Heaven’s Light is Our Guide

RAJSHAHI UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING &TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF MECHATRONICS ENGINEERING

COURSE NAME:LINEAR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND DIGITAL SYSTEMS

SESSIONAL

COURSE NO:MTE 3106

EXPERIMENT NO:01
NAME OF EXP.: Introduction to Combinational Logic Circuit.
DATE OF EXP.: 03/02/2021
DATE OF SUB.: 13/03/2021

NAME: DIBYA JOY PAUL

ROLL:1708057
SESSION:2017-18
No. of Experiment: 03
Name of the Experiment: Introduction to Combinational Logic Circuit.
Objectives
1. To know about Combinational circuit.
2. To learn about the characteristics of Adder, Subtractor, Multiplexer and
3. Demultiplexer.
4. To make the Combinational circuits using logic gates.
5. To add and subtract two binary numbers using arithmetic logic unit in Logisim
and to make truth table of it.
6. To make circuits with Decoder, Multiplexer & Demultiplexer in Logisim and to
make truth tables of it.
7. To make an 8x1 Multiplexer using two 4x1 Multiplexers & an OR gate in Logisim
and make a truth table of it.
8. To make an 8x1 Multiplexer using two 4x1 Multiplexers & an 2x1 Multiplexer in
Logisim and make a truth table of it.
9. Introduction:
Combinational circuit is a circuit in which we combine the different gates in the
circuit, for example encoder, decoder, multiplexer and demultiplexer. Some of the
characteristics of combinational circuits are following −
 The output of combinational circuit at any instant of time, depends only on
the levels present at input terminals.
 The combinational circuit do not use any memory. The previous state of
input does not have any effect on the present state of the circuit.
 A combinational circuit can have an n number of inputs and m number of
outputs.
Block diagram:

Half Adder
Half adder is a combinational logic circuit with two inputs and two outputs. The
half adder circuit is designed to add two single bit binary number A and B. It is the
basic building block for addition of two single bit numbers. This circuit has two
outputs carry and sum.
Block diagram

Truth Table
Inputs Outputs
A B S C
0 0 0 0
0 1 1 0
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 1

Circuit Diagram:

Full Adder
Full adder is developed to overcome the drawback of Half Adder circuit. It can add
two one-bit numbers A and B, and carry c. The full adder is a three input and two
output combinational circuit.
Block diagram
Truth Table
Inputs Outputs
A B Cin S Cout
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 1 0
0 1 0 1 0
0 1 1 0 1
1 0 0 1 0
1 0 1 0 1
1 1 0 0 1
1 1 1 1 1

Circuit Diagram
Half Subtractors
Half subtractor is a combination circuit with two inputs and two outputs (difference
and borrow). It produces the difference between the two binary bits at the input
and also produces an output (Borrow) to indicate if a 1 has been borrowed. In the
subtraction (A-B), A is called as Minuend bit and B is called as Subtrahend bit.

Truth Table
Inputs Outputs
A B A-B Borrow
0 0 0 0
0 1 1 1
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 0
Circuit Diagram

Full Subtractors
The disadvantage of a half subtractor is overcome by full subtractor. The full
subtractor is a combinational circuit with three inputs A,B,C and two output D and
C'. A is the 'minuend', B is 'subtrahend', C is the 'borrow' produced by the previous
stage, D is the difference output and C' is the borrow output.

Truth Table
Inputs Outputs
A B Bin A-B-C Bout
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 1 1
0 1 0 1 1
0 1 1 0 1
1 0 0 1 0
 1 0 1 0 0
1 1 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1

Circuit Diagram

Adder and Subtractor Circuit with arithmetic

Decoder

A decoder is a combinational circuit. It has n input and to a maximum m = 2n

outputs. Decoder is identical to a demultiplexer without any data input. It performs
operations which are exactly opposite to those of an encoder.
Block diagram
Examples of Decoders are following.

 Code converters
 BCD to seven segment decoders
 Nixie tube decoders
 Relay actuator

Circuit Diagram

Truth Table

Inputs Outputs
Enable 2-bit input D0 D1 D2 D3
0 X X X X X
1 00 1 0 0 0
1 01 0 1 0 0
1 10 0 0 1 0
1 11 0 0 0 1

Multiplexers

Multiplexer is a special type of combinational circuit. There are n-data inputs, one
output and m select inputs with 2m = n. It is a digital circuit which selects one of
the n data inputs and routes it to the output. The selection of one of the n inputs
is done by the selected inputs. Depending on the digital code applied at the
selected inputs, one out of n data sources is selected and transmitted to the single
output Y. E is called the strobe or enable input which is useful for the cascading.
It is generally an active low terminal that means it will perform the required
operation when it is low.

Block diagram

Multiplexers come in multiple variations

 2 : 1 multiplexer
 4 : 1 multiplexer
 16 : 1 multiplexer
 32 : 1 multiplexer

Circuit Diagram
Truth Table

Enable Select Output

E S Y
0 X X
1 00 0
1 01 0
1 10 1
1 11 0

Demultiplexers

A demultiplexer performs the reverse operation of a multiplexer i.e. it receives one

input and distributes it over several outputs. It has only one input, n outputs, m
select input. At a time only one output line is selected by the select lines and the
input is transmitted to the selected output line. A de-multiplexer is equivalent to a
single pole multiple way switch as shown in fig.
Demultiplexers comes in multiple variations.

 1 : 2 demultiplexer
 1 : 4 demultiplexer
 1 : 16 demultiplexer
 1 : 32 demultiplexer
Block diagram

Circuit Diagram

Truth Table

Enable Select Output

E S Y
0 X X
1 00 0
1 01 1
1 10 0
 1 11 0

8X1 Multiplexer with two 4X1 Multiplexer and an OR gate

8X1 Multiplexer with two 4X1 Multiplexer and a 2X1 Multiplexer

Conclusion:

During making the Logisim circuit, the wiring of the circuit was done carefully.The input,
output and logic gate were kept in the same direction to avoid connection gap. Otherwise
errors would be shown in red colour.