Level 2 300 Question
Level 2 300 Question
with 60% as passing marks. The question paper will consist of 36 multiple choice questions of 1 mark each
and 8 Case Studies having 4 multiple choice questions of 2 marks each ( A total of 36 + 32 = 68 questions).
There is 0.25% negative marking. The time duration is 120 Minutes.
PRACTICE TEST NO. 6 (Imp. Updated Questions)
Question 2 A company issues a debenture of face value Rs. 100 with a coupon rate of
11% and these debentures are now trading at Rs 104. These debentures
will be redeemed in 5 years at a premium of 5%. Calculate the current
yield.
(a) 10.13%
(b) 10.57%
(c) 11.39%
(d) 11.78%
Correct 10.57%
Answer 2
Answer The formula for calculating Current Yield is : Coupon Rate / Current Price X 100
Explanation Taking data from above sum : 11 / 104 x 100 = 10.57 %
Note - The redemption value is considered only while calculating the 'Yield to Maturity' and
not Current Yield.
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CERTIFICATION EXAM – PRACTICE TEST NO. 6
Question 5 Who has to complete the Know Your Customer (KYC) process when an
investment is done by a minor?
(a) SEBI
Answer Minors have to be sole holders or first holders of the investment. Guardians
Explanation have to provide all details and complete the Know Your Customer (KYC)
formalities, as if they were investing themselves.
(The other method of discovering the price is through a book building process in which the
issuer indicates the price band or a base or floor price and investors bid for the desired quantity
of shares at a price within the specified band)
NISM SERIES X B : INVESTMENT ADVISER (LEVEL 2)
CERTIFICATION EXAM – PRACTICE TEST NO. 6
Question 7
If a mutual fund is held jointly, the tax benefits will accrue to .
(b) All the holders as per the percentage entered in the application form
Answer Factsheet will not disclose when, on which date or time the investments were
Explanation purchased.
NISM SERIES X B : INVESTMENT ADVISER (LEVEL 2)
CERTIFICATION EXAM – PRACTICE TEST NO. 6
Question 9 For Long Term Debt instruments, the highest credit rating symbol
assigned is .
(a) A+
(b) AAA
(c) A1
(d) AX
Correct AAA
Answer 9
Answer Credit rating agencies assign credit ratings after carrying out a detailed analysis of the issuer’s
Explanation financial ability to honour the payments on time.
For Long term debt instruments - 'AAA' - Instruments with this rating are considered to have
the highest degree of safety regarding timely servicing of financial obligations. Such
instruments carry lowest credit risk.
For Short term debt instruments - the highest rating is 'A1'
Answer Under the Insurance Act - "intermediary or insurance intermediary " includes
Explanation insurance brokers, reinsurance brokers, insurance consultants, surveyors and
loss assessors.
NISM SERIES X B : INVESTMENT ADVISER (LEVEL 2)
CERTIFICATION EXAM – PRACTICE TEST NO. 6
Question 11 Which type of analysis believes in looking for clues in the share price
itself, for its future behaviour ?
Question 12
Which of these sector stocks is will be LESS popular for investment when
the economy is in an UPTURN?
(a) Commodities
(b) Pharmaceuticals
(c) Construction
(d) Auto
Fundamental analysis is based on the premise that ‘fair value’ of an equity share can
be estimated from information about the company.
Correct Pharmaceuticals
Answer 12
Answer Sectors such as commodities, auto, construction, cement do well when the economy is an upturn;
Explanation defensive stocks such as FMCG, pharmaceuticals do well when the economy is in a downturn.
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CERTIFICATION EXAM – PRACTICE TEST NO. 6
If this bond is purchased from the market at say Rs. 105, the interest earned will the same but the
YIELD will be lower as it was purchased at a higher price. Yield refers to the annual return on an
investment
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CERTIFICATION EXAM – PRACTICE TEST NO. 6
Question 15 Mr. X has taken a short position in a 'PUT' option. He therefore believes
that the price of the underlying will .
2. The seller of a call option believes that prices will not rise. The seller of the put option
believes that the price of the stock will not fall
So the seller of a put option (short position), believes that the price will not fall below the
strike price.
Question 18 With respect to investments, what does 'Do not put all your eggs in one
basket' refer to ?
Answer Asset allocation is an investment strategy that aims to balance risk and reward by apportioning
Explanation a portfolio's assets according to an individual's goals, risk tolerance and investment horizon.
The three main asset classes - equities, fixed-income, and cash and equivalents - have different
levels of risk and return, so each will behave differently over time.
So dividing our investment money into Equities / Bonds / Gold / Liquid cash etc. is like 'Do not
put all your eggs in one basket'
NISM SERIES X B : INVESTMENT ADVISER (LEVEL 2)
CERTIFICATION EXAM – PRACTICE TEST NO. 6
Question 19 Which of the following tool helps the investor to assess risk?
Risk profiling is an exercise that determines the level of risk that an investor can take.
Answer
Explanation It is an assessment of an investor’s risk tolerance.
Risk profiling tools like a detailed questionnaire to be filled up by the investor helps in
understanding the risk tolerance etc.
