• When intercourse happens between a healthy,

sexually mature male and female then fertilization

may take place and pregnancy (gestation period)
begins.

• The first 22 pairs are called autosomes, and the

23rd pair are the sex chromosomes (XX or XY).
SOCIOBIOLOGICAL/EVOLUTIONARY
• This perspective studies how evolutionary
forces after sexual behavior.
• Natural selection is a process by which
organisms that are best suited to their
environment are most likely to survive.
 PSYCHOLOGICAL
• Rosenthal (2013), explained that sexuality is not a mere
physical response. Rather, it also involves emotions, thoughts,
and beliefs.
• Sigmund Freud said that human beings are faced with two
forces- sex instinct or libido (pleasure) and death or
aggressive instinct (harm toward oneself or others).
• Erogenous zones are a person’s libido or sexual energy which
is located in an area of the body at different psychosexual stages.
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT
a) Oral Stage - the child erogenous zone is the mouth which receives
gratification through eating and sucking.
b)Anal Stage - the erogenous zone is the anus in which sexual gratification is
derived from defecation.
c) Phallic stage - erogenous zone is the genitals. (Oedipus complex or Electra
complex)
d)Latency stage - sexual impulses lie dormant as the child is occupied by
social activities.
e) Genital stage - erogenous zone is again in genitals. Sexual attraction is
directed towards others, usually one of the opposite sex.
 STRUCTURES OF PERSONALITY
a)Id - the pleasure principle. In which always seeks
for pleasure and aggression.
b)Superego - the moral principle. It is the
person’s sense of morality.
c)Ego - the analytical principle. Thinks of ways to
satisfy the need in an acceptable manner.
 RELIGIOUS
• Judaism holds a positive and natural outlook toward marital sex which they consider as
blessed by God and pleasurable for both man and woman.
• In Islam, family is considered of utmost importance, and celibacy within marriage is
prohibited.
• Taoism, which is originated in China, sex is not only natural and healthy, but a sacred
union necessary to people’s physical, mental and spiritual being.
• In Hinduism, sexuality is seen as spiritual force, and the act of ritual lovemaking is a
means of both celebrating and transcending the physical.
• For the Roman Catholic, marriage is purely for intercourse and procreation.
• The word sex is derived from the latin word: Secare means ‘to divide’
Sexuality means ‘to unite’

• Sexual Arousal is the arousal of sexual desire, during on in anticipation

of sexual activity.

• Sexual Identity is about how you see and express yourself sexually like
who you have crush, on who you want to go out with, and who you want
to have sexual experiences with.

• Gender Assignment is the determination of an infant’s sex at birth.

• Masculine qualities and things relate to or are considered typical of

men, in contrast in women.
Three Phases of Romantic Love (Helen
Fisher and colleagues, 1998)
EROS (EH-ros)

• Love is based on strong sexual and emotional component.

• This style is typically experienced as a romantic, fairytale-type

love.

• Physical beauty is important to this love style.

• Attraction is intense and immediate (“head over heels”).

AGAPE (AH-gah-pay)

• A selfless and unconditional love.

• This person shows his love without expecting to receive.

• The individual is willing to sacrifice anything for their partner.

• This individual are giving, caring, and focused on their partner’s

needs than their own.
STORGE (Store-gay)

• This is love-related friendship and based on nonsexual affection.

• The individual experiences gradual and slow process.

• When love is storge, love takes time.

• Commitment, stability and comfort are their goals.

LUDUS
• Love is just a game (for fun or entertainment)

• Ludic individuals can be dangerous lovers and tend to see love as a

game (they are playing to win.)

• They don’t value commitment or intimacy.

• They manipulate their partners by cheating, deceiving, and lying.

MANIA
• This characterized by an intense feeling.

• It may lead to obsessive or possesive love.

• jealousy is often an issue to manic lovers.

• They are easily taken advantage of by ludic lovers.

PRAGMA
• This is a practical and business-like love.

• People who prefer this style approach their relationship in a

"business-like" fashion and look for partners with whom they
can share common goals.

• For them, Love is based on what is appropriate.

1. Intimacy
Desire to Give and Receive Emotional Closeness,
Support, Caring, and Sharing.
2. Passion
Intensely Romantic or sexual desire for another
person usually accompanied by physical attraction
and physiological arousal.
3. Commitment
This is the Cold Component of Love. Its is the
decision to maintain the relationship through Good
Times and Bad Times.
 TYPES OF LOVE
1. Liking (Intimacy)
2. Infatuation(Passion)
3. Empty Love (Commitment)
4. Romantic Love (Passion and Intimacy)
5. Companionate Love (Intimacy and
Commitment)
6. Fatous Love (Passion and Commitment)
7. Consumnate Love (Passion, Intimacy, and
Commitment.)
THERE IS A PART OF
THE BRAIN THAT IS
ACTIVE WHEN PEOPLE
ARE TRULY, DEEPLY
AND MADLY IN LOVE.
BEHAVIORAL REINFORCEMENT THEORY

•When someone received a reward such as

free ride or other from another, a positive
feeling may be experienced.

• The better the feelings associated with

the behaviour of a person, the more likely
it is for the behaviour to be repeated.
 PHYSIOLOGICAL AROUSAL THEORY

• the most acceptable theories about

emotions: the bodies experience
physiological change first, then people
assign an emotion to that physical
sensation.

• It is based on interpretation of the brain.

 EVOLUTIONARY THEORIES

• This explains that love arose due to some

sociobiological need.

