J.Agric.Chem.and Biotechn., Mansoura Univ.Vol.

8 (10):251 – 259, 2017

Efficacy of Banana Peel in Reduction of Aflatoxin Toxicity in Rats

Tahany M. Abdel-Rahman1; Dalia M. I. Ali1; Amel A. Abo-hagger2 and Mona S. Ahmed2
1
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
2
Regional Center for Food and Feed, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
ABSTRACT
An experiment was conducted to determine the efficiency of banana peel to reduce the toxic effect of aflatoxins (AFS) in
male albino rats. Seventy eight male albino rats were assigned to 13 experimental diets. The first one served as control received
basal diet only, the second served as control DMSO (basal diet and 5ml DMSO /kg B.W.) daily, but the third and fourth one were
received 1mg and 2mg AFs/ml respectively. The three following groups were received basal diet only supplemented with banana
peel in percentage of 1,2 and 3%,then three groups received basal diet and orally (1mg AFS suspended in 5ml DMSO /kg B.W.)
low dose of aflatoxins with the same levels of banana peel. The last three groups received basal diet and orally (2mg AFS
suspended in 5ml DMSO /kg B.W.) high dose of aflatoxins with the same levels of banana peel .The duration of this experiment
was 6 weeks. Results showed that, albino rats received 38mg and 76mg/kg aflatoxins revealed a significant elevation in the
serum levels of AST, ALT, ALP, creatinine, urea, cholesterol and triglyceride, while decrease in total protein (TP) and albumin.
Results of hematological parameters showed decrease in red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (HB), packed cell volume (PCV),
mean Corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin
(MCH) and platelets while increase in total leucocyte count (TLC).Body weights and organ weights were determined to study its
changes. The treatments with banana peel can play a practical role in detoxification of aflatoxins in albino rats.
Keywords: Aflatoxins (AFS), Banana Peel (BP), Adsorption, Albino rats.
INTRODUCTION beneficial food constituents, food flavors and
antioxidants or as cosmetics, chemo preventive agents,
About 50 years ago after an outbreak of Turkey drugs or drug adjuvants. Therefore, efforts have been
X disease in England aflatoxins were discovered in made by researchers to explore possibility of reusing
Aspergillus flavus (Klich et al., 2000). Aflatoxins plant wastes as the source of organics. Agricultural
(AFS) are secondary metabolites of Aspergillus flavus wastes such as peel of various fruits and vegetables
and Aspergillus parasiticus (Romagnoli et al., 2007 and nowadays is applied in food and different industries
Saladino et al., 2016). Both fungal growth and (Mohamed et al., 1994).Banana peels are agricultural
aflatoxins production depend on a variety of physical, waste that discarded all over the world as useless
chemical, and biological factors (Bacaloniet al., material; it causes waste management problems
2008).These metabolites have high toxicity including although they have some compost and cosmetics
carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic properties (Ali potentiality (Hossain et al., 2012). Banana peel contains