Answer A diversified equity fund primarily uses sector rotation, stock selection, stock
Explanation weighting, and market timing as the strategies to do better than the benchmark
index.
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CERTIFICATION EXAM – PRACTICE TEST NO. 6
Question 22 What should ideally be the balancing figure after other items are taken
care of?
(a) Lifestyle expenses
Answer Expenses can be of two types - Essential and Lifestyle. Essential expenses like
Explanation food, shelter, savings etc. does not lend itself to much reduction but lifestyle
expenses like buying luxury goods, dining out etc. can be controlled to a large
extent. Such lifestyle expenses should be incurred only when other essential
expenses have been fully met.
NISM SERIES X B : INVESTMENT ADVISER (LEVEL 2)
CERTIFICATION EXAM – PRACTICE TEST NO. 6
Question 23 With respect to 'Satellite portfolio', which of the following is NOT true ?
Question 25
Which of these risks are faced by debt schemes of Mutual Funds?
(a) Futures
(b) Options
(c) Swaps
Correct Options
Answer 26
Answer An option contract features an asymmetric pay-off. The upside and the downside are not
Explanation uniform or same. For eg. The buyer of a Call Option pays a premium to buy the option with a
view that prices will rise. If the prices fall, the maximum he will lose is the premium paid. But
if the prices rise, his profits can be huge as prices can rise to any extent.
The payoff in a futures position is the same (symmetrical) whether the market price moves up
or down. The payoff in the options position is different (asymmetrical) for up and
down markets and depends on how much was the movement in prices, and what was
the premium paid.
NISM SERIES X B : INVESTMENT ADVISER (LEVEL 2)
CERTIFICATION EXAM – PRACTICE TEST NO. 6
“Category I Alternative Investment Fund” which invests in start-up or early stage ventures or
social ventures or SMEs or infrastructure or other sectors or areas which the government or
regulators consider as socially or economically desirable and shall include venture
capital funds, SME Funds, social venture funds, infrastructure funds and such other
Alternative Investment Funds as may be specified
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CERTIFICATION EXAM – PRACTICE TEST NO. 6
(c) Bonds
Common examples of cash equivalents include commercial paper, treasury bills, short term
government bonds, marketable securities, and money market holdings
Answer In Direct Investing - The research and evaluation is done by the investor who
Explanation decides on what to invest in and the timing for entry and exit. Creating an
effectively diversified portfolio that will meet the return and risk requirements
of the investor will take time, given the limited resources that retail investors
will have. Managing a portfolio may require time and skills beyond
most investors.
Question 1
is / are 'Insurance Intermediaries'
Answer The secondary market or the stock exchange is the place where shares once
Explanation issued can be bought or sold between investors.
NISM SERIES X B : INVESTMENT ADVISER (LEVEL 2)
CERTIFICATION EXAM – PRACTICE TEST NO. 5
Question 3 For Mutual Fund applications, a financial advisor can attest the copy of a
Pancard, but he has to be compulsorily be KYD compliant - State True or
False?
(a) TRUE
(b) FALSE
(b) Debentures
Answer The investor’s financial advisor can also attest the PAN card, if the advisor
Explanation has complied with the Know Your Distributor (KYD) norms and registered as
such, with Association of Mutual Funds in India (AMFI).
Answer Open ended mutual funds are usually perpetual and one can buy and sell units
Explanation any time as per the NAV.
NISM SERIES X B : INVESTMENT ADVISER (LEVEL 2)
CERTIFICATION EXAM – PRACTICE TEST NO. 5
Question 5 The risk that affects the entire system is known as , and the risk
that can be reduced by diversification is known as _ .
Answer Systematic risk refers to those risks that are applicable to the entire financial
Explanation market - for eg : Changes in government policy, inflation, interest rates,
external factors, wars or natural calamities.
Answer PPF is for risk-averse investors who do not want to subject their investments
Explanation to any market risk and are content with fixed and guaranteed return provided
by the PPF.
They are meant for capital protection and not for capital appreciation.
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CERTIFICATION EXAM – PRACTICE TEST NO. 5
(d) Both - the Trusts Investment Charter and The Offer Document
Question 8 Commercial paper issued for 91-day, 182-day and 364-day tenor - State
True or False ?
(a) TRUE
(b) FALSE
Correct Answer 7 Both - the Trusts Investment Charter and The Offer Document
Answer The Trusts Investment Charter should allow such investments and also the
Explanation Offer Document should allow Trusts to invest in the product.
Answer
Explanation Treasury bills issued for 91-day, 182-day and 364-day tenor.
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CERTIFICATION EXAM – PRACTICE TEST NO. 5
(a) TRUE
(b) FALSE
Question 10 policy allows the insured to have a say in the way his
portfolio will be maintained ?
Answer Call risk refers to the possibility that the issuer of a bond may choose to
Explanation redeem it before maturity due to changes in the market interest rates etc.
Early redemption brings down the tenor of the bond, and forces the investor to
find alternate investments to invest the funds received, may be at a lower
interest rate.
Answer In whole life,endowment and term policies, the insured has no say in deciding
Explanation how the savings component in the policy will be managed.
Question 12
The yield changes on a day to day basis for a debt instrument - State True
or False ?
