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The document presents a quantitative research study on utilizing a pressure plate as an alternative source of energy. The study was conducted by students from Pulo Senior High School in Cabuyao, Laguna, Philippines. The research aims to determine the voltage output of a pressure plate generator and its ability to power small appliances. A quasi-experimental research design is used where data on the voltage generated by stepping on different pressure plate prototypes is collected and analyzed. The significance of findings on geared versus normal DC motor designs is also investigated.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
80 views11 pages

Gamma Group IMRaD Format

The document presents a quantitative research study on utilizing a pressure plate as an alternative source of energy. The study was conducted by students from Pulo Senior High School in Cabuyao, Laguna, Philippines. The research aims to determine the voltage output of a pressure plate generator and its ability to power small appliances. A quasi-experimental research design is used where data on the voltage generated by stepping on different pressure plate prototypes is collected and analyzed. The significance of findings on geared versus normal DC motor designs is also investigated.

Uploaded by

Kian Pura
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CITY SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CABUYAO

Pulo Senior High School


Pulo, City of Cabuyao, Laguna

UTILIZATION OF PRESSURE PLATE AS AN

ALTERNATIVE SOURCE OF ENERGY

A Quantitative Research

presented to the Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics

PULO SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Pulo, City of Cabuyao, Laguna

in partial fulfillment of the requirements in

INQUIRIES, INVESTIGATIONS, AND IMMERSION

Andal, Mark Gemson A.

Baluca, Remark B.

Florano, Mark Owen A.

Miguel, Shunrey

Grade 12- STEM

Angelie Joyce G. Parangalan, LPT

Research Adviser

July 2021
CITY SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CABUYAO
Pulo Senior High School
Pulo, City of Cabuyao, Laguna

I. Abstract

The invention consists of plate flooring, such as wood, for example. When a person walks on these

plates, their weight generates mechanical energy, which is then converted to electricity. We acquire some form

of electricity by stepping on a pressure plate while walking or sprinting. As you can see, this form of renewable

energy can be very beneficial. We think that clean technology has the potential to power a sustainable future

in which people are not just passive consumers. The objective of our study is where the researchers aim to

make a difference and help people save electricity, as electricity is one of our country's major problems

nowadays. If every highway or pathway had this power generator that can generate electricity as an alternative

source of energy, it would reduce the use of fossil fuel to generate electricity.

II. Introduction

Based on Zohuri(2016) electricity is essential not just for our everyday lives at home, but also for everything

that happens in the world around us in modern life, such as the industry that we rely on, communication in the form of

radio, television, e-mail, and the Internet, and so on. Another component of our daily lives that is reliant on energy is

transportation. As stated in the research of Allen, M,R(2009) there is about 3.67 trillion anthropogenic emissions,

which is about half of what has already been emitted since industrialization. NASA(2011) proclaims that too much

concentration of carbon dioxide in the air may result in rising temperature resulting in more water will evaporate which

then magnifies the greenhouse heating fossil fuel by the developing countries, activities like those have risen up global

warming. According to Tong(n.d.) due to alarming concerns about global warming, pollution, and energy security

people find interest in developing renewable and environment friendly energy sources. Wind, solar, hydropower,

geothermal, biomass, and hydrogen as a substitute source of energy and as replacement for fossil fuels.
CITY SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CABUYAO
Pulo Senior High School
Pulo, City of Cabuyao, Laguna

Research to harvest energy has increased in recent years (Duarte, 2016). As stated in the Patil et. al,(2019)

one of the efficient sources of renewable energy is the human energy harvesting in which the energy will come from

expended energy done by humans like walking, opening doors or even typing etc. As well as road-based renewable

technology creates a new chance to harvest renewable energy. In addition, this type of untapped source of energy

has relatively low impact on the environment which may help humanity to minimize the nuclear waste and the increase

of global warming.

