Action Plan/Strategies to combat Trafficking humans

Human trafficking is a worldwide concern. Almost 25 million people are victims of forced labor, including human
trafficking, according to the International Labor Organization (ILO). 15.6 million women and girls and 9.2 million men
and boys are victims worldwide. And it's estimated that 4.8 million of them were coerced into prostitution. According to
the ILO, there are additional unreported or unknown dark figures.
United States of America
In USA, The National Action Plan to Combat Human Trafficking was recently released by the White House.
Human trafficking is a type of modern slavery that can take many forms, including sex trafficking, labor trafficking,
forced labor, and so on. These atrocities have no place in a free society that values human dignity, and the United States'
commitment to ending all kinds of human trafficking is embodied in this strategy. According to the plan, the National
Human Trafficking Hotline in the United States received 11,500 reports of human trafficking occurrences in 2019, and it
is estimated that 24.9 million individuals are victims of human trafficking worldwide.
The plan outlines four Pillars that represent the actions to be taken to combat human trafficking:
Pillar 1: Prevention — Prevent Human Trafficking
Pillar 2: Protection — Identify, Assist, and Protect the Victims of Human Trafficking
Pillar 3: Prosecution — Dismantle Human Trafficking Networks and Hold Traffickers Accountable
Pillar 4: Crosscutting Approaches and Institutional Effectiveness — Enable Prevention, Protection, and Prosecution
through Collaboration

Denmark
In the years 2010-2009, the Danish authorities identified around 2,000 persons as victims of human trafficking.
Women made up 87 percent of the total. Nigeria, Thailand, and Uganda account for the majority of the victims. The
number of people who have been identified as victims of human trafficking has been steadily increasing.
A number of international accords that Denmark has signed and ratified form the framework for efforts to combat
human trafficking. The prohibition of human trafficking, as well as the need to give support and aid to victims of human
trafficking, are among the international commitments in this domain. Below mentioned is the action plan of Denmark in
combating human trafficking.

Canada
The National Strategy to Combat Human Trafficking was unveiled in Canada by the Minister of Public Safety and
Emergency Preparedness (National Strategy). This five-year National Strategy (2019-2024) will increase Canada's
response against human trafficking while also supporting broader Government of Canada priorities such as preventing and
addressing gender-based violence and ensuring Indigenous peoples' safety and security.
The new whole-of-government National Strategy builds on Canada's previous federal initiatives by establishing a
new priority area, "empowerment," to improve support and resources for human trafficking victims and survivors,
allowing them to reclaim control and independence. Canada's strong commitment to combating human trafficking is
reflected in the National Strategy. The National Strategy serves as a flexible framework for the federal government's
efforts to combat human trafficking. The National Strategy, in particular, will be flexible to an environment where this
crime is mostly hidden and new patterns emerge.
The National Strategy lays out specific efforts that will be undertaken to combat human trafficking:
1. Empowerment
Supporting victims and survivors to regain control and independence and encouraging action by industry partners
Key activities will include:
 Establishing an advisory committee 
 Providing increased funding for community-led empowerment programs 
 Engaging youth through Hackathons 
 Building a centralized website 
 Improving ethical behaviors and preventing human trafficking 

2. Prevention
Increasing awareness and building capacity to prevent human trafficking in Canada and abroad
Key activities will include:
 Launching a national public awareness campaign 
 Implementing pilot projects for at-risk youth 
 Enhancing data collection and research 
 Supporting anti-human trafficking efforts abroad 

3. Protection
Addressing gaps in existing supports and providing culturally-informed services
Key activities will include:
 Establishing a national case-management
 Developing multi-sectoral training tools 
 Enhancing capacity under the Victims of Trafficking in Persons program 
 Assessing existing immigration processes 

4. Prosecution
Increasing criminal justice system capacity to identify and prosecute human trafficking cases
Key activities will include:
 Hosting an international conference 
 Delivering bilingual online training 
 Dedicating an expert group of border officials 
 Enhancing Project PROTECT 

5. Partnerships
Building and improving national and international coordination and cooperation to address human trafficking
Key activities will include:
 Appointing a high-profile advisor on human trafficking 
 Strengthening the international engagement approach 
 Hosting annual stakeholder gatherings and outreach meetings