(a) TRUE
(b) FALSE
Correct Answer 12
TRUE
Answer Yield basically means the return which the investor will get. This reduces
Explanation every day as time progress towards maturity.
(b) MANN
(c) PRAN
Answer Insurance brokers represent the insurance buyer. They can deal with any
Explanation number of insurance companies in order to give the insurance buyer the best
deal.
Correct PRAN
Answer 14
(b) up to 90 days
(d) up to 2 years
Question 16 The relationship between the yield of a bond and its price is .
Answer The inverse relationship between price and yield of bonds implies that every
Explanation change in yield would bring about a change in price in the opposite direction.
NISM SERIES X B : INVESTMENT ADVISER (LEVEL 2)
CERTIFICATION EXAM – PRACTICE TEST NO. 5
Question 17 Which amongst the following schemes has the maximum concentration of
risk ?
Question 18 A bull run in the equity markets starts off with large cap stocks and then
moves on to .
Answer A sector fund invests in one particular sector viz - Banking or IT or Pharma
Explanation etc.
The risk in this is very high because if that sector does not perform, the
investor faces huge losses.
(d)
Managed in order to benefit from economic and market conditions
Correct Answer 20
Low Expected Returns
The core portfolio is geared to meet the long-term goals. The satellite portfolio
is managed tactically to try and get higher returns.
NISM SERIES X B : INVESTMENT ADVISER (LEVEL 2)
CERTIFICATION EXAM – PRACTICE TEST NO. 5
(a) Call
(b) Put
(c) Delta
Answer
An option to buy a security is called a call option; an option to sell a security
Explanation
is called a PUT option.
Answer If the analysis begin from studying the company first and then the industy and
Explanation Economy, its called Bottom Up approach.
If the analysis begin from studying the Economy, then Industry and then
Company - Its called Top Down approach.
NISM SERIES X B : INVESTMENT ADVISER (LEVEL 2)
CERTIFICATION EXAM – PRACTICE TEST NO. 5
(a) Debentures
Question 24 An Indian company - PQR Ltd, has a manufacturing unit in USA. The
value of goods manufactured there will be included in .
Answer Schemes such as the PPF and bonds designated as tax-free are exempt from
Explanation taxation on interest earned.
Answer Gross Domestic Product (GDP) refers to output produced in the country, both
Explanation by Indian companies and foreign comapnies having their manufacturing in
India.
Gross National Product (GNP) measures the final value of all goods and
services produced by domestically owned entities, even if such production
happens abroad.
NISM SERIES X B : INVESTMENT ADVISER (LEVEL 2)
CERTIFICATION EXAM – PRACTICE TEST NO. 5
Question 27 When interest rates are decreased by the RBI, the price of which bond is
likely to see a greater impact ?
Question 28 Revolving Credit is one of the most expensive form of loans - State True
or False ?
(a) TRUE
(b) FALSE
Answer The longer the time to expiry, more will be the effect.
Explanation
Answer When a credit card user does not pay the entire amount i.e. some amount is
Explanation carried over for payment in the following business cycles, it is called
“revolving credit”.
Question 29 Amongst the following options, what is true when a Non Resident Indian
(NRI) becomes a Resident Indian ?
(a) Gold
Answer Once an NRI becomes a RI, he cannot operate his NRO/NRE/FCNR (B)
Explanation accounts.
Answer Real estate contributes both growth and income in the form of capital
Explanation appreciation and rental income. Equity Shares contributes both growth and
income in the form of capital appreciation and dividends received.
NISM SERIES X B : INVESTMENT ADVISER
(LEVEL 2) CERTIFICATION EXAM –
PRACTICE TEST NO. 3
Question 1
Reduction in risks of a portfolio strongly depends on the .
(a) Correlation
(b) Variance
(d) Delta
(d) FII
Answer In addition to the risk of each investment and its weight in the portfolio,
Explanation portfolio risk will also depend on the correlation between the asset classes
included in it.
.
Correct Answer 2 Mutual Funds
Answer In Mutual Funds, investors can easily evaluate how the fund has performed
Explanation over different time horizons.
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CERTIFICATION EXAM – PRACTICE TEST NO. 2
(b) Volatility
(c) Default
Answer Satellite investments are managed in order to benefit from economic and
Explanation market conditions. They involve regular buying and selling of securities as per
market trends.
Answer Volatility, Default Risk and Return mismatch are risks associated with
Explanation investments.
NISM SERIES X B : INVESTMENT ADVISER (LEVEL 2)
CERTIFICATION EXAM – PRACTICE TEST NO. 2
Question 5 When a NRI becomes a Resident Indian, which of the following needs to
be changed in the KYC wrt. Mutual Fund investments ?
(a) 90 days
(c) 1 to 14 days
(d) Education
Question 8 In the National Pension Scheme (NPS), the Government offers an assured
return as per the prevailing interest rates - State True or False ?
(a) TRUE
(b) FALSE
Answer The NPS invests some portion in equities and thus cannot offer an assured rate
Explanation of return.
.
NISM SERIES X B : INVESTMENT ADVISER (LEVEL 2)
CERTIFICATION EXAM – PRACTICE TEST NO. 2
Answer Beta measures the systematic risk in a stock by measuring the volatility in the price of a
Explanation stock relative to the overall market.