et al., 2005; Cho et al., 2007 and Saladino et al., 2016). high potassium and phosphorus, which prove to be
Among 20 types of aflatoxins, 4 types of AFs including helpful in the compost; it could be used for medicine as
B1, B2, G1, and G2 commonly occur in the natural well as personal care and known for anti-fungal and
environment(Bacaloni et al., 2008 and Mallakianet al., antibiotic properties, loaded with lot of vitamins,
2017).International Agency for Research on Cancer minerals and fibber that benefit for skin care and for
(IARC, 1993) and the world health Organization healing the wound (Sakaltar, 2011), banana peels have
(WHO, 2000) were classified aflatoxin B1 as Group 1 absorbent potentiality (Hossain et al., 2012). It has
carcinogen (carcinogenic to humans).Aflatoxins absorption capabilities for some elements and ions in
especially AFB1, AFG1 and AFM1 are the most toxic, liquid or solution, such as absorption capacities to
naturally occurring carcinogens known withAFB1 being remove chromium from wastewater (Memon et al.,
the most hepatocarcinogenic compound , which caused 2008), copper (Hossain et al., 2012) and also some dyes
various cancers of the liver and other body organs in (Velmurugan et al., 2011).
humans and animals (INCHEM 1993; Kitya et al., Banana peel is mainly composed of fiber and
2009 ; WHO.2008;Beckingham, 2001 and Bujaidar et lignin whose percentage value changes for stages of
al., 2015).Several methods were reported for the maturity. It also contains 6-9% protein and 20-30%
removal of mycotoxins from contaminated fiber (based dry matter). Green plantain peels contain
commodities, including physical separation, extraction 40% starch that is transformed into sugars after
with solvents and adsorption. Adsorption, a very ripening. Green banana peels contain much less starch
common treatment of mycotoxin reduction, involves (about 15%) when green than plantain peels, while ripe
binding the toxin to absorbent compound during the banana peels contain up to 30% free sugars. It also
digestive process in the gastrointestinal tract. A growing contain lots of vitamins, minerals and fiber that has
demand in developed countries for safer foods and proved beneficial for skin care and healing the wound,
cleaner production processes has been observed in they also have been used as a substrate for the
recent times. The processing of agro product results in production of fungal biomass. Besides medicinal
the formation of waste materials in high amount (Martin properties it also possesses good natural adsorbent of
et al., 2012) and commonly are in the form of peels, heavy metals like chromium, copper and some dyes
seeds and oilseed meals (Stanikova et al., 2005) , from wastewater because of it is very useful for
however accumulation of the wastes poses a problem to purification and refining processes John B.et al.,(2017).
the environment as they are prone to microbial spoilage
(Garcia et al., 2006).Agro waste may be a source of
high-added value products potentially useful as
Tahany M. Abdel-Rahman et al.