III. Literature Review

According to Zohuri(2016) electricity has a very important role in our daily lives, from the alarm that wakes us

up to start a day, in industry electric motors are widely used that also relies on electricity. Like the food we eat , we

store it in the fridge, as well as communicate on platforms like: radio, television, email and internet.in order to maintain

it cool and fresh. Alonazi et. al(2020) mentions in his study that major sources of energy include but are not limited to

coal, natural gas, petroleum, and nuclear energy. He also stated that most of the energy sources have catastrophic

effects on the environment that leads to an increase of global warming.

As indicated by Tong, W. (n.d.). In his study Basics in Wind Power Generation, people are interested in

developing green and environmentally sustainable energy sources as a result of growing concerns about global

warming, emissions, and energy protection. Wind, solar, hydropower, geothermal, biomass, and hydrogen as a

substitute source of energy and as replacement for fossil fuels.

The exponential growth in energy production and the recent improvement in the demand for electricity Need

for renewable and alternative energy sources is still increasing. Research to harvest energy has increased in recent

years.(Duarte, 2016).
CITY SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CABUYAO
Pulo Senior High School
Pulo, City of Cabuyao, Laguna

We believe in the power of renewable technology to power a sustainable future in which people are more than

just users who are not around, but active participants in making the planet a better place. As a result, we came up

with this concept of making a new form of renewable technology that uses kinetic energy according to mobility of

persons as seen by their movements. Implementation of the system in areas where a large number of people is

expected to move constantly, such as educational institutions like universities and subway station entrances and

platforms.

In line with modernization and human labor, the environment is becoming polluted. The use of renewable

energy, clean energy, electrical power pricing, natural resources, renewable energy technologies, and power system

technologies are all part of sustainable growth.

This new type of renewable energy is tested. According to Killian Fox(2015)5 Laurence Kemball-Cook, a

graduate of Loughborough University, he makes a floor tile that would convert kinetic energy from footsteps into

electrical energy, stores the energy and uses it when needed. The product is now at many places, Coca-Cola is one

of the companies that has Pavegen.

The idea was to make a floor tile that would convert the kinetic energy of a footstep into electricity. Electricity

is produced every time someone steps on the tile. The unit can produce electrical power in an unusual way by simply

running or walking in the footsteps of the school. This project employs straightforward drive mechanisms such as a

rock and pinion assembly and a chain drive system. The conversion of force energy into electrical energy is needed

for this project.


CITY SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CABUYAO
Pulo Senior High School
Pulo, City of Cabuyao, Laguna

IV. Research Question

1. What is the average voltage the pressure plate generator produces per step?

2. Will the pressure plate generator power a household appliances like:

a. light bulb

b. electric fan

c. LED

3. What is the significance difference between the voltage output of geared and normal dc motor?

Hypothesis

● The pressure plate is an experiment in which we give subjects a form of treatment or problem, and

analyze the outcomes and figure out how subjects are affected by the procedure.

● The maximum output voltage of the pressure plate generator will be depending on how large the dc

motor.

V. Research Methodology

Research Design

This study will utilize Quantitative Research Design, specifically Quasi-Experimental Research Design.

It is a set of research designs that employ Experiments are implemented in order to predict phenomena. In a

quasi-experimental research design they employ manipulation and controlled testing to better understand

causal processes(Research Connection n.d.). In most cases, one or more variables are manipulated to see

how they affect a dependent variable. As stated by Lauren Thomas(2021) typically, an experiment is designed

to explain some kind of cause and effect. Experimental knowledge is essential to society because it helps us

improve our daily lives. The objective of a quasi-experimental design is to establish a cause-and-effect

relationship between an independent and dependent variable.


CITY SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CABUYAO
Pulo Senior High School
Pulo, City of Cabuyao, Laguna

Collection of Data

The Pressure Plate Power Generator data collection is an experiment in which we give subjects a form

of treatment or problem, and analyze the outcomes and figure out how subjects are affected by the procedure.

