10/5/2020 Professional

Practice
Assignment #01

Maula Jutt
SUBMITTED BY: ROLL # BSSIT-
16-08
British Computing Society Code of
Conduct
Introduction:
As a professional body, the British Computer Society (known as BCS) has a
responsibility to set rules and professional standards to direct the behavior of its
members in professional matters. It is expected that these rules and professional
standards will be higher than those established by the general law and that they
will be enforced through disciplinary action which can result in ejection from
membership. Members are expected to exercise their own judgement (which
should be made in such a way as to be reasonably justified) to meet the
requirements of the code and seek advice if in doubt.

Definitions:
Legislation
The term “Legislation” means any applicable laws, statutes and regulations.
Third Parties
The term “Third Parties” includes any person or organization that might be
affected by your activities in your professional capacity, irrespective of whether
they are directly aware or involved in those activities.
Relevant Authority
The term “Relevant Authority” is used to identify the person or organization
which has authority over the activity of individuals in their professional capacity.
For practicing BCS members this is normally an employer or client.

BCS code of conduct:

This Code of Conduct:
• sets out the professional standards required by BCS as a condition of
membership.
• applies to all members, irrespective of their membership grade, the role they
fulfil, or the jurisdiction where they are employed or discharge their contractual
obligations.
• governs the conduct of the individual, not the nature of the business or ethics of
any Relevant Authority.
1) Public Interest
I. have due regard for public health, privacy, security and wellbeing of others
and the environment.
II. have due regard for the legitimate rights of Third Parties .
III. conduct your professional activities without discrimination on the grounds
of gender orientation, marital status, nationality, color, race, ethnic origin,
religion, age or disability, or of any other condition or requirement
IV. promote equal access to the benefits of IT and seek to promote the inclusion
of all sectors in society wherever opportunities arise.
2) Professional Competence and Integrity
I. only undertake to do work or provide a service that is within your
professional competence.
II. NOT claim any level of competence that you do not possess.
III. develop your professional knowledge, skills and competence on a continuing
basis, maintaining awareness of technological developments, procedures,
and standards that are relevant to your field.
IV. ensure that you have the knowledge and understanding of Legislation and
that you comply with such Legislation, in carrying out your professional
responsibilities.
V. respect and value alternative viewpoints and, seek, accept and offer honest
criticisms of work.
VI. avoid injuring others, their property, reputation, or employment by false or
malicious or negligent action or inaction.
VII. reject and will not make any offer of bribery or unethical inducement.
3) Duty to relevant Authority
I. carry out your professional responsibilities with due care and
diligence in accordance with the Relevant Authority’s requirements
whilst exercising your professional judgement at all times.
II. seek to avoid any situation that may give rise to a conflict of interest
between you and your Relevant Authority.
 III. accept professional responsibility for your work and for the work of
colleagues who are defined in a given context as working under your
supervision.
IV. NOT disclose or authorize to be disclosed, or use for personal gain or
to benefit a third party, confidential information except with the
permission of your Relevant Authority, or as required by Legislation.
V. NOT misrepresent or withhold information on the performance of
products, systems or services (unless lawfully bound by a duty of
confidentiality not to disclose such information), or take advantage of
the lack of relevant knowledge or inexperience of others.
4) Duty to Profession
I. accept your personal duty to uphold the reputation of the profession
and not take any action which could bring the profession into
disrepute.
II. seek to improve professional standards through participation in their
development, use and enforcement.
III. uphold the reputation and good standing of BCS, the Chartered
Institute for IT.
IV. act with integrity and respect in your professional relationships with
all members of BCS and with members of other professions with
whom you work in a professional capacity.
V. notify BCS if convicted of a criminal offence or upon becoming
bankrupt or disqualified as a Company Director and in each case give
details of the relevant jurisdiction.
VI. encourage and support fellow members in their professional
development
 IEEE code of ethics
The members of the IEEE, in recognition of the importance of our technologies in
affecting the quality of life throughout the world, and in accepting a personal
obligation to our profession, its members and the communities we serve, do hereby
commit ourselves to the highest ethical and professional conduct and agree:
I. to accept responsibility in making decisions consistent with the safety,
health and welfare of the public, and to disclose promptly factors that
might endanger the public or the environment
II. to avoid real or perceived conflicts of interest whenever possible, and to
disclose them to affected parties when they do exist
III. to be honest and realistic in stating claims or estimates based on available
data
IV. to reject bribery in all its forms
V. to improve the understanding of technology, its appropriate application,
and potential consequences
VI. to maintain and improve our technical competence and to undertake
technological tasks for others only if qualified by training or experience, or
after full disclosure of pertinent limitations
VII. to seek, accept, and offer honest criticism of technical work, to
acknowledge and correct errors, and to credit properly the contributions of
others
VIII. to treat fairly all persons regardless of such factors as race, religion,
gender, disability, age, or national origin
IX. to avoid injuring others, their property, reputation, or employment by false
or malicious action
X. to assist colleagues and co-workers in their professional development and
to support them in following this code of ethics.
ACM code of ethics and Professional
conduct
The ACM(Association of Computing Machinery) Code of Ethics expresses the
conscience of the computing profession, and it affirms an obligation of computing
professionals both individually and collectively to use their skills for the benefit of
society. Computing professionals' actions change the world. To act responsibly,
they should reflect upon the wider impacts of their work, consistently supporting
the public good. The Code is designed to inspire and guide the ethical conduct of
all computing professionals, including current and aspiring practitioners,
instructors, students, influencers, and anyone who uses computing technology in an
impactful way.