The aim of this research was the using of Banana Determination of aflatoxins concentration
peel as an agro waste for reducing the toxic effect of The concentration of AFS in DMSO solution
aflatoxins. was determined using HPLC technique (Agillent 1200
Series U.S.A with column C18, Lichrospher 100 RP-18,
MATERIALS AND METHODS 5µm×25cm) as follows: The mobile phase constituted of
1-Materials water: methanol: acetonitrile (54:29:17, v/v/v) at flow
All chemicals and standard aflatoxins(B1, B2, G1 rat of 1ml/min. The excitation and emission
and G2) were of analytical grade and were purchased from wavelengths for all aflatoxins were 362 and 460nm
Sigma Chemical Co. (St Louis, MO, USA). Solvents were (Florescence detector), respectively (Roos et al., 1997).
purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Preparation of aflatoxins dose for rat experiment
Aspergillusflavus strain used in this study was The DMSO containing AFS solution consisted of
isolated from raw peanuts samples which collected from a mixture of aflatoxin B1, B2, G1 and G2 at a total
local markets. concentration of 38mg AFS/ ml as a ratio of 8: 2: 4: 1,
Banana peels were obtained from local juice respectively was used to prepare 2 final concentrations
stores in Cairo, Egypt. of AFS, 1mg AFS /5ml DMSO (low dose) and 2mg
2-Methods: AFS/5ml DMSO (high dose).
Aflatoxins production and assays: Preparation of Banana peels adsorbent
Preparation of media for Aspergillus flavus growth: Peel was purchased from juice stores. Sun drying
Two types of media were used in this purpose. process was done within 3-4 days in an average
The following are the components of each medium. temperature of 28°C. Then oven drying was done in a
a) Potato-Dextrose-Agar Media (PDA): cabinet oven with air circulation at 60°C, for 16h.
This medium was prepared according to Whereas dried banana peels was refined by laboratory
Shotwell et al. (1966) as follows Flask 1 contained: 20g mill to pass a 1.0 mm-size to produce banana peels flour
Dextrose, 0.2g CaCO3, 0.2g MgSO4.7 H2O, and 100 ml (Adejuyitan et al., 2008).
distilled water. Flask 2contained: 15g agar and 400ml Analysis of banana peel:
distilled water. Flask 3 contained: 200g potato (spilled The proximate analysis of banana peel for
and sliced) and 500ml distilled water. The contents of measuring the levels of protein using Dumas method
flask 3 brought shortly to 121ºC in autoclave and AOAC (2012), crud lipid analyzed using Vogel's text book
filtrated through cheesecloth. The solution was brought method, silica by AOAC (2005), total dietary fiber using
up to original volume simultaneously. The agar in flask Instrument instruction of ANKOM 2000 fiber analyzer,
2 was melted and the solution in flask 1 was heated to ash using AOAC (2005), cellulose, lignin, hemicellulose
boiling. Contents of three flasks were mixed together determined by AOAC (2012), magnesium, calcium,
and autoclaved for 15min. at 121ºC. sodium and potassium were analyzed according to
b) Yeast Extract Sucrose Media (YES): Analytical methods for ICP optima 2000 (Perkin Elmer)
This medium yields high amount of aflatoxin AOAC (2012),
especially B1 and G1 with A. flavus. It was prepared Table 1. Composition (%) and calculated chemical
according to method of Davis et al. (1966) as follows: composition (%) of the control diet
20g yeast extracts, 200g sucrose, 10mg FeSO4.7H2O,
Basal Diet
5mg ZnSO4.7H2O, 1mg MnSO4.4H2O, and 1litre
Ingredient Basal diet supplemented with
distilled water all contents were dissolved, mixed and
g/kg % banana peel at levels
autoclaved for 15 min at 121ºc.
1% 2% 3%
Aflatoxin production:
Casein 20 200 200 200
Aspergillus flavus Inoculum was maintained on
Sucrose 50 490 480 470
Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) slant tubes for 7 to 21 days
Starch 15 150 150 150
at 28 ºC. The spores of tested organism (7-days old)
Fiber 05 50 50 50
were scraped by adding 3ml sterile distilled water to the
Corn oil 05 50 50 50
surface growth on agar slant.An aliquot amount from
Mineral mixture 3.5 35 35 35
the resulting spore suspension (1ml) added to conical
Vitamin mixture 1.0 10 10 10
flasks (2L) containing (1L) of yeast extract media.
Choline Bi-Tartarate 0.2 02 02 02
Mycelia mats after 10-day incubation at 30ºC were
DL-Methionine 0.3 03 03 03
broken with a glass rod and collected by filtration
Banana Peel 0.0 10 20 30
through filter paper. Culture filtrates (mother solution)
Total 100 1000 1000 1000
were extracted with chloroform (1:2, v/v). (Abd El-
Mageed, 1987).The chloroform extract was evaporated Animal experiment:
until obtaining dry film in rotary evaporator. Then the Seventy eight male albino rats weighing about
obtained dry film containing AFS was reconstituted 115±5g (provided by the Laboratory Animal Center, Faculty
with DMSO (Dimethyl sulfoxide) and used for of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University) were housed in
quantitative analysis of AFS and then preparation of stainless steel cages in animal house in Regional Center for
AFS doses. Food and Feed, Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of
Agriculture, Giza, Egypt under controlled light and
temperature conditions (12 hours light: dark cycle, 22 – 33

