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Sas 43

The document discusses various topics related to cancer treatment including palliative surgery, brachytherapy, chemotherapy side effects like neutropenia, and side effects of antiestrogen therapy. It provides details on improving quality of life, radiation therapy procedures, lowest bone marrow function, preventing infection, and assessing changes in patient condition. The document is in a question and answer format and covers 10 topics.

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Sistine Rose Labajo
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48 views

Sas 43

The document discusses various topics related to cancer treatment including palliative surgery, brachytherapy, chemotherapy side effects like neutropenia, and side effects of antiestrogen therapy. It provides details on improving quality of life, radiation therapy procedures, lowest bone marrow function, preventing infection, and assessing changes in patient condition. The document is in a question and answer format and covers 10 topics.

Uploaded by

Sistine Rose Labajo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SAS 43

1. B

The focus of palliative surgery is to improve quality of life during the survival time. Curative surgery
removes all cancer cells, visible and microscopic. Debulking is a procedure that removes some cancerous
tissue, allowing other therapies to be more effective. Many therapies, such as surgery, chemotherapy,
and biotherapy, increase the client's chance of cure and survival, but palliation improves quality of life.

2. C

Brachytherapy refers to short-term insertion of a radiation source. Side effects of radiation therapy are
site-specific; this client is unlikely to experience hair loss from treating ovarian cancer with radiation.
The client undergoing teletherapy (external beam radiation), not brachytherapy, must be positioned
precisely in the same position each time. The client who is receiving brachytherapy must be in a private
room.

3. C

The lowest point of bone marrow function is referred to as the nadir; risk for infection is highest during
this phase. Drug toxicity can develop when drug levels exceed peak concentrations. Polycythemia refers
to an increase in the number of red blood cells; typically chemotherapy causes reduction of red blood
cells or anemia. Dose limiting side effects occur when the dose or frequency of chemotherapy need to
be altered or held, such as in the case of severe neutropenia or neurologic dysfunction .

4. C

Symptoms of neutropenia include low neutrophil count, fever, and signs and symptoms of infection; the
student should be corrected. Asepsis with IV lines is an appropriate action. Handwashing is an essential
component of client care, especially when the client is at risk for neutropenia. Hygiene and perineal care
help prevent infection and sepsis.

5. B

The highest priority is safety. Although knowing the side effects of chemotherapy may be helpful, the
priority is the client's safety because of the lack of sensation or innervation to the extremities. The nurse
should address the client's coping only after providing for safety. Erectile dysfunction may be a
manifestation of peripheral neuropathy, but the priority is still the client's safety.

6. C

A change in mental status could result from spontaneous bleeding; in this case, a cerebral hemorrhage
may have developed. Increasing shortness of breath is typically related to anemia, not to
thrombocytopenia. Diminished breath sounds may be related to many factors, including poor
respiratory excursion, infection, and atelectasis, which is not related to thrombocytopenia. A large
weight gain in a short period may be related to kidney or heart failure; bleeding is the major
complication of thrombocytopenia.

7. B

Ondansetron is a 5-HT3 receptor blocker that blocks serotonin to prevent nausea and vomiting.
Morphine is a narcotic analgesic or opiate; it may cause nausea. Naloxone is a narcotic antagonist used
for opiate overdose. Diazepam, a benzodiazepine, is an antianxiety medication only; lorazepam, another
benzodiazepine, may be used for nausea.

8. A C D

Bruising, petechiae, and epistaxis (nosebleeds) are symptoms of a low platelet count. Fever is a sign of
infection secondary to neutropenia. Pallor is a sign of anemia.

9. A C D F

Any temperature elevation in a client with neutropenia is considered a sign of infection and should be
reported immediately to the health care provider. Administration of biological response modifiers, such
as filgrastim (Neupogen) and pegfilgrastim (Neulasta), is indicated in neutropenia to prevent infection
and sepsis. Flowers and plants may harbor organisms such as fungi or viruses and are to be avoided for
the immune-suppressed client. All fruits and vegetables should be cooked well; raw fruits and
vegetables may harbor organisms. Thrombocytopenia, or low platelet levels, causes bleeding, not low
neutrophils (a type of white blood cell). The client is at risk for infection, not the visitors, if they are well;
however, very small children, who may get frequent colds and viral infections, may pose a risk.

10. D F

Breast tenderness and shrinking breast tissue may occur with antiestrogen therapy. Venous
thromboembolism may also occur. Irregular menses or no menstrual period is the typical side effect of
antiestrogen therapy. Acne may also develop. Hypercalcemia, not hyperkalemia, is typical. Fluid
retention with weight gain may also occur.

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