GENERAL ETHICAL PRINCIPLES

A computing professional should
1. Contribute to society and to human well-being, acknowledging that
all people are stakeholders in computing.
2. Avoid harm.
3. Be honest and trustworthy.
4. Be fair and take action not to discriminate.
5. Respect the work required to produce new ideas, inventions, creative
works, and computing artifacts.
6. Respect privacy.
7. Honor confidentiality.
PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES
A computing professional should
1. Strive to achieve high quality in both the processes and products of
professional work.
2. Maintain high standards of professional competence, conduct, and ethical
practice.
3. Know and respect existing rules pertaining to professional work.
4. Accept and provide appropriate professional review.
5. Give comprehensive and thorough evaluations of computer systems and
their impacts, including analysis of possible risks.
 6. Perform work only in areas of competence.
7. Foster public awareness and understanding of computing, related
technologies, and their consequences.
8. Access computing and communication resources only when authorized or
when compelled by the public good.
9. Design and implement systems that are robustly and usably secure.

PROFESSIONAL LEADERSHIP PRINCIPLES

A computing professional, especially one acting as a leader, should
1. Ensure that the public good is the central concern during all professional
computing work.
2. Articulate, encourage acceptance of, and evaluate fulfillment of social
responsibilities by members of the organization or group.
3. Manage personnel and resources to enhance the quality of working life.
4. Articulate, apply, and support policies and processes that reflect the
principles of the Code.
5. Create opportunities for members of the organization or group to grow as
professionals.
6. Use care when modifying or retiring systems.
7. Recognize and take special care of systems that become integrated into the
infrastructure of society.

COMPLIANCEWITHTHE CODE
A computing professional should
1. Uphold, promote, and respect the principles of the Code.
2. Treat violations of the Code as inconsistent with membership in the ACM.
ACM/IEEE Software Engineering Code
of Ethics
Computers have a central and growing role in commerce, industry, government,
medicine, education, entertainment and society at large. Software engineers are
those who contribute by direct participation or by teaching, to the analysis,
specification, design, development, certification, maintenance and testing of
software systems. Because of their roles in developing software systems, software
engineers have significant opportunities to do good or cause harm, to enable others
to do good or cause harm, or to influence others to do good or cause harm. To
ensure, as much as possible, that their efforts will be used for good, software
engineers must commit themselves to making software engineering a beneficial
and respected profession. In accordance with that commitment, software engineers
shall adhere to the following Code of Ethics and Professional Practice.

PRINCIPLES
1. Public
Software engineers shall act consistently with the public interest. In
particular, software engineers shall, as appropriate:

I. Accept full responsibility for their own work.

II. Moderate the interests of the software engineer, the employer, the
client and the users with the public good.
III. Approve software only if they have a well-founded belief that it is
safe, meets specifications, passes appropriate tests, and does not
diminish quality of life, diminish privacy or harm the environment.
The ultimate effect of the work should be to the public good.
IV. Cooperate in efforts to address matters of grave public concern
caused by software, its installation, maintenance, support or
documentation.
V. Be fair and avoid deception in all statements, particularly public ones,
concerning software or related documents, methods and tools.
VI. Consider issues of physical disabilities, allocation of resources,
economic disadvantage and other factors that can diminish access to
the benefits of software.
 2. Client and Employer
Software engineers shall act in a manner that is in the best interests of
their client and employer, consistent with the public interest. In
particular, software engineers shall:

I. Provide service in their areas of competence, being honest and

forthright about any limitations of their experience and education.
II. Not knowingly use software that is obtained or retained either illegally
or unethically.
III. Ensure that any document upon which they rely has been approved,
when required, by someone authorized to approve it.
IV. Keep private any confidential information gained in their professional
work, where such confidentiality is consistent with the public interest
and consistent with the law.
V. Identify, document, collect evidence and report to the client or the
employer promptly if, in their opinion, a project is likely to fail, to
prove too expensive, to violate intellectual property law, or otherwise
to be problematic.
VI. Identify, document, and report significant issues of social concern, of
which they are aware, in software or related documents, to the
employer or the client.
VII. Accept no outside work detrimental to the work they perform for their
primary employer.
VIII. Promote no interest adverse to their employer or client, unless a
higher ethical concern is being compromised; in that case, inform the
employer or another appropriate authority of the ethical concern.

