

Chemical equilibrium:  Law of mass action; Equilibrium constant, Le

Chatelier’s principle (effect of concentration, temperature and pressure);
Significance of ΔG and ΔG° in chemical equilibrium; Solubility product,
common ion effect, pH and buffer solutions;  Acids and bases (Bronsted and
Lewis concepts); Hydrolysis of salts.

Electrochemistry: Electrochemical cells and cell reactions; Standard

electrode potentials; Nernst equation and its relation to ΔG; Electrochemical
series, emf of galvanic cells; Faraday’s laws of electrolysis; Electrolytic
conductance, specific, equivalent and molar conductivity, Kohlrausch’s law;
Concentration cells.
Chemical kinetics:  Rates of chemical reactions; Order of reactions; Rate
constant; First order reactions; Temperature dependence of rate constant
(Arrhenius equation).

Solid state: Classification of solids, crystalline state, seven crystal systems

(cell parameters a, b, c, α, β, γ), close packed structure of solids (cubic),
packing in fcc, bcc and hcp lattices; Nearest neighbours, ionic radii, simple
ionic compounds, point defects.

Solutions:  Raoult’s law; Molecular weight determination from lowering of

vapour pressure, elevation of boiling point and depression of freezing point.

Surface chemistry:  Elementary concepts of adsorption (excluding

adsorption isotherms); Colloids: types, methods of preparation and general
properties; Elementary ideas of emulsions, surfactants and micelles (only
definitions and examples).

Nuclear chemistry:  Radioactivity: isotopes and isobars; Properties of α, β

and γ rays; Kinetics of radioactive decay (decay series excluded), carbon
dating; Stability of nuclei with respect to proton-neutron ratio; Brief
discussion on fission and fusion reactions.

Inorganic Chemistry –

Isolation/preparation and properties of the following non-metals: Boron,

silicon, nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen, sulphur and halogens; Properties of
allotropes of carbon (only diamond and graphite), phosphorus and sulphur.

Preparation and properties of the following compounds: Oxides,

peroxides, hydroxides, carbonates, bicarbonates, chlorides and sulphates of
sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium; Boron: diborane, boric acid
and borax; Aluminium: alumina, aluminium chloride and alums; Carbon:
oxides and oxyacid (carbonic acid); Silicon: silicones, silicates and silicon
carbide;  Nitrogen: oxides, oxyacids and ammonia; Phosphorus: oxides,
oxyacids (phosphorus acid, phosphoric acid) and phosphine; Oxygen: ozone
and hydrogen peroxide; Sulphur: hydrogen sulphide, oxides, sulphurous
acid, sulphuric acid and sodium thiosulphate; Halogens: hydrohalic acids,
oxides and oxyacids of chlorine, bleaching powder; Xenon fluorides.

Transition elements (3d series): Definition, general characteristics,

oxidation states and their stabilities, colour (excluding the details of
electronic transitions) and calculation of spin-only magnetic moment;
Coordination compounds: nomenclature of mononuclear coordination
compounds, cis-transand ionisation isomerisms, hybridization and
geometries of mononuclear coordination compounds (linear, tetrahedral,
square planar and octahedral).

Preparation and properties of the following compounds: Oxides and

chlorides of tin and lead; Oxides, chlorides and sulphates of Fe2+, Cu2+ and
Zn2+; Potassium permanganate, potassium dichromate, silver oxide, silver
nitrate, silver thiosulphate.

Ores and minerals: Commonly occurring ores and minerals of iron, copper,
tin, lead, magnesium, aluminium, zinc and silver.

Extractive metallurgy: Chemical principles and reactions only (industrial

details excluded); Carbon reduction method (iron and tin); Self reduction
method (copper and lead); Electrolytic reduction method (magnesium and
aluminium); Cyanide process (silver and gold).

Principles of qualitative analysis: Groups I to V (only Ag+, Hg2+, Cu2+,

Pb2+, Bi3+, Fe3+, Cr3+,  Al3+, Ca2+, Ba2+, Zn2+, Mn2+ and Mg2+); Nitrate, halides
(excluding fluoride), sulphate and sulphide.