A high beta is associated with riskier growth stocks. Equity stocks that move up quickly
when the economy is doing well and decline rapidly during periods of low economic growth
are high beta stocks.
Answer The Indian foreign exchange market has an OTC derivatives market as well as an exchange
Explanation traded derivatives market.
OTC markets are basically trade between registered entities like Banks, Importers, Exporters
etc. Exchange traded markets are basically trades executed on recognised stock / currency
exchanges.
NISM SERIES X B : INVESTMENT ADVISER (LEVEL 2)
CERTIFICATION EXAM – PRACTICE TEST NO. 2
Question 11 as an asset class generally gives the best return during phases of
high growth.
(a) Gold
(b) Debt
(d) Equity
Correct Equity
Answer 11
Answer Equity markets tends to perform the best during phases of high growth,
Explanation
Choice Paralysis: The availability of too many options for investment can lead to a situation of
not wanting to evaluate and make the decision and thus lead to inaction.
NISM SERIES X B : INVESTMENT ADVISER (LEVEL 2)
CERTIFICATION EXAM – PRACTICE TEST NO. 2
Question 13 Schemes of different Mutual Funds give different returns and this can be
mainly due to .
(b) The brokerage charged by different brokers thro' whom the MF trade
Correct Answer 13 The Investment Strategy and Portfolio composition of the scheme
Answer Individual investors include resident investors who are competent to contract,
Explanation Minors, Hindu undivided family, Non-resident Indians and Qualified Foreign
Investors.
NISM SERIES X B : INVESTMENT ADVISER (LEVEL 2)
CERTIFICATION EXAM – PRACTICE TEST NO. 2
Question 16 offers benefit under Sec 80 C of the Income Tax Act and
also has scope of good appreciation.
Answer An option to buy a security is called a call option; an option to sell a security is called
Explanation a put option.
The seller of the option is also called the writer of the option. The buyer is the investor in the
option.
Answer Equity Linked Savings Schemes (ELSS) is a special category of diversified equity funds.
Explanation Investment in ELSS to the extent of Rs. 1.5 lakh in a year enjoys a tax deduction under Section
80C of the Income Tax Act.
(a) TRUE
(b) FALSE
Question 18 When a folio is held jointly, the PAN and KYC process has to be complied
with by .
Answer The Clearing Corporation of India (CCIL) acts as counterparty to both sides
Explanation on a CBLO deal and its system matches borrowing and lending orders.
(d) Pharma
after receiving the insurance policy, the insured need not disclose the facts he
(b) had concealed
Any information which can influence the insurer risk perception of the insured
(d)
is important
Answer A bull run in the equity markets starts off with large cap stocks and then
Explanation moves on to mid and small caps.
Correct Answer 20 Any information which can influence the insurer risk perception of the insured
is important
NISM SERIES X B : INVESTMENT ADVISER (LEVEL 2)
CERTIFICATION EXAM – PRACTICE TEST NO. 2
Question 21 Correlation between two asset class return series ranges from .
(a) -10 to + 10
(b) -1 to + 1
(c) -1 to zero
Correct -1 to + 1
Answer 21
Answer Correlation between two asset class return series ranges from -1 to +1.
Explanation
- A correlation of -1 means that they move exactly in opposite directions.
- A correlation of +1 means that they move exactly in the same directions.
Answer Income protection need is the need to protect the available income from an
Explanation unexpected charge. Health insurance and motor insurance are examples of
insurance products that cover such risks.
NISM SERIES X B : INVESTMENT ADVISER (LEVEL 2)
CERTIFICATION EXAM – PRACTICE TEST NO. 2
Question 23 The is the average deviation of actual returns from the average
return over a time period and is computed using a statistical formula.
(a) Variance
(b) Beta
(c) Delta
(a) shorter
(b) longer
Correct Longer
Answer 25
Answer If the investors cannot reinvest the money at the same or higher rate of
Explanation interest, they face a reinvestment risk.
NISM SERIES X B : INVESTMENT ADVISER (LEVEL 2)
CERTIFICATION EXAM – PRACTICE TEST NO. 2
Question 27 Which among the following statements is FALSE with respect to a minor
investing in a Mutual Fund ?
(c) Minor can be joint holders along with any other person
Question 28 The risk and return features of a mutual fund scheme will be defined by
.
Correct Answer 27 Minor can be joint holders along with any other person
Answer The investment objective of a fund describes what the fund seeks to achieve.
Explanation
In order to decide suitability of a fund to investors, information about how the money
would be invested by the fund is important. This is defined by the investment objective of a
fund.
NISM SERIES X B : INVESTMENT ADVISER (LEVEL 2)
CERTIFICATION EXAM – PRACTICE TEST NO. 2
Question 29 Generally more number of Initial Public Offers (IPO's) are made during
.
(a) change their Status with the respective financial service providers
Answer In bullish markets the investor confidence in the markets is high and during
Explanation these phases, the IPOs get good response and get subscribed. So we generally
see more numbar of IPOs during bullish market conditions.
Question 2 Which amongst the following would you suggest to an investor who is
looking for capital appreciation ?