- Males tend to look for young, healthy female

mates to carry their offspring.
- Females prefer males who have the
resources to support them and their offspring.
Based on social psychological data, the factors that
would determine with whom people fall in love are
(Rosenthal, 2013):
1.Physical Attractiveness (though beauty is in the eye of
the beholder)
2. Reciprocity (people tends to like an individual who also
like them)
3. Proximity (being around anytime physically or
virtually)
4. Similarities (Same, age, religion, education, race,
physical attractiveness, intellegence and socio-
economic class)
Adolescence is not only a time of physical changes, it is also the
period of increased sexual behavior such as preoccupation with
sexual curiosity, fantasies, masturbation and sexual experimentation.
These sexual desires may lead to poor social judgement, high risk
behaviors and lack of discrimination (Rosenthal,2013)

Not all sexual arousal could lead to sexual activity. Humans

are constantly exposed to sexual stimuli when seeing attractive
persons or seeing advertisement with sexual themes through mass
media.
One of the necessary tasks of growing up is learning to cope with one’s sexual arousal
and to achieve some balance between when and where to properly express and
suppress it.
1. Sociosexual behavior – Sexual behavior involving more than one person. It is
generally expressed in heterosexual behavior (Male with female) and homosexual
behavior (Male with male or female with female)
2. Solitary behavior – Self masturbation or self-stimulation with the intention of
causing sexual arousal, a feeling of pleasure and often results in orgasm. According to
Rosenthal (2013) children may masturbate at a very young age which may be
spontaneously expressed unless or until the child is taught to repress or inhibit these
behaviors
• There are therapeutic benefits to health in self-stimulation. Aside from producing
sexual pleasure, it may relieve stress and lower blood pressure.
• It improves man's fertility because ejaculation flushes out the old, less motile
sperm left behind in the urethra. Also, it lowers a man’s chance of getting prostate
cancer.
• Recent finding contradict historical beliefs that masturbation is dangerous and
sinful.
• Masturbation was once thought to lead to impaired morals, depression, social
failure, epilepsy, tuberculosis, blindness, insanity, sterility and early death
(Shannon, 1913 in Rosenthal, 2013)
• During the sexual revolution of the 1960s, masturbation began to be more
accepted. When former U.S. Surgeon General Jocelyn Elders stated that because
masturbation was safe and healthy.
• If masturbation begins to interfere with your life such as frequently missing
work or social engagement-then it is a sign that a person has a problem
(Rosenthal, 2013)
• Erotic dreams – Involuntary images that occur when people are asleep
• Females – these images alone can result in vaginal lubrication and penile
erection and orgasm.
• Males – these are called nocturnal emission or wet dreams.
• Not all erotic dreams are wet dreams and not all wet dreams are erotic.
• Nocturnal emissions – most likely to occur during teenage and early
adult years but they can occur throughout one’s life.
Less often a man masturbates, the more nocturnal emissions he will have.
Sexual behavior that majority of societies will always
consider wrong or deviant. Having intercourse
indiscriminately with several partners is not healthy due to the
risk of acquiring sex related diseases and engaging in paraphilic
behavior, a condition characterized by abnormal sexual desires,
typically involving extreme or dangerous activities.
Rosenthal (2013) defined sexual orientation as a
person’s predisposition or inclination regarding sexual
behavior emotional attachment or physical attraction
too one or both sexes. “Sexual Orientation” is preferred
over “Sexual Preference” which implies a conscious or
deliberate choice od a sexual partner.
 CONTRACEPTIVE

Medicines and other

devices that are used to
prevent unwanted
pregnancy.
1. Hormonal method of contraception
(prevents the release of an egg or ovulation)
a. Oral contraceptives (Pills)
Daily oral contraceptives
b. The patch
A small patch you stick on to the skin that releases estrogen and
progestogen.
c. The ring
A small plastic ring a woman inserts into her vagina every month and
releases hormones to stop ovulation.
c. Implants
A small flexible rod that is place under the skin of the upper arm by a
health professional and releases progestogen to stop ovulation.
c. Injectable
A long acting reversible contraception
ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE (Pills) THE PATCH
THE RING

IMPLANTS INJECTABLE
 2. Barrier methods (physically or chemically block the sperm from
reaching an egg and provide a barrier between direct skin to skin
contacts)

a)Diaphragm
A soft dome made of latex or silicone and is used with
spermicide.
a)Cervical caps
• Similar to the diaphragm Male and Female condoms or
spermicides.
• Male condom made up of thin latex.
• Female condom made of thin polyurethane that loosely
lines the vagina.
 3. Behavioral Methods
a)Rhythm or Calendar Method
A way to determine a woman's most fertile and infertile times
by charting the menstrual cycle Also known as natural family
planning or fertility awareness.
a)Abstinence or celibacy
It refer to the avoidance of sexual intercourse.
a)Outercourse
A sexual activity that does not include the insertion of the
penis into the vagina.
a)Withdrawal (Latin-coitus interruptus)
Happens when a man removes his penis from the vagina and
ejaculates outside of the woman's body.
4. Sterilization (procedure that make an individual permanently
incapable of conceiving or fertilizing a partner)

a) Tubal ligation/ sterilization

A surgery for woman in which fallopian tubes
are tied to prevent eggs from travelling to the
uterus so a woman cannot get pregnant
b) Vasectomy
An operation in which surgeon makes a small
cut in the upper part of the scrotum then ties or
blocks the vas deferens
5. Intrauterine Devices
(IUD) - a small device that
is placed in the uterus by
a doctor to prevent
pregnancy.
6. Emergency Contraception
(EC) - an measure that
protects against pregnancy
after unprotected sex has
already occurred. It could be
through IUD or higher
dosage of pills
Activity No. 7: The Sexual Self
Use different art materials to make a
slogan or poster on a short bond
paper that would focus on HIV/AIDS
awareness and prevention.