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J.Agric.Chem.and Biotechn., Mansoura Univ.Vol. 8(10), October, 2017

°C). During the acclimation period (1 week) and 1.60; chromium potassium sulfate 0.55; cupric
experimental period (6 weeks), the normal basal diet and tap carbonate (53-55% Cu) 0.30; potassium Iodate 0.01 and
water were supplied ad libitum. sucrose, finely powdered 118.03.
Animal Diets Vitamin mixture (g/Kg):- nicotinic acid or
The standard diet for tested animals was nicotinamide 3.000; calcium d- pantothenate 1.600;
formulated as shown in table (1) according to Pang et pyridoxine- HCL 0.700 ; thiamin- HCL 0.600 ;
al., (1992) and NRC, (1995). riboflavin 0.600 ; folic acid 0.200 ; d- biotin 0.020 ;
Mineral mixture (g/Kg):- calcium phosphate dibasic cyanocobalaminvitamin B12 (Vit. B12) 0.001;
500.00; potassium citrate, monohydrate 220.00; sodium retinylpalmitate or acetate Vit. A 400.000 IU; α-
chloride 74.00; potassium sulfate 52.00; magnesium tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E) 5.000 IU; cholecalciferol
oxide 24.00; ferric citrate (16-17% Fe) 06.00; Vit.D3 0.0025; menaquinoneVit. K 0.005 and sucrose,
manganouscarbonate (43-48 Mn) 03.50; zinc carbonate fine powdered to complete 1 Kg.
Experimental Design:
The study was carried out on seventy eight male albino rats weighing about 115±5g. Rats were divided into
thirteen groups and treated for 6 weeks as follows:
G1 Basal diet
G2 Served as vehicles treated control+5ml DMSO/ kg B. W. daily
Received orally low dose of AFS (1mg AFS suspended in 5ml DMSO/ kg B.W.) twice/ week on Monday
G3
and Thursday
Received orally high dose of AFS (2mg AFS suspended in 5ml DMSO/ kg B.W.) twice/ week on Monday
G4
and Thursday
G5 Received basal diet supplemented with banana peel at level 1%
G6 Received basal diet supplemented with banana peel at level 2%
G7 Received basal diet supplemented with banana peel at level 3%
Received orally low dose of AFS (1mg AFS suspended in 5ml DMSO/ kg B.W.) twice/ week on Monday
G8
and Thursday +1% banana peel
Received orally low dose of AFS (1mg AFS suspended in 5ml DMSO/ kg B.W.) twice/ week on Monday
G9
and Thursday +2% banana peel
Received orally low dose of AFS (1mg AFS suspended in 5ml DMSO/ kg B.W.) twice/ week on Monday
G10
and Thursday +3% banana peel
Received orally high dose of AFS (2mg AFS suspended in 5ml DMSO/ kg B.W.) twice/ week on Monday
G11
and Thursday +1% banana peel
Received orally high dose of AFS (2mg AFS suspended in 5ml DMSO/ kg B.W.) twice/ week on Monday
G12
and Thursday +2% banana peel
Received orally high dose of AFS (2mg AFS suspended in 5ml DMSO/ kg B.W.) twice/ week on Monday
G13
and Thursday +3% banana peel
Blood sampling Gomez (1984). The treatment means were compared
Blood samples were collected from orbital using the least significant difference test (LSD) at the 5%
plexus of rat's eye under CO2 anesthesia by fine level of probability as outlined by Waller and Duncan
capillary glass tubes in accordance with the method of (1969). Using the Duncan test institute program used a
Schermer (1967), at the end of experiment. Each sample computer in the statistical analysis.
was collected into two tubes, non- heparinized and
heparinized. The non-heparinized blood samples were RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
allowed to coagulate then centrifuged at 5000 r.p.m. for Data presented in Table (2) showed the chemical
6 min. Serum was removed using a Pasteur pipette into composition of dried banana peel these parameters
Wassermann tube and stored at -20°C for subsequent showed that banana peel rich in protein, lipid, fiber, ash
analysis of ALT, AST and ALP activities as well as TP, and minerals. Mosa and Khalil (2015) concluded that
albumin, urea, creatinine, total cholesterol and supplementation diet with fresh or dried banana peel may
triglycerides. be useful for acute liver failure patients, and it could be
The heparinized blood samples were used as develop the retarded liver function and lipid profile.
fresh as possible for determination of complete blood The in vivo study 13 groups of albino rats were
count (RBCs, HB, PCV, MCV, MCHC, MCH, TLC, investigated for 6 weeks. At the end of the experiment
Platelets). blood samples were collected to estimate the blood
Tissue sampling: parameters ALT, AST and ALP activities, as well as TP,
Rats were dissected at the end of experiment the albumin, creatinine, urea, cholesterol and triglyceride.
liver and kidney were immediately removed and These parameters were determined to assess the effect of
weighed. aflatoxin on either absence or presence of banana peel on
Statistical Analysis liver and kidney function of the tested animals.
Statistical analysis for the collected data was done
in the following procedure outlined by Gomez and