Organic Chemistry –

Concepts: Hybridisation of carbon; Sigma and pi-bonds; Shapes of simple

organic molecules; Structural and geometrical isomerism;  Optical isomerism
of compounds containing up to two asymmetric centres,
(R,S and E,Z nomenclature excluded); IUPAC nomenclature of simple
organic compounds (only hydrocarbons, mono-functional and bi-functional
compounds); Conformations of ethane and butane (Newman projections);
Resonance and hyperconjugation; Keto-enol tautomerism; Determination of
empirical and molecular formulae of simple compounds (only combustion
method); Hydrogen bonds: definition and their effects on physical properties
of alcohols and carboxylic acids; Inductive and resonance effects on acidity
and basicity of organic acids and bases; Polarity and inductive effects in alkyl
halides; Reactive intermediates produced during homolytic and heterolytic
bond cleavage;  Formation, structure and stability of carbocations,
carbanions and free radicals.

Preparation, properties and reactions of alkanes: Homologous series,

physical properties of alkanes (melting points, boiling points and density);
Combustion and halogenation of alkanes; Preparation of alkanes by Wurtz
reaction and decarboxylation reactions.

Preparation, properties and reactions of alkenes and

alkynes: Physical properties of alkenes and alkynes (boiling points, density
and dipole moments); Acidity of alkynes; Acid catalysed hydration of alkenes
and alkynes (excluding the stereochemistry of addition and elimination);
Reactions of alkenes with KMnO4 and ozone; Reduction of alkenes and
alkynes; Preparation of alkenes and alkynes by elimination reactions;
Electrophilic addition reactions of alkenes with X2, HX, HOX (X=halogen) and
H2O;  Addition reactions of alkynes; Metal acetylides.

Reactions of benzene: Structure and aromaticity; Electrophilic substitution

reactions: halogenation, nitration, sulphonation, Friedel-Crafts alkylation and
acylation; Effect of  o-, m- and p-directing groups in monosubstituted
benzenes.
Phenols: Acidity, electrophilic substitution reactions (halogenation, nitration
and sulphonation); Reimer-Tieman reaction, Kolbe reaction.

Characteristic reactions of the following (including those mentioned above): 

Alkyl halides: rearrangement reactions of alkyl carbocation, Grignard
reactions,  nucleophilic substitution reactions;  Alcohols: esterification,
dehydration and oxidation, reaction with sodium, phosphorus halides,
ZnCl2/concentrated HCl, conversion of alcohols into aldehydes and ketones;
Ethers:Preparation by Williamson’s  Synthesis; Aldehydes and Ketones:
oxidation, reduction, oxime and hydrazone formation; aldol condensation,
Perkin reaction; Cannizzaro reaction; haloform reaction and nucleophilic
addition reactions (Grignard addition);  Carboxylic acids: formation of esters,
acid chlorides and amides, ester hydrolysis; Amines: basicity of substituted
anilines and aliphatic amines, preparation from nitro compounds, reaction
with nitrous acid, azo coupling reaction of diazonium salts of aromatic
amines, Sandmeyer and related reactions of diazonium salts; carbylamine
reaction; Haloarenes: nucleophilic aromatic substitution in haloarenes and
substituted haloarenes (excluding Benzyne mechanism and Cine
substitution).

Carbohydrates: Classification; mono- and di-saccharides (glucose and

sucrose); Oxidation, reduction, glycoside formation and hydrolysis of
sucrose.

Amino acids and peptides: General structure (only primary structure for

peptides) and physical properties.

Properties and uses of some important polymers: Natural rubber,

cellulose, nylon, teflon and PVC.

Practical organic chemistry: Detection of elements (N, S, halogens);

Detection and identification of the following functional groups: hydroxyl
(alcoholic and phenolic), carbonyl (aldehyde and ketone), carboxyl, amino
and nitro; Chemical methods of separation of mono-functional organic
compounds from binary mixtures.

