1130 Input and Output Limitations Slides - 0
1130 Input and Output Limitations Slides - 0
"&/0&12"+343$(&5'6&)34+7443(8&$9&',9&3(97-&'()&$7-97-&
#3,3-':$(4;&&0(&-.34&<3)"$&*"=##&)34+744&$9&',9&+$,,$(>,$)"&3(97-&<$#-'8"%&3(97-&
'()&$7-97-&<$#-'8"&4*3(8,3-':$(4%&'()&4.$*&.$*&-$&)"-"2,3("&-."&4$72+"&$?&
+32+73-&"22$24&+'74")&6@&-."4",3-':$(4;&
&
&
A&
5"-4&4-'2-&6@&+$(43)"23(8&-.34&43,9#"&($(>3(<"2:(8&67B"2&+32+73-;&&C(&-23'(8#">*'<"&
3(97-&438('#&$?&DE>&A;FG&34&'99#3")&-$&-."&($(>3(<"2:(8&3(97-%&'()&$("&,38.-&"H9"+-&
-."&$7-97-&-$&#$$I&"H'+-#@&-."&4',";&J$2&4$,"&2"'4$(%&-."&$9&',9&$7-97-&)$"4&($-&
3(+2"'4"&9'4-&DAG;&/.34&-@9"&$?&($(#3("'23-@&34&+'##")&K+#3993(8;L&
&
M.'-&34&+'743(8&-.34&+#3993(8&6".'<3$2N&M"=##&'(4*"2&-.34&O7"4:$(&#'-"2&3(&-."&#"+-72"%&
67-&P24-&#"-=4&)"P("&4$,"&-"2,4&-.'-&'2"&("+"44'2@&-$&92$9"2#@&7()"24-'()&-.34&3447";&
Q&
Definition này
S$,,$(&,$)"&<$#-'8"&34&)"P(")&'4&-."&'<"2'8"&<$#-'8"&*.3+.&34&'99#3")&-$&-."&-*$&
3(97-4&$?&'(&',9#3P"2;&&0(&-."&+'4"&$?&'(&$9&',9%&-."&-*$&3(97-4&'2"&'-&-."&92'+:+'##@&
4',"&9$-"(:'#%&*3-.&$(#@&'&4,'##&$B4"-&6"-*""(&-.",;&&T$%&"B"+:<"#@&@$7&+'(&4""&
-."&+$,,$(&,$)"&<$#-'8"&$(&"3-."2&3(97-;&
&
R&
S$,,$(&,$)"&3(97-&<$#-'8"&2'(8"&34&'#4$&I($*(&'4&3(97-&<$#-'8"&4*3(8;&&/.34&-"2,&
)"4+236"4&-."&2'(8"&$?&3(97-&+$,,$(&,$)"&<$#-'8"4&-.'-&+'(&6"&74")&?$2&($2,'#&
#3("'2&$9"2':$(&$?&-."&',9#3P"2;&&/."&+$,,$(&,$)"&3(97-&<$#-'8"&2'(8"&34&'#*'@4&
)"P(")&2"#':<"&-$&-."&9$43:<"&4799#@&'()&-."&("8':<"&4799#@;&&M."(&@$7&"H+"")&-."&
+$,,$(&,$)"&3(97-&2'(8"%&-."&$7-97-&6"+$,"4&($(#3("'2;&&&
&
V7-97-&<$#-'8"&4*3(8&34&-."&2'(8"&$?&$7-97-&<$#-'8"4&-.'-&'##$*&?$2("'2&$9"2':$(&
$?&$7-97-&438('#4;&&V7-97-&4*3(8&34&'#4$&)"P(")&2"#':<"&-$&-."&9$*"2&4799#3"4;&&/."&
$7-97-&438('#&6"+$,"4&)34-$2-")&'()&($(>#3("'2&3?&@$7&"H+"")&-."&$9&',9=4&$7-97-&
4*3(8&49"+3P+':$(4;&&
U&
Cho cái ảnh này vào để nói này
5"-=4&#$$I&'-&.$*&+$,,$(&,$)"&<$#-'8"&'()&3(97-&'()&$7-97-&<$#-'8"&4*3(8&'2"&
-@93+'##@&)"P(")&$(&'&)'-'&4.""-;&