Action Plan/Strategies to combat Corruption and Bribery of public and political officials
Corruption is complex and tenacious, and anti-corruption efforts alone can only achieve so much. Even small
steps forward are difficult to maintain. The answer to whether anti-corruption programs work is seldom a
straightforward "yes" or "no." Collaboration and coordination, creating trust, and grabbing opportunities as they emerge
are all possible success elements for development agencies. Building political will and community support for effective
governance, as well as working to modify expectations and transform the policy arena, can pay off.
United States of America
Corruption and other forms of crime are interconnected: addressing both is core to Bureau of International
Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs (INL’s) mission.
Keeping corruption in check:
 Boosts stability, the rule of law, human rights, and democracy
 Promotes economic growth in foreign markets, and levels the playing field for American businesses
 Strengthens our law enforcement partners
 Makes it harder for those engaging in transnational crime, terror, and illegal trade to operate
 The United States believes that combating corruption requires governments all across the world to have a common
vision and a strong commitment to take effective, practical efforts to prevent and prosecute corruption. To put words into
action, the US engages other nations directly, supports internationally recognized standards, funds reform programming,
and contributes to the development of cross-border cooperation architecture. INL participates in high-level diplomacy to
support this effort and emphasizes the critical role played by civil society, the media, and the business community.

1. Promoting Shared Standards and Building Political Will: The United States aided in the negotiation of the UN
Convention Against Corruption (UNCAC) and is now working to help countries around the world meet their
duties under this comprehensive set of criteria. The UNCAC includes all facets of anti-corruption efforts, and it is
practically universal, with over 175 signatories.
2. Denying safe havens: Denying corrupt individuals access to the US and global financial institutions sends a
powerful statement about our values and illustrates in concrete ways that those who engage in corruption face
consequences. INL is in charge of coordinating special visa legal powers that can prevent corrupt individuals and
their families from entering the United States and denying them access to American resources. We also
collaborate with the US Department of Justice and international organizations to assist governments in pursuing
corruption proceeds that are stashed abroad.
3. Bolstering our own Capacity: In addition to its activities abroad, the State Department is trying to improve our
ability to combat corruption in various industries and regions. The Department is improving training opportunities
for our officers, exchanging best practices internally, and looking for ways to combat growing corruption patterns
in order to properly implement the 2015 Quadrennial Diplomacy and Development Review.
4. Whole of Government/Whole of Society Approach: In order to advance critical features of good governance and
integrity, INL collaborates closely with others in the US government, as well as the commercial sector and civil
society organizations.

Australia

It is critical to understand the core traits and nature of corruption while developing an anti-corruption approach.
Fundamentally, theories of corruption causality must be understood and evaluated in the context of real and/or likely
human behavior, drivers, and interactions. It should also be mentioned that some analysts have stated that rather than
being hampered by corruption, economic advancement may be dependent on it. The nature of corruption can be compared
to that of a pandemic to better comprehend its impact and solutions. Above all, a well-designed anti-corruption plan
requires a resolve to view corruption as an issue best addressed by a holistic rather than a sectoral approach. These topics
are discussed in greater depth farther down.

On corruption reduction and prevention, there are (at least) three major viewpoints. First, interventionism, in
which authorities wait for a corrupt act to happen before intervening the criminal must be apprehended and punished. This
school promotes retribution, rehabilitation, and deterrence, but there are a number of impediments, such as: the harm has
already been done and cannot be reversed; the majority of crimes go unreported; and the demand on finite resources will
inevitably be infinite given the level of supervision required to ensure that the deterrence effect works.

Second, managerialism, which entails building suitable processes, procedures, and protocols to deter or prevent
individuals or agencies from engaging in corrupt behavior. Managerialism encourages, in essence, the restriction or
elimination of opportunities such that people who would normally benefit from them are no longer able to do so. There
are drawbacks to this school of thought as well, the most significant of which being the fact that individuals do not always
operate according to predefined managerial standards. People in organizations fall into three kinds, each of which will
react differently to corrupt influences:
 category I: persons who want to do the right thing but need help figuring out how to do it.
 People who are too afraid to operate outside of established rules are classified as category II.
 People who are corrupt and will act completely outside of the norms are classified as category III.

Finally, organizational integrity entails the integration of an organization's operational systems, anti-corruption
methods, and ethical norms in order to establish a standard of ethical behavior. This school of thinking assumes that
deviance emerges from the organization rather than the individuals who make it up, as if the ethical violations associated
with corrupt practices spread by osmosis from the corrupt organization to the innocent individual within it. Individuals are
likely to be less successful in anti-corruption initiatives than the organizational context in which they function, according
to some.