(a) PPF
Answer Its the obligation of the insured person to disclose all relevant information
Explanation truthfully. For eg. Family history of medical conditions, habits regarding
smoking and drinking, nature of the profession etc. have implications on risk
perception.
Question 3 The financial goals of a person are personal to him and therefore the
Financial Planner have no role in influencing them - State True or False ?
(a) TRUE
(b) FALSE
Question 4 Mr. Swami has invested in an ELSS scheme of a mutual fund a year back.
Now he wishes to invest in an MIP of the same mutual fund. Can it be
held under the same folio?
Answer The Financial Planner may have to provide inputs on the financial goals,
Explanation especially if the client is financially constrained. Also the Financial Plannert
has to help the client prioritize, so that less critical goals are deferred or even
dropped.
So in such cases and other similar cases, the Financial Planner influences the
financial goals of an individual.
Correct Answer 4 Can be held in either the same folio or different folio
NISM SERIES X B : INVESTMENT ADVISER (LEVEL 2)
CERTIFICATION EXAM – PRACTICE TEST NO. 4
Answer Asset protection needs is the need to protect assets created. Insurance against
Explanation theft or destruction of goods is an example of insurance product that covers
the risk.
Answer The Indian foreign exchange market has an OTC derivatives market as well as
Explanation an exchange traded derivatives market.
NISM SERIES X B : INVESTMENT ADVISER (LEVEL 2)
CERTIFICATION EXAM – PRACTICE TEST NO. 4
Question 7 In which analysis are the Economic, Industry and Company (EIC) factors
considered ?
(a) IV
(b) V
(c) II
Answer Techinal Analysis is more to do with analysing the historic prices and volumes
Explanation in a security.
If the analysis begin from studying the Economy, then Industry and then
Company - Its called Top Down approach.
If the analysis begin from studying the company first and then the industry
and Economy, its called Bottom Up approach.
Correct Answer 8 II
NISM SERIES X B : INVESTMENT ADVISER (LEVEL 2)
CERTIFICATION EXAM – PRACTICE TEST NO. 4
Question 9 Which of the following process is most time consuming with respect to
investments in equities ?
(a) market
(b) limit
Answer Direct investing in equity requires access to information, skills to analyse and
Explanation time to monitor and rebalance the portfolio by continuous evaluation.
A ‘limit order’ is where the investor specifies the maximum price at which
they are willing to buy or the minimum price at which they are willing to sell.
(c) Depositories
Question 12
In the Indian currency future markets, which amongst the following is the
correct contract size ?
Answer SEBI has introduced the system of KYC Registration Agency (KRA) to
Explanation enable this.
Intermediaries covered under the uniform KYC norms include mutual funds,
DPs, stock brokers, portfolio managers, venture capital funds and collective
investment schemes.
Correct Answer 12 1000 units of a foreign currency except JPY which is 100000
Answer The contract size in the case of USDINR it is USD 1000; EURINR it is EUR
Explanation 1000; GBPINR it is GBP 1000 and in case of JPYINR it is JPY 100,000.
NISM SERIES X B : INVESTMENT ADVISER (LEVEL 2)
CERTIFICATION EXAM – PRACTICE TEST NO. 4
(b) Anchoring
(c) Recency
(d) Familiarity
Question 14 The shares which are listed on a Stock Exchange after an IPO are listed
at .
(c) a premium
(d) a discount
Answer In Anchoring bias, Investors stick to some information that may no longer be
Explanation relevant. New information is labelled as incorrect or irrelevant and ignored in
the decision making process.
For example - Investors may be holding some loss making stocks, but they
still do not sell them expecting the stock to perform well, even though there
are negative news inflow of the company.
Correct Answer 14 the issue price or at a premium or Discount to the issue price
Answer The listing price of the shares is decided by the market forces, and can list at
Explanation any price.
NISM SERIES X B : INVESTMENT ADVISER (LEVEL 2)
CERTIFICATION EXAM – PRACTICE TEST NO. 4
(a) TRUE
(b) FALSE
When applying for life insurance coverage, it is typically required that the
beneficiary have an insurable interest in the person who is being insured.
(c) Debentures
(d) Bonds
Question 18 Does one need to open a new Demat a/c when a minor turns into a major
?
(a) Yes
(b) No
Answer Open-ended debt schemes have no maturity even though the scheme invests in
Explanation securities with fixed tenors.
The fund manager manages cash flows to earn market returns and provide
liquidity to investors even though the underlying securities are illiquid.
Answer Since demat accounts of minors can be held only on single-name basis,
Explanation the account opening process has to be redone for a minor-turned-major.
Securities held in the old demat account with minor status are transferred to
the new demat account.
NISM SERIES X B : INVESTMENT ADVISER (LEVEL 2)
CERTIFICATION EXAM – PRACTICE TEST NO. 4
Question 19 The costs mentioned in today's terms can be translated into the rupee
requirement in future using the formula and the same
formulae can be used for finding out the future value of an amount
invested today.
(a) P X (1 + i) ^n
(b) P X (1 - i) ^n
(c) P / (1 + i) ^n
(d) P + (1 + i)^ n
(a) TRUE
(b) FALSE
Correct Answer 19 P X (1 + i) ^n
Question 21
While constructing a CORE Portfolio, which of these options is not
considered ?
