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By: Dr. Pamela Josefina T. Fabie

This document summarizes the 12 cranial nerves, including their component (motor, sensory, mixed), function, origin point in the brain, and opening through the skull. It describes that cranial nerves I, II, and VIII are sensory nerves involved in smell, vision, and hearing respectively. Cranial nerves III, IV, VI control eye movement and pupil constriction. The trigeminal nerve (V) is mixed and innervates face sensation and muscles of mastication. The facial nerve (VII) is also mixed and controls face muscles and taste. The vagus nerve (X) is the longest and most complex, controlling heart rate, digestion and more.

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73 views48 pages

By: Dr. Pamela Josefina T. Fabie

This document summarizes the 12 cranial nerves, including their component (motor, sensory, mixed), function, origin point in the brain, and opening through the skull. It describes that cranial nerves I, II, and VIII are sensory nerves involved in smell, vision, and hearing respectively. Cranial nerves III, IV, VI control eye movement and pupil constriction. The trigeminal nerve (V) is mixed and innervates face sensation and muscles of mastication. The facial nerve (VII) is also mixed and controls face muscles and taste. The vagus nerve (X) is the longest and most complex, controlling heart rate, digestion and more.

Uploaded by

raveena rajput
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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By: Dr. Pamela Josefina T.

Fabie
Cranial Nerve I
 Component: Sensory

 Function: Smell

 Origin: Olfactory receptor nerve cells

 Opening to the Skull: Openings in


cribriform plate of ethmoid
Cranial Nerve II
 Component: Sensory

 Function: Vision

 Origin: Back of the eyeball

 Opening to the Skull: Optic Canal


Cranial Nerve III
 Component: Motor

 Function:
 Raises upper eyelid
 Turns eyeball upward, downward and
medially
 Constricts pupil
 Accommodates the eye

 Origin: Anterior surface of the midbrain

 Opening to the Skull: Superior orbital fissure


Cranial Nerve IV
 Component: Motor

 Function: Assisting in turning eyeball


downward and laterally

 Origin: Posterior surface of the midbrain

 Opening to the Skull: Superior orbital fissure


Cranial Nerve V
V. Trigeminal Nerve
 Component: Sensory

 Function:
 Cornea
 Skin of forehead
 Scalp
 Eyelids and nose
 Mucous membranes of paranasal
sinuses and nasal cavity

 Origin: Anterior aspect of the pons

 Opening to the Skull: Superior orbital fissure


Infratrochlear
V1. Ophthalmic Nerve
o Component: Sensory

o Function:
o Skin of the face over maxilla
o Teeth of the upper jaw
o Mucous membrane of the nose, the
maxillary sinus and palate

o Origin: Anterior aspect of the pons

o Opening to the Skull: Foramen ovale


V2. Maxillary Nerve
o Component: a. Motor

o Function:
o Muscles of mastication
o Mylohyoid
o Anterior belly of digastric
o Tensor veli palatine
o Tensor tympani

o Origin: Anterior aspect of the pons

o Opening to the Skull: Foramen Rotundum


• Component: b. Sensory

• Function:
• Skin of cheek
• Skin over mandible and side of head
• Teeth of lower jaw and TMJ
• Mucous membrane of mouth and anterior
part of tongue

• Origin: Anterior aspect of the pons

• Opening to the Skull: Foramen Rotundum


V3. Mandibular Nerve
Cranial Nerve VI
 Component: Motor

 Function: Lateral rectus muscle turns eyeball


laterally

 Origin: Medulla oblongata

 Opening to the Skull: Superior orbital fissure


VI. Abducent Nerve
Cranial Nerve VII
 Component: Mixed

 Function:
Motor
• muscles of the face and scalp
• Stapedius muscle
• Posterior belly of digastric
• Stylohyoid muscles

 Function:
Sensory
• Taste from ant. 2/3 of tongue, from the floor of the
mouth and palate
 Function:
Secretomotor
• Submandibular and sublingual salivary glands
• Lacrimal gland
• Glands of nose and palate

 Origin: Medulla oblongata

 Opening to the Skull: internal acoustic


meatus, facial canal, stylomastoid foramen
VII. Facial Nerve
Cranial Nerve VIII
o Component: Sensory

o Function:
o Vestibular - Saculae, saccule, semicircular
canals – position of head
o Cochlear – Organ of Corti - hearing

o Origin: Medulla oblongata

o Opening to the Skull: Internal acoustic meatus


VIII. Vestibulocochlear Nerve
Cranial Nerve IX
 Component: Mixed

 Function:
 Function: • Sensory
• Motor • General sensation and
• Stylopharyngeus taste from post. ½ of the
muscle – assists tongue and pharynx
swallowing • Carotis sinus and carotid
body

 Function:
• Secretomotor
• Parotid gland
 Origin: Medulla oblongata

 Opening to the Skull: Jugular foramen


IX. Glossopharyngeal Nerve
Cranial Nerve X
 Component: Motor

 Function:
 Heart and great thoracic blood vessels
 Larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs
 Alimentary tract from pharynx to splenic
flexure of colon
 Liver, kidney, pancreas

 Origin: Medulla oblongata

 Opening to the Skull: Jugular foramen


X. Vagus Nerve
Cranial Nerve XI
 Component: Motor

 Function:
 Cranial root
 Muscles of soft palate (except tensor veli palatini)
 Muscles pharynx (except styopharyngeus)
 Muscles of larynx (except cricothyroid)

 Spinal root
 Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscle

 Origin: medulla oblongata

 Opening to the Skull: Jugular foramen


Cranial Nerve XII
 Component: Motor

 Function: Muscles of tongue (except


palatoglossus controlling its shape
and movement)

 Origin: Medulla oblongata

 Opening to the Skull: Hypoglossal canal


END

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