&
/."&+$,,$(&,$)"&<$#-'8"&2'(8"&34&)"P(")&."2"&*3-.&-."&,3(3,7,&'()&,'H3,7,&
#3,3-4&83<"(&2"#':<"&-$&-."&9$*"2&4799#3"4;&&/."&("8':<"&4799#@%&G>%&34&W"2$&<$#-4&3(&
-.34&+'4"%&4$&W"2$&<$#-4&,3(74&X;AG&83<"4&74&>X;AG&?$2&-."&,3(3,7,&+$,,$(&,$)"&
#3,3-':$(;&&/."&9$43:<"&4799#@%&GD%&34&FG%&4$&FG&,3(74&R;FG&83<"4&74&A;FG&?$2&-."&
,'H3,7,&+$,,$(&,$)",3-':$(;&&/."2"?$2"%&'99#@3(8&'(&3(97-&+$,,$(&,$)"&
<$#-'8"&6"#$*&>X;AG&$2&'6$<"&A;FG&*3##&2"47#-&3(&($(#3("'2&$7-97-;&
&
/."&$7-97-&4*3(8&34&83<"(&."2"%&'()&3-=4&-."&4',"&-@9"&$?&)"P(3:$(&*.3+.&34&2"#':<"&
-$&-."&4799#@&<$#-'8"4;&&/."&,3(3,7,&$7-97-&<$#-'8"&34&G>&D&X;QG%&$2&X;QG&3(&-.34&+'4"%&
'()&-."&,'H3,7,&$7-97-&<$#-'8"&34&GD&>&X;QG%&$2&U;YG;&Z23<3(8&-."&$7-97-&6"#$*&X;QG&
$2&'6$<"&U;YG&*3##&+'74"&-."&$7-97-&-$&6"+$,"&($(#3("'2;&
F&
5"-=4&)34+744&*.'-&"#","(-4&3(43)"&-."&',9#3P"2&'+-7'##@&+'74"&-."&3(97-&'()&$7-97-&
#3,3-':$(4;&&&
&
V(&-."&#"\&@$7&+'(&4""&'&-@93+'#&S]VT&3(97-&4-'8";&&C4&-."&+$,,$(&,$)"&3(97-&
438('#&'992$'+."4&"3-."2&-."&9$43:<"&$2&("8':<"&4799#@%&-."&3(97-&-2'(434-$24&*3##&
"3-."2&4'-72'-"&$2&+7-$B;&&T'-72':$(&'()&+7-$B&'2"&6$-.&($(#3("'2&,$)"4&$?&
$9"2':$(%&4$&-."&',9#3P"2&+'(($-("'2#@&',9#3?@&-."&3(97-&438('#;&&/.34&34&*.'-&
+'74"4&-."&+$,,$(&,$)"&3(97-&<$#-'8",3-':$(;&&1#"'4"&I""9&3(&,3()&-.'-&4$,"&
S]VT&',9#3P"24&.'<"&+$,,$(&,$)",3-':$(4&*.3+.&'2"&<"2@&("'2&$2&"<"(&6"@$()&
-."&9$*"2&4799#@&2'3#4;&
&
/."&$7-97-&4-'8"&<$#-'8"&4*3(8,3-':$(&+'74")&6@&-."&4'-72':$(&'()&)3$)"&)2$94&
$(&3(-"2('#&-2'(434-$24;&&S]VT&',9#3P"24&-"()&-$&.'<"&6"^"2&$7-97-&<$#-'8"&4*3(8&
#3,3-':$(4%&6"+'74"&S]VT&-2'(434-$24&+'(&.'<"&#$*"2&4'-72':$(&<$#-'8"4;&&&
&
C,9#3P"24&*.3+.&+'(&'++"9-&+$,,$(&,$)"&3(97-&<$#-'8"&2'(8"4&79&-$&-."&9$*"2&
4799#@&2'3#4%&'()&+'(&4*3(8&-."&$7-97-&<$#-'8"&("'2&-."&4799#@&2'3#4%&'2"&2"?"22")&-$&'4&
2'3#>-$>2'3#&',9#3P"24;&
[&
!"2"&'2"&-*$&"H',9#"&+32+73-4&*.3+.&.'<"&<"2@&)3B"2"(-&+$,,$(&,$)"&
+$(43)"2':$(4;&&&
&