Answer The core portfolio is constructed to meet the long-term goals and strategic
Explanation needs of an investor. It usually consists of Large Cap and Blue Chip stocks.
Changes in the core portfolio are rarely made, only when there is a change in
investor needs, objectives or life stage.
Answer Leverage Ratio measure of the role of debt in the asset build-up of the
Explanation investor. Higher the leverage, more risky it is for the individual’s financial
situation.
Question 24 is the decision that comes out of calls on the likely behaviour
of the market.
Small investors keep watching other participants for confirmation and then
end up entering when the markets are over heated and poised for correction.
Answer Tactical Asset Allocation is the decision that comes out of calls on the likely
Explanation behaviour of the market.
Strategic Asset Allocation is the ideal that comes out of the risk profile of the
individual.
NISM SERIES X B : INVESTMENT ADVISER (LEVEL 2)
CERTIFICATION EXAM – PRACTICE TEST NO. 4
Question 25 If the real rate of interest is 5% and rate of inflation is 3%, what is the
nominal rate of return?
(a) 8%
(b) 8.15%
(c) 2%
(d) 2.74%
Question 26 Stocks which have a beta greater than one are likely to be riskier
than the market.
(a) more
(b) less
(c) equally
(d) no effect
Answer Beta measures the systematic risk in a stock by measuring the volatility in the
Explanation price of a stock relative to the overall market.
The market index is assumed to have a beta of 1. Stocks with a beta greater
than one are likely to be riskier than the market. Stocks with beta less than one
are less risky than the market.
NISM SERIES X B : INVESTMENT ADVISER (LEVEL 2)
ERTIFICATION EXAM – PRACTICE TEST NO. 4
Answer Age - Lower the age, higher the risk that can be taken (negative relationship)
Explanation
No. of Dependents - Risk appetite decreases as the number of dependent
members increases (negative relationship)
Question 29 In the SEBI (Alternate Investment Funds) Regulations, 2012, the funds
that employs diverse or complex trading strategies are classified as
.
Question 30 The Gross Domestic Product - GDP calculations are done on the value of
goods and services at their prices.
(a) Cost
(b) Market
(c) Notional
Category II Alternative Investment Fund does not fall in Category I and III
etc.
Correct Answer 30
Market
Answer GDP computation values goods and services at their market prices and not
Explanation cost.
Question 1 'Style Box' is a part of the
Question 2 In addition to the risk of each investment and its weight in the portfolio,
portfolio risk will also depend on the between the asset
classes included in it.
(b) Correlation
(c) Variance
(d) Theta
Answer Style of a Mutual fund scheme is represented using a style box. The style box
Explanation shows a overview of the category of the fund ie. Aggressive, Passive etc.
Answer In addition to the risk of each investment and its weight in the portfolio,
Explanation portfolio risk will also depend on the CORREALATION between the asset
(mix of asset classes, such as debt and equity) that the insurer
should maintain for the savings portion - State True or False ?
(a) True
(b) False
(b) Its the level of risk the investor should take to fulfill his financial goals
(c) Its the level of risk the investor should take based on his age
(d) Its the proportion of the investors portfolio in risk instruments like equity etc
Answer Unit-linked insurance policies allow the insured to decide on the kind of
Explanation portfolio.
Correct Answer 4 Its the level of risk the investor is comfortable with
Answer Risk Appetite is a very personal factor. Although factors like age,
Explanation employability etc. does affect it, but ultimately its the level at which the
Two sets of individual who have same age and other factors can still
have different risk appetite.
Question 5 For dealing in foreign exchange market, the intermediaries need to be
registered with .
(a) SEBI
(b) RBI
Question 6 A company (issuer of shares) who comes out with a Initial Public Offer -
(a) SEBI
(b) RBI
(c) Depository
Answer Explanation -
Shares issues in the IPO have to be traded in the secondary markets ie.
The Stock Exchange. The issuer of the shares has to sign the listing
agreement with the Stock Exchanges and the company to disclose
information about its working, financial and other key information that
may affect the share prices.
Question 7 The seller of the option is also called the of the option.
(a) investor
(b) writer
(c) arbitrageur
(d) exerciser
Question 8 The Core Portfolio is that portfolio of securities that have been bought
keeping the short terms market trends in mind and to benefit from such
(a) TRUE
(b) FALSE
Answer The seller of the option is also called the writer of the option. The buyer is the
Answer The core portfolio is constructed to meet the long-term goals and strategic
Explanation needs of an investor. Investments that are part of the core are long-term
holdings. Changes in the core portfolio are made only when there is a change
(b) A portfolio for each client profile, which is customised for each investor
Question 10 gives the buyer a right but not the obligation to SELL the
(d) Futures
Correct Answer 9 A portfolio for each client profile, which is customised for each investor
Answer The model portfolios hold an indicative allocation that may be suitable for
Explanation investors who fit the defined risk profile and investment objective.
(a) Anchoring
(b) Familiarity
(a) 5
(b) 3
(c) 2
(d) 1
Answer Investors hold on to some information that may no longer be relevant, and
Explanation make their decisions based on that. New information is labeled as incorrect or
Anchoring bias.