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Table 2. Proximate Analysis of Banana Peel: Results in Table (3) clearly indicated that rats
Ingredient Content (g/100g dry matter) administrated the different two doses of AFS (1mg or
Protein 9.8 2mg/ B.W. twice /week) showed a significant increase
Crud lipid 6.24 in serum ALT, AST and ALP activities comparing with
Silica 1.2 control group G1 and G2 (P<0.05). The highest values
Total dietary fiber 14.38 of ALT and ALP activities were 100 and 684 (U/L)
Ash 17.68 which was obtained in G4 group of high dose of AFS.
Cellulose 10.14 There is no significant changes noticed in ALT, AST
Lignin 15.38 and ALP activities in rats treated with BP alone (1%,
Hemicellulose 2.64 2% and 3%) (G5, G6 and G7) in all experimental
Minerals periods corresponding to control group G1 (P<0.05).
Mn. 14.8 While the co- administration of BP with 1mg or 2mg of
Ca. 4.9 AFS (G8 to G13) resulting in minimizing toxic effect of
Fe. 54.19 AFS on their levels especially with low AFS dose
Na 186.0 comparing to AFS control group.
K 8.71
Table 3. Serum biochemical activity of ALT, AST and ALP and concentration of total protein and albumin of
rats fed on aflatoxin-contaminated diet supplemented with banana peel
Parameters
ALT (U/L) AST ( U/L) ALP ( U/L) TP (g/dl) albumin(g/dl)
Groups
D D EF AB
G1 51.66 121.66 448 7.51 4.27A
D D EF AB
G2 51.33 122.66 449 7.55 4.25AB
CD D BCD E
G3 64.66 154C 591 6.00 3.46G
G4 100A 254A 684A 5.81E 3.40G
D CD F A
G5 52 136.33 436 7.75 4.29A
D CD EF ABC
G6 57 140 460 7.47 4.25AB
CD CD DE BCD
G7 59.33 149.66 525 7.16 4.18ABC
D CD F BCD
G8 53 144.66 383.3 7.05 4.07BCD
CD CD EF CD
G9 61 147 466.66 6.99 4.02CD
CD CD CD CD
G10 65.66 152 576.6 6.96 3.93DE
G11 58D 158C 637.66ABC 6.92D 3.79EF
BC C AB D
G12 76.33 168 668 6.81 3.72F
AB B A D
G13 91.33 205 680 6.67 3.65F
LSD 17.94 32.6 95.5 0.49 1.91
The various superscript letters in each parameter indicate statistically significant differences in the Duncan test, at P<0.05, the least
significant difference (LSD)was calculated at 95% confidence interval .
The main aflatoxin action mechanism is Simultaneous administration of rats with the
alteration in activity of serum biochemical parameters three percentage levels of BP with low and high doses
which indicated impaired functions, decreased activity of AFS resulted in reduction of elevated activities of
or degenerative changes in particular organ producing ALT, AST and ALP with elevation in levels of TP and
the biochemical constituents. ALT, AST and ALP, albumin (comparing to groups treated by AFS alone and
lysosomal enzymes are present in high concentration control group). The ameliorating effect of banana
within the hepatocytes; their detection in blood is peelon liver function was obvious on low AFS dose.
usually considered as first sign of liver injury. These These results were in close relation with Chibanga, et
results are in agreement with those obtained by Bankole al., (2014) on broiler chicken as they found a reduction
and Mabekoje, (2004), El-Bahr, et al., (2015), Juma, et in the concentration of serum metabolites including total
al., (2015), Hussain, et al., (2016), and Marwa, et al., proteins and albumin. The decrease in serum protein
(2015). observed might be due to less protein synthesis by
Data revealed in table (3) that low and high injured liver and increased protein loss by injured renal
doses of AFS (G3 and G4) caused a significant decrease tubules (Benjamin, 1978).These observations agreed by
in values of TP and albumin when compared with that of Shahat, et al., (2017) who used ozone to reduce
control group G1. The lowest values of TP and albumin the toxicity of aflatoxinscont aminated soybean. Also
were obtained at high dose of AFS in G4 (5.81 and El-Desouky et al., (2017) studied the use of ozone gas
3.40g/dl respectively). There is no significant changes to reduce and /or removal of AFB1.
noticed in TP and albumin levels in rats treated with BP Serum biochemical parameters data are
alone (1%, 2% and 3%) in all experimental periods presented in Table (4) Clearly indicated that rats treated
corresponding to control group G1 (P<0.05). On the by different two doses of AFS (1mg and 2mg/ B.W.
other hand supplementation of 1%, 2% and 3% banana twice /week) showed significant increase in serum
peel in groups with low and high doses of AFS( G8 to levels of creatinine and urea comparing to that of
G13) showed a significant increase in TP and albumin control group(P<0.05). The increase of their levels was
when compared to AFS control groups (G3 and G4). parallel to dose of AFS. The highest value of serum
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J.Agric.Chem.and Biotechn., Mansoura Univ.Vol. 8(10), October, 2017