3. Product
Software engineers shall ensure that their products and related modifications meet
the highest professional standards possible. In particular, software engineers shall,
as appropriate:
I. Strive for high quality, acceptable cost and a reasonable schedule,
ensuring significant tradeoffs are clear to and accepted by the
employer and the client, and are available for consideration by the
user and the public.
II. Ensure proper and achievable goals and objectives for any project on
which they work or propose.
 III. Identify, define and address ethical, economic, cultural, legal and
environmental issues related to work projects.
IV. Ensure that they are qualified for any project on which they work or
propose to work by an appropriate combination of education and
training, and experience.
V. Ensure an appropriate method is used for any project on which they
work or propose to work.
VI. Work to follow professional standards, when available, that are most
appropriate for the task at hand, departing from these only when
ethically or technically justified.
VII. Strive to fully understand the specifications for software on which
they work.
VIII. Ensure that specifications for software on which they work have been
well documented, satisfy the users’ requirements and have the
appropriate approvals.
IX. Work to develop software and related documents that respect the
privacy of those who will be affected by that software.
X. Maintain the integrity of data, being sensitive to outdated or flawed
occurrences.

4. Judgment

Software engineers shall maintain integrity and independence in their

professional judgment. In particular, software engineers shall:

I. Temper all technical judgments by the need to support and maintain

human values.
II. Only endorse documents either prepared under their supervision or
within their areas of competence and with which they are in
agreement.
III. Maintain professional objectivity with respect to any software or
related documents they are asked to evaluate.
IV. Not engage in deceptive financial practices such as bribery, double
billing, or other improper financial practices.
V. Disclose to all concerned parties those conflicts of interest that cannot
reasonably be avoided or escaped.

5. Management
 Software engineering managers and leaders shall subscribe to and
promote an ethical approach to the management of software
development and maintenance. In particular, those managing or
leading software engineers shall, as appropriate:

I. Ensure good management for any project on which they work,

including effective procedures for promotion of quality and reduction
of risk.
II. Ensure that software engineers are informed of standards before being
held to them.
III. Ensure that software engineers know the employer’s policies and
procedures for protecting passwords, files and information that is
confidential to the employer or confidential to others.
IV. Ensure realistic quantitative estimates of cost, scheduling, personnel,
quality and outcomes on any project on which they work or propose to
work, and provide an uncertainty assessment of these estimates.
V. Attract potential software engineers only by full and accurate
description of the conditions of employment.
VI. Offer fair and just remuneration.
VII. Not unjustly prevent someone from taking a position for which that
person is suitably qualified.
VIII. Ensure that there is a fair agreement concerning ownership of any
software, processes, research, writing, or other intellectual property to
which a software engineer has contributed.
IX. Provide for due process in hearing charges of violation of an
employer’s policy or of this Code.
X. Not ask a software engineer to do anything inconsistent with this
Code.

6. Profession
Software engineers shall advance the integrity and reputation of the
profession consistent with the public interest. In particular, software
engineers shall, as appropriate:

I. Help develop an organizational environment favorable to acting

ethically.
II. Extend software engineering knowledge by appropriate participation
in professional organizations, meetings and publications.
 III. Support, as members of a profession, other software engineers
striving to follow this Code.
IV. Not promote their own interest at the expense of the profession, client
or employer.
V. Take responsibility for detecting, correcting, and reporting errors in
software and associated documents on which they work.
VI. Ensure that clients, employers, and supervisors know of the software
engineer’s commitment to this Code of ethics, and the subsequent
ramifications of such commitment.
VII. Avoid associations with businesses and organizations which are in
conflict with this code.
VIII. Recognize that violations of this Code are inconsistent with being a
professional software engineer.

7. Colleagues
Software engineers shall be fair to and supportive of their colleagues.
In particular, software engineers shall, as appropriate.

I. Encourage colleagues to adhere to this Code.

II. Assist colleagues in professional development.
III. Credit fully the work of others and refrain from taking undue credit.
IV. Give a fair hearing to the opinions, concerns, or complaints of a
colleague.
V. Assist colleagues in being fully aware of current standard work
practices including policies and procedures for protecting passwords,
files and other confidential information, and security measures in
general.

8. Self
Software engineers shall participate in lifelong learning regarding the
practice of their profession and shall promote an ethical approach to the practice of
the profession. In particular, software engineers shall continually endeavor to:
I.  Further their knowledge of developments in the analysis, specification,
design, development, maintenance and testing of software and related
documents, together with the management of the development process.
II. Improve their ability to create safe, reliable, and useful quality software at
reasonable cost and within a reasonable time.
 III. Improve their ability to produce accurate, informative, and well-written
documentation.
IV. Improve their understanding of the software and related documents on which
they work and of the environment in which they will be used.
V. Improve their knowledge of relevant standards and the law governing the
software and related documents on which they work.
VI. Improve their knowledge of Code, its interpretation, and its application to
their work.
VII. Not give unfair treatment to anyone because of any irrelevant prejudices.
VIII. Not influence others to undertake any action that involves a breach of Code.
IX. Recognize that personal violations of Code are inconsistent with being a
professional software engineer.