Correct Answer 12 1
Question 13 In bias, the impact of current events on decision making can be
very strong and investors tend to extrapolate the event into the future
and expect a repeat.
(c) Recency
(d) Familiarity
Answer In Recency Bias the impact of recent events on decision making is strong.
For example - In a bear market, when prices of securities are low, still
investors do not invest as they belive the recent events which caused bear
Answer Beta measures the risk in a stock by measuring the volatility in its price in
A high beta is associated with riskier growth stocks ie. stocks that move up
quickly when the economy is doing well and decline rapidly during periods of
A low beta is associated with defensive stocks like Pharma and Consumer
goods companies.
Question 15 A high turnover (volume) in a stock indicates .
Question 16 Of the following statements, which one of them is FALSE with respect to
Answer Higher the volumes in a stock in the stock markets, higher will be the liquidity
Explanation
Question 17 When an NRI returns to India and becomes a Resident Indian, he/she has to
do which of the following with respect to holdings in demat account?.
(a) He/She will have to open a new demat account and transfer holdings
(d) He/She will have to open a new account for future investment and
maintain current account for existing investments.
Question 18 Call risk exists in callable debt securities - State True or False ?
(a) TRUE
(b) FALSE
Correct Answer 17 He/She will have to open a new demat account and transfer holdings
Answer When a NRI returns to India, a new demat account with ‘Resident’
Explanation status needs to be opened.
All the balances held in the NRI demat account shall be transferred to the new
‘Resident’ demat account. After transfer, the NRI demat account will
get closed.
Answer Usually securities are called back when interest rates decline and the issuers
Explanation want to retire high-cost debt and re-issue fresh debt at lower rates. So the
investor who has invested in such securities have to re-invest in lower interest
(a) Tier I
(b) Tier II
Question 20 A person has sold a PUT option ( gone short ) because he believes that .
a) the price of the underlying will not fall below the strike price
c) the price of the underlying will not fall below the current market price
d) the price of the underlying will not rise above the strike price
Tier I A/c of the National Pension System (NPS) is the Pension account and is
Answer non-withdrawable.
Explanation
Tier II A/c is the Savings account and is withdrawable to meet financial
contingencies. An active Tier I account is a pre-requisite for opening a Tier II
account.
Correct Answer 20 The price of the underlying will not fall below the strike price
(a) True
(b) False
Answer In MIPs, monthly dividend pay-out is intended but there is no guarantee from
Explanation the fund house. This basically because MIP invest both in equity and debt and
Answer The interest earned on NRO Savings Account is repatriable after payment of
taxes applicable in India.
Explanation
Question 23 The FACT SHEETS of a Mutual Fund are published on a basis.
(a) weekly
(b) monthly
(c) quarterly
Answer Mutual funds publish fact sheets, which are used as a source of information to
Answer Personal Loans and Credit Card loans both are expensive. But Revolving
(c) Gold
(d) Property
Bank deposits have a fixed rate of interest and if inflation rises, the post
Answer inflation returns on Bank FD’s shrink.
Explanation
Question 27 In a Discretionary Portfolio Management Service, portfolio manager will provide
advice and information to the investors who will themselves take the
decisions on investment choices and timing of the investment. - State True
or False ?
(a) True
(b) False
(c) SEBI
(d) Registrar
and information to the investor who will themselves take the decisions on
Explanation institutional buyers (QIBs), High net worth individuals and Retail Investors.
(a) Broker
Question 30 Collateralised borrowing and lending obligations (CBLO) are issued with
(a) TRUE
(b) FALSE
Question 1
Reduction in risks of a portfolio strongly depends on the .
(a) Correlation
(b) Variance
(d) Delta
(d) FII
Answer In addition to the risk of each investment and its weight in the portfolio,
Explanation portfolio risk will also depend on the correlation between the asset classes
included in it.
.
Correct Answer 2 Mutual Funds
Answer In Mutual Funds, investors can easily evaluate how the fund has performed
Explanation over different time horizons.
NISM SERIES X B : INVESTMENT ADVISER (LEVEL 2)
CERTIFICATION EXAM – PRACTICE TEST NO. 2
(b) Volatility
(c) Default
Answer Satellite investments are managed in order to benefit from economic and
Explanation market conditions. They involve regular buying and selling of securities as per
market trends.
Answer Volatility, Default Risk and Return mismatch are risks associated with
Explanation investments.
NISM SERIES X B : INVESTMENT ADVISER (LEVEL 2)
CERTIFICATION EXAM – PRACTICE TEST NO. 2
Question 5 When a NRI becomes a Resident Indian, which of the following needs to
be changed in the KYC wrt. Mutual Fund investments ?
(a) 90 days
(c) 1 to 14 days
(d) Education
Question 8 In the National Pension Scheme (NPS), the Government offers an assured
return as per the prevailing interest rates - State True or False ?
(a) TRUE
(b) FALSE
Answer The NPS invests some portion in equities and thus cannot offer an assured rate
Explanation of return.
.