Bryman, A. & Bell, E. (2015) quantitative data collection method often attempts to influence or control situations

to explain which treatment or procedure performs or functions to a certain point.

The methods or procedures are very powerful with a huge range of acts or alternatives to solve the

problems. In this experimental research analysis, a particular element that can be added in the output has not

been mainly expended on searching, distinguishing, naming, representing and picking. Such research studies

would most likely benefit investors, organizations, particularly our community(Research Connection).

VI. Result and Discussion

As stated in the study of CED, the dc motor converts mechanical energy into electrical energy by using the

principle of magnetic induction. Voltage is generated in a conductor when it is moved inside a magnetic field in such

a way that it cuts across magnetic lines of flux. The connection between the mechanical energy and the dc motor is a

lever-like type of mechanism, made in order to have an action between the pressure plate and the dc motor. The

researchers make a swappable platform so that the dc motor can be swapped between the geared and normal. The

table below shows the test how much voltage it produces per step. Table 1 shows the geared dc motor. Table 2 shows

the normal dc motor.

Table 1: Output Voltage of Geared DC Motor.

.82 V .83 V 1.20 V .96 V

.90 V .90 V .93 V .89 V

1.03 V .91 V .89 V .92 V


CITY SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CABUYAO
Pulo Senior High School
Pulo, City of Cabuyao, Laguna

.96 V 84 V 1.05 V .90 V

.92 V 1.02 V .83 V .90 V


Mean 930 mV

Table 2: Output Voltage of Normal Motor

.20 V .27 V .23 V .23 V

.26 V .25 V .30 V .25 V

.20 V .22 V .27 V .21 V

.31 V .23 V .21 V .23 V

.22 V .24 V .25 V .25 V


Mean: 241.5 mV

The generator is tested and with further analysis the researchers come up with an average output

voltage per step is 930 mV and 241.5 mV. Researchers occur with the result by trial of the project. It is tested

twenty(20) times, with the 20 steps the researchers get the maximum output voltage per step by taking a

multimeter then running it through the output wire that is connected in the dc motor inside the generator.

Since the generator makes a small amount of voltage it must be stored in a battery to make it usable

with electronic devices. With the average output voltage per step of the generator we can assume and compute

how many steps it would take in order to power an electronic device. An average light bulb requires 120 V, in

order to power the bulb it would take 130 steps with the geared DC motor, it will take 497steps with the normal

DC motor based on our result. A 12 V fan can only take 13 steps with the geared DC motor while 50 steps with

the normal DC motor. According to the rules of the Philippine Electrical Code (PEC), the standard nominal

voltage for residential services is 230V (MERALCO,2019). It would take 260 steps in the pressure plate with
CITY SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CABUYAO
Pulo Senior High School
Pulo, City of Cabuyao, Laguna

the geared DC motor while 953 steps with the normal DC motor in order to have a nominal voltage for

residential services.

VII. Conclusion

Using the multi meter the researchers test the generator and measure the output voltage per step. With the

data collected we determine the average output voltage per step. The generator produces 930 mV per step based on

the result of the researcher analysis.

Assuming that we based on the results we can assume that the power will be stored in a battery in order to

make it usable. a.) it will take 130 steps in order to power a 120V light bulb; b.) a 12 V fan will only take 13 steps; c.)

“It's normally between 2 and 3 volts, and it varies on the color and type of LED,” says MIT Electrical Engineer grad (R,

Wilkins). With that it will only take 2 to 4 steps with the geared DC motor while 9 to 17 steps in the normal dc motor to

power a LED.

With the use of the mean of both DC motors we can conclude that they have different results. As they have a

result of 930 mV and 241.5 mV. There is a significant difference with the result since the geared DC motor has a

higher voltage output per step than the normal DC motor.