PHYSICS –
General: 

Units and dimensions, dimensional analysis; least count, significant figures;

Methods of measurement and error analysis for physical quantities
pertaining to the following experiments: Experiments based on using Vernier
calipers and screw gauge (micrometer), Determination of g using simple
pendulum, Young’s modulus by Searle’s method, Specific heat of a liquid
using calorimeter, focal length of a concave mirror and a convex lens using
u-v method, Speed of sound using resonance column, Verification of Ohm’s
law using voltmeter and ammeter, and specific resistance of the material of
a wire using meter bridge and post office box.
Mechanics: 

Kinematics in one and two dimensions (Cartesian coordinates only),

projectiles; Uniform Circular motion; Relative velocity.

Newton’s laws of motion; Inertial and uniformly accelerated frames of

reference; Static and dynamic friction; Kinetic and potential energy; Work
and power; Conservation of linear momentum and mechanical energy.

Systems of particles; Centre of mass and its motion; Impulse; Elastic and
inelastic collisions. 

Law of gravitation; Gravitational potential and field; Acceleration due to

gravity; Motion of planets and satellites in circular orbits; Escape velocity.

Rigid body, moment of inertia, parallel and perpendicular axes theorems,

moment of inertia of uniform bodies with simple geometrical shapes;
Angular momentum; Torque; Conservation of angular momentum; Dynamics
of rigid bodies with fixed axis of rotation; Rolling without slipping of rings,
cylinders and spheres; Equilibrium of rigid bodies; Collision of point masses
with rigid bodies.

Linear and angular simple harmonic motions.

Hooke’s law, Young’s modulus.

Pressure in a fluid; Pascal’s law; Buoyancy; Surface energy and surface

tension, capillary rise; Viscosity (Poiseuille’s equation excluded), Stoke’s
law; Terminal velocity, Streamline flow, equation of continuity, Bernoulli’s
theorem and its applications.

Wave motion (plane waves only), longitudinal and transverse waves,

superposition of waves; Progressive and stationary waves; Vibration of
strings and air columns;Resonance; Beats; Speed of sound in gases;
Doppler effect (in sound).

Thermal physics: Thermal expansion of solids, liquids and gases;

Calorimetry, latent heat; Heat conduction in one dimension; Elementary
concepts of convection and radiation; Newton’s law of cooling; Ideal gas
laws; Specific heats (Cv and Cp for monoatomic and diatomic gases);
Isothermal and adiabatic processes, bulk modulus of gases; Equivalence of
heat and work; First law of thermodynamics and its applications (only for
ideal gases);  Blackbody radiation: absorptive and emissive powers;
Kirchhoff’s law; Wien’s displacement law, Stefan’s law.
Electricity and magnetism: 

Coulomb’s law; Electric field and potential; Electrical potential energy of a

system of point charges and of electrical dipoles in a uniform electrostatic
field; Electric field lines; Flux of electric field; Gauss’s law and its application
in simple cases, such as, to find field due to infinitely long straight wire,
uniformly charged infinite plane sheet and uniformly charged thin spherical
shell.

Capacitance; Parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectrics; Capacitors

in series and parallel; Energy stored in a capacitor.

Electric current; Ohm’s law; Series and parallel arrangements of resistances

and cells; Kirchhoff’s laws and simple applications; Heating effect of current.

Biot–Savart’s law and Ampere’s law; Magnetic field near a current-carrying

straight wire, along the axis of a circular coil and inside a long straight
solenoid; Force on a moving charge and on a current-carrying wire in a
uniform magnetic field.

Magnetic moment of a current loop; Effect of a uniform magnetic field on a

current loop; Moving coil galvanometer, voltmeter, ammeter and their
conversions.

Electromagnetic induction: Faraday’s law, Lenz’s law; Self and mutual

inductance; RC, LR and LC circuits with D.C. and A.C. sources.

Optics: 

Rectilinear propagation of light; Reflection and refraction at plane and

spherical surfaces; Total internal reflection; Deviation and dispersion of light
by a prism; Thin lenses; Combinations of mirrors and thin lenses;
Magnification. 

Wave nature of light: Huygen’s principle, interference limited to Young’s

double-slit experiment.

Modern physics: 

Atomic nucleus; Alpha, beta and gamma radiations; Law of radioactive

decay;  Decay constant; Half-life and mean life; Binding energy and its
calculation; Fission and fusion processes; Energy calculation in these
processes.