creatinine was obtained on treatment with high dose of oil and Nigella cake protein as feed supplement. Urea is
aflatoxin G4 (0.87 mg/dl). There is no significant formed in the liver and represents the principal end
changes noticed in, urea and cholesterol concentration product of protein catabolism. While creatinine is a
in rats treated with BP alone (1%, 2% and 3%) in all metabolic byproduct of muscle metabolism. They are
experimental periods corresponding to control group G1 filtered from the blood and excreted in the urine by the
(P<0.05). Supplementation of 1%, 2% or 3% banana kidneys. Results revealed that diets containing ≥5.0 mg
peel in groups with low dose AFS (G8, G9, and G10) AFB1/kg significantly increased the serum urea
showed a significant reduction in increased levels of nitrogen compared to those fed the control
urea, cholesterol, and triglyceride comparing with low determination has a reputation of being a more specific
AFS control (G3). Similarly, groups G11, G12, and G13 test for the diagnosis and prognosis of progressive renal
showed a significant reduction in serum levels of disease than the serum urea nitrogen, as there are fewer
creatinine, urea, cholesterol, and triglyceride comparing non-renal factors that may influence creatinine. Same
with high AFS control (G4). These observations are results obtained by Al-Masri, (2017) who found
agreed by that of Ayoub et al., (2011); Abdel-Wahhab, antioxidant activity of ascorbic acid against aflatoxin in
et al., (2016) and Sobhy, et al., (2016) that used Jojoba contaminated nuts (almonds and walnuts) on rat.
Table 4. Creatinine, urea, cholesterol and triglyceride concentration in serum of rats fed on aflatoxin-
contaminated diet supplemented with banana peel
Parameters Creatinine Urea Cholesterol Triglyceride
Groups (mg/dl) (mg/dl) (mg/dl) (mg/dl)
G1 0.69E 33.33E 38.66F 56.33G
DE E F
G2 0.70 34.00 39.00 56.66G
AB A AB
G3 0.82 46.00 57.66 109.66AB
G4 0.87A 50.33A 62.00A 114.00A
E DE F
G5 0.65 35.00 40.33 60.66FG
BC DE EF
G6 0.76 35.6 41.00 69.00EFG
G7 0.76BC 36.33CDE 44.33DEF 71.00DEF
G8 0.77BC 37.00BCDE 48.66CDE 75.66DEF
BC BCD BCD
G9 0.77 39.30 50.60 80.66DE
BC BC BCD
G10 0.78 40.66 50.66 86.33CD
BC BC BCD
G11 0.78 40.66 52.00 86.66CD
BC B BCD
G12 0.79 41.00 52.33 88.33CD
BC B BC
G13 0.79 41.33 53.66 98.00BC
LSD 0.05 4.49 7.98 15.51
The various superscript letters in each parameter indicate statistically significant differences in the Duncan test, at P <0.05,the least
significant difference (LSD)was calculated at 95% confidence interval.
The data in Table (5) represented the changes in decreased values. The decrease of their level was
hematological parameters in rats treated with the parallel to dose of AFS. While supplementation of BP to
different two doses of AFS (1mg and 2mg/ B.W. twice/ AFS groups (G8 to G13) resulting in minimizing toxic
week) all parameters (RBCs, HB, PCV, MCV, MCHC, effect of AFS on comparing to AFS control groups (G3
MCH, and platelets) except TLC showed significant and G4).
Table 5. Hematological parameters RBCs, HB, PCV, MCV, MCHC, MCH, and TLC in blood of rats fed on
aflatoxin-contaminated diet supplemented with banana peel
Parameters RBCs HB PCV MCV MCHC MCH TLC
Platelets
Groups (x106cmm) (g/dl) ( %) (fl) (%) (pg) (x106)
G1 6.50A 39.1AB 36.9A 58.0A 135.5A 74.2A 48.6H 625A
G2 6.55A 39.6A 37.1A 57.6A 136.0A 74.5A 49.0H 627A
E F F FG F
G3 5.08 33.5 26.2 48.0 108.0 56.2EF 87.3D 439.3H
G4 4.63G 25.0I 13.5I 45.0I 62.2I 36.2H 172.5A 277.6J
B AB B B A
G5 6.25 38.8 33.6 54.6 134.1 72.6A 57.2G 582.3B
C BC B C A
G6 5.91 38.1 33.0 52.6 133.2 71.6AB 62.3FG 558.6C
G7 5.54D 37.2CD 31.1C 52.6C 132.4A 68.8B 65.8F 545.6CD
D CD D CD B
G8 5.49 37.1 29.5 52.0 128.1 65.4C 67.0F 531.0DE
E D DE DE C
G9 5.12 36.4 28.7 50.6 124 62.3CD 72.5E 519.0EF
E E DE EF D
G10 5.09 35.0 28.0 49.3 119.9 59.3DE 75.5E 503.3F
EF EF EF EFG E
G11 5.01 34.0 27.4 49.0 111.8 58.6E 83.6D 464.3G
EF G G GH G
G12 4.89 29.7 22.5 47.3 100.8 54.3F 95.0C 424.0H
FG H H HI H
G13 4.79 26.9 18.4 46.0 89.7 49.2G 138.1B 350.6I
LSD 0.232 1.295 1.450 1.750 3.226 3.314 5.089 17.877
The various superscript letters in each parameter indicate statistically significant differences in the Duncan test, at P
<0.05,the least significant difference (LSD) was calculated at 95% confidence interval.