/."&$9&',9&3(&-."&+32+73-&$(&-."&#"\&34&3(&'(&3(<"2:(8&+$(P872':$(%&'()&($:+"&-.'-&
-."&($(>3(<"2:(8&3(97-&34&+$(("+-")&-$&`aZ%&$2&XG;&b"+'74"&$?&-."&6'43+&92$9"2:"4&
$?&$9&',94%&-."&3(<"2:(8&3(97-&*3##&'#4$&6"&'-&'992$H3,'-"#@&XG;&/."2"?$2"%&-."&
+$,,$(&,$)"&3(97-&<$#-'8"&$?&-.34&+32+73-&34&XG%&'()&4-'@4&'-&'&+$(4-'(-&XG&
2"8'2)#"44&$?&-."&3(97-&438('#;&/.34&34&'&8$$)&-$9$#$8@&-$&74"&-$&'<$3)&+$,,$(&,$)"&
#3,3-':$(4;&&&&
&
/."&$9&',9&3(&-."&+32+73-&$(&-."&238.-&34&3(&'&($(>3(<"2:(8&+$(P872':$(%&'()&-."&
3(97-&438('#&34&+$(("+-")&-$&-."&($(>3(<"2:(8&3(97-;&/."&3(97-&438('#&'()&-."&
+$,,$(&,$)"&438('#&*3##&-2'+I&"'+.&$-."2&c&3(&$-."2&*$2)4%&*."(&-."&3(97-&438('#&
+.'(8"4%&-."&+$,,$(&,$)"&438('#&*3##&'#4$&+.'(8";&S'2"&,74-&6"&-'I"(&3(&-.34&
+$(P872':$(&-$&'<$3)&"H+"")3(8&-."&+$,,$(>,$)"&<$#-'8",3-':$(4&$?&-."&
',9#3P"2;&
_&
5"-=4&($*&+$(43)"2&'&2"'#>*$2#)&+32+73-&"H',9#";&&
&
M"&.'<"&'(&$9&',9&3(&'&6'43+&67B"2&+$(P872':$(;&V("&,38.-&"H9"+-&-$&4""&XG&'-&-."&
$7-97-%&$2&'&4,'##&$B4"-&)"9"()3(8&$(&-."&GVT&49"+3P+':$(&$?&-."&)"<3+";&!$*"<"2%&
'\"2&27((3(8&'&ZS&43,7#':$(&*"&4""&-.'-&-."&$7-97-&34&'#,$4-&QXX,Gd&/."&,'H3,7,&
GVT&34&$(#@&AQXeG%&4$&*.'-=4&-."&92$6#",N&
&
J324-&#"-=4&#$$I&'-&-."&3(97-&+$,,$(&,$)"&2'(8";&f43(8&-."&4',"&-"+.(3O7"&'4&
6"?$2"%&*"&+'(&+$,97-"&-."&+$,,$(&,$)"&2'(8"&-$&6"&?2$,&>X;AG&-$&A;FG;&&/."&
3(97-&34&+$(("+-")&-$&`aZ%&$2&XG%&*.3+.&34&6"-*""(&-."&+$,,$(&,$)",3-4&$?&>X;AG&
'()&A;FG%&4$&-."2"&34&($&+$,,$(&,$)"&3(97-&<$#-'8"&<3$#':$(;&
&
a$*&#"-=4&#$$I&'-&-."&$7-97-&<$#-'8"&4*3(8&2'(8";&&C8'3(%&*"&+'(&+$,97-"&-."&$7-97-&
2'(8"&-$&6"&?2$,&X;QG&-$&U;YG;&&b'4")&$(&-."&3(97-&438('#%&-."&',9#3P"2&*'(-4&-$&)23<"&
-."&$7-97-&-$&XG%&67-&-.34&34&6"#$*&-."&,3(3,7,&$7-97-&$?&X;QGd&/."2"?$2"&-."&
$7-97-&<$#-'8"&2'(8"&34&6"3(8&<3$#'-")%&*.3+.&+'74"4&-."&'+-7'#&$7-97-&-$&+#39&("'2#@&
-."&X;QG,3-%&'-&A_A,G;&
Y&
5"-4&#$$I&'-&'($-."2&"H',9#";&a$-"&-.'-&-.34&+32+73-&.'4&'&)3B"2"(-&9$*"2&4799#@&
'22'(8","(-%&*."2"&-."&4799#3"4&'2"&DE>Q;FG;&&&
&
