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AT Lab Experiment 3 Morse Test

The document describes the procedure for conducting a Morse test on an engine to calculate brake horsepower and mechanical efficiency. The test involves running the engine at full load with all cylinders, then disconnecting each cylinder one by one and adjusting the load to maintain a constant speed. Brake horsepower measurements are taken for each case. Calculations are outlined to determine the indicated horsepower of each cylinder and the mean indicated horsepower of the engine from which brake thermal efficiency and mechanical efficiency can be derived. A heat balance sheet method is described to calculate the heat input to the engine and heat carried away through various losses.

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ADITYA DWIVEDI
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103 views

AT Lab Experiment 3 Morse Test

The document describes the procedure for conducting a Morse test on an engine to calculate brake horsepower and mechanical efficiency. The test involves running the engine at full load with all cylinders, then disconnecting each cylinder one by one and adjusting the load to maintain a constant speed. Brake horsepower measurements are taken for each case. Calculations are outlined to determine the indicated horsepower of each cylinder and the mean indicated horsepower of the engine from which brake thermal efficiency and mechanical efficiency can be derived. A heat balance sheet method is described to calculate the heat input to the engine and heat carried away through various losses.

Uploaded by

ADITYA DWIVEDI
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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APPLIED

THERMODYNAMICS
LAB

EXPERIMENT - 3
MORSE TEST

SUBMITTED BY
DEVANSH
SHRIVASTAVA
(19109032)
AIM: To calculate the HP and mechanical efficiency of the engine.

PROCEDURE: Load the engine as mentioned in item 10 to the full load


at rated speed. allow it to run for few minutes, cut off power to one
cylinder by pulling the knife switch provided on the engine panel, now
the engine is running on 2 cylinders only as the result the speed of the
engine decreases, by operating the torque controller knob reduce the
load slowly, so the speed of the engine comes back to its rated speed.
(1500 rpm) record the spring balance reading now without altering the
positions of the torque controller knob and accelerator knob, put back
the pulled knife switch to its original position, then the speed increasing
pull out the next knife switch immediately and observe the engine speed.
If the speed of the engine does not reach the rated speed increase or
decrease the load as applicable (if the speed is more increase the load
or vice versa) record the spring balance reading after attaining the rate
speed. follow the similar procedure for the next cylinder

Calculate the BHP when all the three cylinders are working.
Similarly calculate the BHP of three cylinders when each of the cylinders
is disconnected. By this indicated horse power of the engine is
calculated.

Note: Always only one cylinder should be cut off at a time.

BHP WHEN THREE CYLINDERS ARE WORKING = A


BHP OF 2 CYLINDERS AND FIRST CYLINDER IS DISCONNECTED = B1
BHP OF 2 CYLINDERS & SECOND CYLINDER IS DISCONNECTED = B2
BHP OF 2 CYLINDERS & THIRD CYLINDER IS DISCONNECTED = B3

FHP OF FIRST CYLINDER = FHP-1= A - B1


FHP OF SECOND CYLINDER = FHP-2 = A - B2
FHP OF THIRD CYLINDER = FHP-3 = A - B3

MEAN FHP OF THE ENGINE = (FHP-1 + FHP-2 + FHP-3)/3

Indicated horse power(IHP) = BHP + MEAN FHP


CALCULATIONS:

1. BHP = (2*pi*N*T)/4500 = 163kW

Where,
r = Distance from Centre of dynamometer shaft
to centre of spring balance in mtrs =(0.2 mtrs)

N = Speed of the engine in RPM = 2000 rpm

s = Spring balance reading in Kgs = 29.2kg

T = r*s = 5.84 kg-m

2. WEIGHT OF FUEL CONSUMED

Wf (Kg/hr) = (Xcc*0.72*3600)/(T*1000)
Where Xcc is volume of fuel in t secs.
0.72 is density of fuel in gms/cc (petrol)

3. SPECIFIC FUEL CONSUMPTION SFC = Kg/BHP hr.

SFc = (Wf/BHP)
Where Wf fuel consumed in Kg/hr

4. ACTUAL VOLUME OF AIR FLOW IN TO THE CYLINDER AT RTP

Va = Cd*A*root(2gh)*3600 m³/hr
Where Cd = 0.62 (Co - efficient of discharge of an orifice)
A = (n*d^2)/4
d = dia of onlice in mtr (0.02 mtr)
h = ha(W/A)
A = 1.193 kg/(m^3) (density of air)
W = 1000 kg/(m^3) (density of water)
ha = Head of water (by 'U' tube manometer) in metres.
h = Head of air in metres.
5. SWEPT VOLUME OF EACH CYLINDER

Vs = (pi/4)*(D^2)*L*N*30 m³/HR
D = DIAMETER OF PISTON IN Mts.
L = STROKE LENGTH IN MI.
N = SPEED OF THE ENGINE
N = (N / 2) IS for A FOUR STROKE ENGINE

6. VOLUMETRIC EFFICIENCY:
Nvol =(Va*100)/3*Vs
It is a three cylinder engine. The swept volume has to be
multiplied by 3.

7. BRAKE THERMAL EFFICIENCY:


NBTH = (BHP*4500*60)/(427*CV*WF)*100
where Cv = CALORIFIC VALUE OF FUEL 10500 Kcal/Kg. [for
petrol]
WF = WEIGHT OF FUEL IN Kg/hr.

8. MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY= Nmech*100 = (BHP/IHP)*100

HEAT BALANCE SHEET

1. Heat Input = H = WF X CV kcal/hr.


where,
WF = weight of fuel consumed in kg/hr
Cv = calorific value of fuel (petrol) in kcal/kg

2. Heat Equivalent to BHP = h1 = (BHP*4500*60)/427 Kcal/hr

3. Heat carried away by engine jacket cooling water = h2


H2 = Mass of water passed through engine jacket (kg/hr) *
Specific heat of water * temperature difference of water
H2 = mw x Cpx (TC2-TC1) Kcal/hr

SPECIFIC HEAT OF WATER [CP] = 1 kcal/kg k


TC2 = ENGINE JACKET WATER OUTLET TEMPERATURE
TC1 = ENGINE JACKET WATER INLET TEMPERATURE
.

4. Heal carried away by exhaust gas = h3


h3 = (mass of fuel+ mass of air)*(specific heat of gas)*(temperature
difference)
h3 = (m+ma)*(C)*(Tc4-Tc6).

where
Tc4 is exhaust gas inlet temperature to calorimeter and
Tc6 ambient temperature in degree centigrade
Mf = mass of fuel = Weight of fuel = Wf in kg/hr
Ma = mass of air= Volume of air (va) x density of air in kg/hr
C = specific heat of exhaust gas = 0.24 kcal/kgºk

5. Heat carried away by calorimeter water = h4

h4 = (mass of water passed through calorimeter) * (specific heat of


water) *
(temperature differences)

h4 = mw*cp*(TC5 - TC1)
Where TC1 and TC5 are water inlet and outlet of the calorimeter
respectively.

6. Heat unaccounted:
h5 = h - (h1+h2 + h3 + h4)

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