255
Tahany M. Abdel-Rahman et al.

On another hand there was non-significant reduction and or removal AFB1 is biologically safe and does
difference of RBCs, and MCV values in rats fed with high not produce any secondary compounds that may cause
AFS dose and supplemented with 3% BP when compared toxicity.
with high dose AFS control group. The same finding with Table 6. Effect of aflatoxin with or without
PCV value at supplementation 1% BP. supplementation of banana peel on rats
The decrease in hematological parameters may be body weight changes during experimental
due to many factors such as inhibition of protein synthesis period.
as evidenced by lower serum albumin and hematopoietic Parameters day 14 day 28 day45
cellular defects of aflatoxin (Hanif, et al., 2006). These Groups (g) (g) (g)
results were in agreement with those obtained by G1 169.33 A 216 A 252.33A
Blomhoffet al., ( 2006) & Reddy et al.,(1984)& Huff et al., G2 169 A 217.33 A 253 A
(1986) and Mohiuddin et al., (1986) which reported that G3 141.33 D 177.66 CDEF 199 CD
aflatoxin caused hematopietic suppression and anemia G4 126.66 E 158.66 G 176.66 D
AB B
observed as decreases in total erythrocytes, packed-cell G5 168 196.66 235 B
volume and hemoglobin, also in agreement with Hasan, G6 165.33 AB 195 BC 233.33 B
(2014) who studied the acute and chronic effects of G7 164 AB 195.33 BC 226.33 B
AB BCD
aflatoxin on the liver of rats during the storage of walnuts. G8 160.33 190 215 BC
Our results are in agreement with Aravind, et al., G9 158.66 AB 184.33 BCDE 212.66 BC
(2003) as they indicated that toxins present in the G10 156.33 C 183 BCDE 206.33 BC
DE DEF
contaminated feed significantly depressed performance, G11 137.33 176.33 186.66 CD
DE EFG
organ morphology, and most of the serum biochemical G12 135 168.66 181CD
parameters. The effects of the exposure of six –week old G13 130.33 DE 165 FGW 180.66 D
broiler to doses of aflatoxin correspond to a marked LSD 10.62 16.09 15.78
decrease in the red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), The various superscript letters in each parameter indicate
packed cell volume (PCV), and white blood count (WBC) statistically significant differences in the Duncan test, at P
<0.05,the least significant difference (LSD) was calculated at 95%
heterophils, and monocytes counts. However there was confidence interval.
increase in percentage of lymphocytes and eosinophils,
studied by Jeff-Agboola, (2014). The data in Table (7) showed significant increase in
Data illustrated in Table (6) showed the effect of rat organ (liver and kidney) weights administrated with
feeding AFS contaminated diet (low and high doses), different two doses of AFS (1mg and 2mg/ B.W. twice/
singly or in combination with different concentrations of week) at the end of experimental period comparing with
banana peel on rats body weights during the experiment control group (G1). The increases of their weights were
period (6 weeks). The results recorded revealed that body parallel to dose of AFS. The highest value produced values
weight gain of administrated rats with the different two of 9.60g and 0.86g obtained in (G4) high dose AFS for
doses of AFS (1mg and 2mg/ B.W. twice/ week of groups liver and kidney respectively. There was no significant
3 and 4 significantly). effect of liver and kidney weights in groups supplemented
Decreased in relation to control group G1 during the with BP at 1%, and 2%, whereas significant increase liver
experiment period. Also results at day 14, 28, and 45 showed and kidney weights were found in rats fed with 3% BP.
that there was no significant difference between groups with Table 7.
Effect of aflatoxin with or without
high dose of aflatoxin and 1%, 2% and 3% banana peel supplementation of banana peel on rats’
(G11, G12 and G13) compared to control single high dose of organ weights at the end of experimental
aflatoxin (G4). Generally, there was a significant decrease in period
body weights at all week observations this decreasing in Parameters liver kidney
growth rate by aflatoxin supplementation which may be due Groups weights(g) weights(g)
to disturbance in one or more of basic metabolic processes G1 5.83F 0.50F
(carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism) in liver G2 5.83F 0.50F
A
(Cheeke and shull, 1985). Similar results were also obtained G3 9.36 0.83A
A
by Motawe, et al., (2014) in broiler chickens; Shehata and G4 9.60 0.86A
EF
Mohamed, (2012) in Nile Tilapia fish; Shehata, (2012) in G5 6.46 0.56EF
EF
rabbits; Abdel-Fattah,et al., (2010); Saad and Abdel-Fattah, G6 6.60 0.60DE
DE
(2008); Rawi, and Waggas, (2013) in rats administrated with G7 6.83 0.66CD
DE
aflatoxin. Basmacioglue, et al., (2005) reported that the G8 6.86 0.70C
depression in body weight gain through aflatoxicosis is due G9 7.13DE 0.70C
CD
to the disruption of protein synthesis. Jeff-Agboola, (2014) G10 7.56 0.70C
BC
concluded that reduction in weight of birds fed with feed G11 8.16 0.73BC
containing the aflatoxinmoulds and associated with increase G12 8.76AB 0.80AB
in concentration of the toxin. Similar results obtained by G13 8.96AB 0.80AB
Justin, et al., (2015) who concluded that chick body weights LSD 0.94 0.087
were reduced with consumption of diets containing The various superscript letters in each parameter indicate
aflatoxin. These observations are agreed by that of El- statistically significant differences in the Duncan test, at P <0.05,
the least significant difference (LSD) was calculated at 95%
Desouky et al., (2017) who study the use of ozone gas to confidence interval.