VIII. Recommendation

A study where in terms of the results of the analysis, we recommend that this pressure plate can be installed

through different types of area, it also can be considered as one of the new renewable resources that can produce

electricity by stepping in it through footsteps. This project can be manufactured with similar products such as the dc

motor but the future researchers can go with a larger DC motor since in this paper they tried the gear and a normal

DC motor. The installation brings sustainability to life in the school's day-to-day routines, presenting an innovative

tool for engaging lesson plans while supplying power for the lights; from this, students would eventually generate
CITY SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CABUYAO
Pulo Senior High School
Pulo, City of Cabuyao, Laguna

electricity simply by walking. This way, we can help promote our sponsors while also reducing the cost of the plates

through sponsorship.

REFERENCES

Aljohani, M., & Alonazi, M. (2020). Footsteps power generator. ScholarWorks@CWU.

https://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/undergradproj/132/

Allen, M. R., Frame, D. J., Huntingford, C., Jones, C. D., Lowe, J. A., Meinshausen, L., & Meinshausen, N. (2009, April

30). Warming caused by cumulative carbon emissions towards the trillionth tonne. Nature.

https://www.nature.com/articles/nature08019?mod=article_inline

Bryman, A., & Bell. (2015). Quantitative data collection methods. Research-Methodology.

https://research-methodology.net/research-methods/quantitative-research/

CED. (n.d.). PDH Courses Online. PDH for Professional Engineers. PDH Engineering.

https://www.cedengineering.com/userfiles/DC%20Generators%20and%20Motors%20R1.pdf

Duarte, F., & Ferreira, A. (2016, April 12). Energy. Welcome to ICE Virtual Library.

https://www.icevirtuallibrary.com/doi/abs/10.1680/jener.15.00005?journalCode=jener

Fox, K. (2020, April 8). The floor tiles that use foot power to light up cities. the Guardian.

https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jan/11/floor-tile-generates-power-from-footsteps-energy-

electricity-startup

MERALCO. (2019, September 9). Meralco customer community.


CITY SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CABUYAO
Pulo Senior High School
Pulo, City of Cabuyao, Laguna

https://online.meralco.com.ph/customers/s/article/Voltage-Requirements-for-Residential-Services

NASA Observatory. (2011, June 16). The carbon cycle. NASA Earth Observatory.

https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/CarbonCycle/page5.php

Patil, S., Parsewar, S., Pranav, B., Aade, S., & Hanmante, S. (2019, April). Energy Generation and Implementation of

Power Floor (Pavegen). IRJET-International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology.

https://www.irjet.net/archives/V6/i4/IRJET-V6I4680.pdf

Research Connection. (n.d.). Experiments and quasi-experiments. Research Connections.

https://www.researchconnections.org/research-tools/experiments-and-quasi-experiments

Research Connections. (n.d.). Experiments and quasi-experiments.

https://www.researchconnections.org/research-tools/experiments-and-quasi-experiments

Thomas, L. (2021, March 8). Quasi-experimental design | Definition, types & examples. Scribbr.

https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/quasi-experimental-design/

Tong, W. (n.d.). Wind power generation and wind turbine design. Google Books.

https://books.google.com.ph/books?hl=en&lr=&id=wU9bgvrl4rQC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=wind%20power%20

generation&ots=HxLeD8U7oE&sig=cOe3xGpmESKPGIzuS8AOZF-

UbBE&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=wind%20power%20generation&f=false

Wilkins, R. (2019, February 8). How many volts are needed to power an LED? KitHub.
CITY SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CABUYAO
Pulo Senior High School
Pulo, City of Cabuyao, Laguna

https://kithub.cc/2015/11/how-many-volts-are-needed-to-power-an-led-2/

Zohuri, B. (2016). Springer. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-23537-0_2

Zohuri, B. (2016, January 1). (PDF) Electricity, an essential necessity in our life. ResearchGate.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301260940_Electricity_an_Essential_Necessity_in_Our_Life

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