5"-=4&P24-&+$(43)"2&-."&$7-97-&<$#-'8"&2'(8";&f43(8&-."&)'-'&4.""-&49"+3P+':$(4&'()&
-."&83<"(&9$*"2&4799#@&<$#-'8"4%&-."&$7-97-&2'(8"&34&+'#+7#'-")&-$&6"&?2$,&>Q;RG&-$&
DQ;RG;&/."&',9#3P"2&*'(-4&-$&)23<"&-."&$7-97-&-$&W"2$&XG%&'()&W"2$&34&3(43)"&-."&
$7-97-&2'(8"%&4$&-.34&+32+73-&)$"4&($-&.'<"&'(&$7-97-&<$#-'8"&4*3(8&<3$#':$(;&
&
M.'-&'6$7-&-."&3(97-N&&/."&'99#3")&3(97-&+$,,$(&,$)"&<$#-'8"&34&W"2$&<$#-4&'4&3(&
-."&92"<3$74&+32+73-%&67-&-."&3(97-&+$,,$(&,$)"&<$#-'8"&2'(8"&34&($*&?2$,&>Q;[G&-$&
>AG;&XG&34&'6$<"&-.'-&2'(8"%&4$&*"&.'<"&'&<3$#':$(&$?&-."&3(97-&+$,,$(&,$)"&2'(8";&
/.'-&34&*.@&*"&4""&.7()2")4&$?&,3##3<$#-4&'-&-."&$7-97-%&2'-."2&-.'(&,3+2$<$#-4;&
&
g&
J3('##@%&#"-=4&2"-72(&-$&$72&$2383('#&92$6#",&$?&$7-97-&<$#-'8"&+#3993(8&9'4-&AG&$(&-."&
V1C_RF;&&
&
5"-=4&P24-&+$(43)"2&-."&$7-97-&<$#-'8"&2'(8";&f43(8&-."&)'-'&4.""-&49"+3P+':$(4&'()&
-."&83<"(&9$*"2&4799#@&<$#-'8"4%&-."&$7-97-&2'(8"&34&+'#+7#'-")&-$&6"&?2$,&>Q;UYG&-$&
DQ;UYG;&/."&',9#3P"2&*'(-4&-$&)23<"&-."&$7-97-&?2$,&>A;FG&-$&DA;FG%&*.3+.&34&*3-.3(&
-."&($2,'#&$7-97-&2'(8"%&4$&-.34&+32+73-&)$"4&($-&.'<"&'(&$7-97-&<$#-'8"&4*3(8&
<3$#':$(;&
&
M.'-&'6$7-&-."&3(97-N&&C8'3(%&743(8&-."&)'-'&4.""-&49"+3P+':$(4%&-."&'##$*")&
+$,,$(>,$)"&<$#-'8"&2'(8"&34&+'#+7#'-")&-$&6"&?2$,&>Q;[G&-$&DAG;&b"+'74"&-.34&$9&
',9&34&3(&'&($(>3(<"2:(8&67B"2&+$(P872':$(%&-."&GS]&-2'+I4&-."&3(97-%&*.3+.&34&
?2$,&>A;FG&-$&DA;FG;&T3(+"&-."&,'H3,7,&GS]&34&DAG%&*"&'2"&"H+"")3(8&-."&,'H3,7,&
6@&'99#@3(8&'&-23'(8#"&*'<"&79&-$&DA;FG;&/.34&<3$#'-"4&-."&3(97-&+$,,$(&,$)"&2'(8"&
'()&4'-72'-"4&-."&3(97-&4-'8"&-2'(434-$24%&4$&-."&$7-97-&+#394&'-&AG;&
AX&
Phương trình bậc hai và định lí Viet
ax^2 +bx+c = 0
D = b^2 - 4ac
D < 0 pt vo nghiem
D = 0 pt co nghiem kep x1=x2
D >0 pt/.'-&+$(+#7)"4&-.34&<3)"$&c&-.'(I&@$7&?$2&*'-+.3(8d&1#"'4"&-2@&-."&O73W&-$&+."+I&@$72&
co 2 nghiem phan biet x1, x2
7()"24-'()3(8&$?&-.34&<3)"$=4&+$(-"(-;&
Dinh li Viet: Nếu phương trình bậc 2 có nghiệm x1, x2 (D >= 0) thì:
(1) x1+ x2 = -b/a
(2) x1.x2 = c/a
AA&