256
J.Agric.Chem.and Biotechn., Mansoura Univ.Vol. 8(10), October, 2017

Supplementation of BP with percentage 1% and Ayoub, M., El-Far, A., Taha, N., Korshom, M.,
2%and 3% to both doses of AFS groups (G8 and G13) ,Mandour, A., Abdel-Hamid, El-Neweshy, M.,
resulting in minimizing toxic effect of AFS on (2011): The biochemical protective role of
comparing to AFS control groups (G3 and G4). The someherbs against aflatoxicosis in ducklings:ii.
results in accordance with the study of Mosa and Khalil nigella sativa. lucrăriştiinţifice - 55, Seria
(2015) who found that the relative liver and kidney Zootehnie,68-77.
weights of rats fed with banana peel decreased Bacaloni, A., Cavaliere, C., Cucci, F., Foglia, P., Samperi,
significantly than the positive control groups. R., andLagana˛ A. (2008).Determination of
aflatoxins in hazelnuts by various sample
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pdf.

‫فعالية قشر الموز فى تقليل سمية األفالتوكسين فى الجرذان البيضاء‬

٢
‫ أمل عبد العزيز أبوحجر و منى سعيد أحمد‬،١‫ داليا محمد إبراھيم على‬،١ ‫تھانى محمد عبد الرحمن‬
٢

.‫ مصر‬-‫قسم النبات والميكروبيولوجى كليه العلوم جامعة القاھرة – الجيزة‬١

٢
.‫ مصر‬-‫المركز األقليمى لألغذية واألعالف مركز البحوث الزراعية – الجيزة‬

‫أجريت التجربة لتحديد كفاءة قشر الموز لتقليل التاثير السام لألفالتوكسينات على ذكور الجرذان البيضاء وذلكباضافة مستويات‬
‫ مجموعه متساويه تحتوى كل‬١٣ ‫( من ذكور الجرذان البيضاء قسمت إلى‬٧٨) ‫إستخدم فى ھذه الدراسة عدد‬.‫مختلفة من قشر الموز‬
‫غذيت المجموعة الثانية على العليقة األساسيھمضافا إليھا‬, ‫ تم تغذية المجموعة األولى على العليقة األساسيه فقط‬.‫ جرذان‬٦ ‫مجموعة على‬
‫غذيت المجموعتان الثالثة والرابعة‬.‫كيلوجرام من وزن الجسم(يوميا‬/DMSO ‫مل‬٥+ ‫( )العليقه األساسيه‬DMSO) ‫ثنائى ميثيل سلفوكسيد‬
‫المجاميع الثالثة التالية غذيت على عالئق تحتوى على نسب مختلفه من‬.‫مل( لألفالتوكسين على التوالى‬/‫ملجم‬٢,‫مل‬/‫ملجم‬١) ‫على تركيزات‬
‫اما المجاميع الثالثة التالية غذيت على العليقة االساسية باإلضافه الى التركيز المنخفض من‬,‫ على التوالى‬%٣‫و‬٢‫و‬١ ‫قشر الموزبتركيزات‬
‫ كما غذيت‬.‫كجم من وزن الجسم( مع نفس نسب اإلضافة من قشر الموز‬/DMSO ‫مل‬٥ ‫ملجم أفالتوكسين مذاب فى‬١) ‫األفالتوكسينات‬
‫كجم‬/DMSO ‫مل‬٥ ‫ملجم أفالتوكسين مذاب فى‬٢) ‫المجاميع الثالثة االخيرة على العليقة األساسية مع التركيز المرتفع من األفالتوكسينات‬
:‫ وتم تقدير مستويات كل من االنزيمات التالية‬, ‫أسابيع‬٦ ‫ وقد استمرت ھذه التجربة لمدة‬.‫من وزن(مع نفس نسب اإلضافة من قشر الموز‬
‫ وأيضا تقدير تغيرات الدم مثل كرات‬.‫ الكوليسترول والجليسريدات الثالثية‬,‫ الكيرياتينين‬,‫ األلبومين‬,‫البروتينات الكلية‬ALT,AST,ALP,
‫ تم قياس اوزان‬.(Platelets) ‫والصفائحالدموية‬TLC,MCH,MCHC,MCV,PCV,(HB)‫ الھيموجلوبين‬,(RBCs)‫الدم الحمراء‬
‫ أظھرت النتائج أن المجموعات التى تم معاملتھا بالتركيز المنخفض والمرتفع‬.‫الجسم واألعضاء الداخلية للفئران لدراسة تغيراتھا‬
,‫البروتينات الكلية‬,ALT,AST,ALP :‫كجم ( لألفالتوكسين بھا إرتفاع معنوى فى أنزيمات الكبد األساسيه‬/‫ملجم‬٦٧ ,‫كجم‬/‫ملجم‬٣٨)
‫وھذا يدل على أنإضافة قشر الموز تلعب دورا مؤثرا فى إزالة سموم‬.‫ الكوليسترولوالجليسريدات الثالثية‬,‫ الكيرياتينين‬,‫األلبومين‬
.‫األفالتوكسينات فى الجرذان البيضاء‬

259