Photoelectric effect; Bohr’s theory of hydrogen-like atoms; Characteristic

and continuous X-rays, Moseley’s law; de Broglie wavelength of matter
waves.
MATHEMATICS –
Algebra: 

Algebra of complex numbers, addition, multiplication, conjugation, polar

representation, properties of modulus and principal argument, triangle
inequality, cube roots of unity, geometric interpretations.

Quadratic equations with real coefficients, relations between roots and

coefficients, formation of quadratic equations with given roots, symmetric
functions of roots.

Arithmetic, geometric and harmonic progressions, arithmetic, geometric  and

harmonic means, sums of finite arithmetic and geometric progressions,
infinite geometric series, sums of squares and cubes of the first n natural
numbers.

Logarithms and their properties.

Permutations and combinations, Binomial theorem for a positive integral

index, properties of binomial coefficients.

Matrices as a rectangular array of real numbers, equality of matrices,

addition, multiplication by a scalar and product of matrices, transpose of a
matrix, determinant of a square matrix of order up to three, inverse of a
square matrix of order up to three, properties of these matrix operations,
diagonal, symmetric and skew-symmetric matrices and  their properties,
solutions of simultaneous linear equations in two or three variables.

Addition and multiplication rules of probability, conditional probability, Bayes

Theorem, independence of events, computation of probability of events
using permutations and combinations.

Trigonometry: 

Trigonometric functions, their periodicity and graphs, addition and

subtraction formulae, formulae involving multiple and sub-multiple angles,
general solution of trigonometric equations.

Relations between sides and angles of a triangle, sine rule, cosine rule, half-
angle formula and the area of a triangle, inverse trigonometric functions
(principal value only).
Analytical geometry:

Two dimensions: 

Cartesian coordinates, distance between two points, section formulae, shift

of origin.

Equation of a straight line in various forms, angle between two lines,

distance of a point from a line; Lines through the point of intersection of two
given lines, equation of the bisector of the angle between two lines,
concurrency of lines;  Centroid, orthocentre, incentre and circumcentre of a
triangle.

Equation of a circle in various forms, equations of tangent, normal and

chord.

Parametric equations of a circle, intersection of a circle with a straight line or

a circle, equation of a circle through the points  of  intersection of two circles
and those of a circle and a straight line.

Equations of a parabola, ellipse and hyperbola in standard form, their foci,

directrices and eccentricity, parametric equations, equations of tangent and
normal.

Locus Problems.

Three dimensions: 

Direction cosines and direction ratios, equation of a straight line in space,

equation of a plane, distance of a point from a plane.

Differential calculus:

Real valued functions of a real variable, into, onto and one-to-one functions,
sum, difference, product and quotient of two functions, composite functions,
absolute value, polynomial, rational, trigonometric, exponential and
logarithmic functions.

Limit and continuity of a function, limit and continuity of the sum, difference,
product and quotient of two functions, L’Hospital rule of evaluation of limits
of functions.

Even and odd functions, inverse of a function, continuity of composite

functions, intermediate value property of continuous functions.

Derivative of a function, derivative of the sum,

difference, product and quotient of two functions, chain rule, derivatives of

polynomial, rational, trigonometric, inverse trigonometric, exponential and
logarithmic functions.
Derivatives of implicit functions, derivatives up to order two, geometrical
interpretation of the derivative, tangents and normals, increasing and
decreasing functions, maximum and minimum values of a function, Rolle’s
Theorem and Lagrange’s Mean Value Theorem.

Integral calculus: 

Integration as the inverse process of differentiation, indefinite integrals of

standard functions, definite integrals and their properties, Fundamental
Theorem of Integral Calculus.

Integration by parts, integration by the methods of substitution and partial

fractions, application of definite integrals to the determination of areas
involving simple curves.

Formation of ordinary differential equations, solution of homogeneous

differential equations, separation of variables method, linear first order
differential equations.

Vectors: 

Addition of vectors, scalar multiplication, dot and cross products, scalar triple
products and their geometrical interpretations.