NISM SERIES X B : INVESTMENT ADVISER (LEVEL 2)
CERTIFICATION EXAM – PRACTICE TEST NO. 2
Answer Beta measures the systematic risk in a stock by measuring the volatility in the price of a
Explanation stock relative to the overall market.
A high beta is associated with riskier growth stocks. Equity stocks that move up quickly
when the economy is doing well and decline rapidly during periods of low economic growth
are high beta stocks.
Answer The Indian foreign exchange market has an OTC derivatives market as well as an exchange
Explanation traded derivatives market.
OTC markets are basically trade between registered entities like Banks, Importers, Exporters
etc. Exchange traded markets are basically trades executed on recognised stock / currency
exchanges.
NISM SERIES X B : INVESTMENT ADVISER (LEVEL 2)
CERTIFICATION EXAM – PRACTICE TEST NO. 2
Question 11 as an asset class generally gives the best return during phases of
high growth.
(a) Gold
(b) Debt
(d) Equity
Correct Equity
Answer 11
Answer Equity markets tends to perform the best during phases of high growth,
Explanation
Choice Paralysis: The availability of too many options for investment can lead to a situation of
not wanting to evaluate and make the decision and thus lead to inaction.
NISM SERIES X B : INVESTMENT ADVISER (LEVEL 2)
CERTIFICATION EXAM – PRACTICE TEST NO. 2
Question 13 Schemes of different Mutual Funds give different returns and this can be
mainly due to .
(b) The brokerage charged by different brokers thro' whom the MF trade
Correct Answer 13 The Investment Strategy and Portfolio composition of the scheme
Answer Individual investors include resident investors who are competent to contract,
Explanation Minors, Hindu undivided family, Non-resident Indians and Qualified Foreign
Investors.
NISM SERIES X B : INVESTMENT ADVISER (LEVEL 2)
CERTIFICATION EXAM – PRACTICE TEST NO. 2
Question 16 offers benefit under Sec 80 C of the Income Tax Act and
also has scope of good appreciation.
Answer An option to buy a security is called a call option; an option to sell a security is called
Explanation a put option.
The seller of the option is also called the writer of the option. The buyer is the investor in the
option.
Answer Equity Linked Savings Schemes (ELSS) is a special category of diversified equity funds.
Explanation Investment in ELSS to the extent of Rs. 1.5 lakh in a year enjoys a tax deduction under Section
80C of the Income Tax Act.
(a) TRUE
(b) FALSE
Question 18 When a folio is held jointly, the PAN and KYC process has to be complied
with by .
Answer The Clearing Corporation of India (CCIL) acts as counterparty to both sides
Explanation on a CBLO deal and its system matches borrowing and lending orders.
(d) Pharma
after receiving the insurance policy, the insured need not disclose the facts he
(b) had concealed
Any information which can influence the insurer risk perception of the insured
(d)
is important
Answer A bull run in the equity markets starts off with large cap stocks and then
Explanation moves on to mid and small caps.
Correct Answer 20 Any information which can influence the insurer risk perception of the insured
is important
NISM SERIES X B : INVESTMENT ADVISER (LEVEL 2)
CERTIFICATION EXAM – PRACTICE TEST NO. 2
Question 21 Correlation between two asset class return series ranges from .
(a) -10 to + 10
(b) -1 to + 1
(c) -1 to zero
Correct -1 to + 1
Answer 21
Answer Correlation between two asset class return series ranges from -1 to +1.
Explanation
- A correlation of -1 means that they move exactly in opposite directions.
- A correlation of +1 means that they move exactly in the same directions.
Answer Income protection need is the need to protect the available income from an
Explanation unexpected charge. Health insurance and motor insurance are examples of
insurance products that cover such risks.
NISM SERIES X B : INVESTMENT ADVISER (LEVEL 2)
CERTIFICATION EXAM – PRACTICE TEST NO. 2
Question 23 The is the average deviation of actual returns from the average
return over a time period and is computed using a statistical formula.
(a) Variance
(b) Beta
(c) Delta
(a) shorter
(b) longer
Correct Longer
Answer 25
Answer If the investors cannot reinvest the money at the same or higher rate of
Explanation interest, they face a reinvestment risk.
NISM SERIES X B : INVESTMENT ADVISER (LEVEL 2)
CERTIFICATION EXAM – PRACTICE TEST NO. 2
Question 27 Which among the following statements is FALSE with respect to a minor
investing in a Mutual Fund ?
(c) Minor can be joint holders along with any other person
Question 28 The risk and return features of a mutual fund scheme will be defined by
.
Correct Answer 27 Minor can be joint holders along with any other person
Answer The investment objective of a fund describes what the fund seeks to achieve.
Explanation
In order to decide suitability of a fund to investors, information about how the money
would be invested by the fund is important. This is defined by the investment objective of a
fund.
NISM SERIES X B : INVESTMENT ADVISER (LEVEL 2)
CERTIFICATION EXAM – PRACTICE TEST NO. 2
Question 29 Generally more number of Initial Public Offers (IPO's) are made during
.
(a) change their Status with the respective financial service providers
Answer In bullish markets the investor confidence in the markets is high and during
Explanation these phases, the IPOs get good response and get subscribed. So we generally
see more numbar of IPOs during bullish market conditions.
(a) increases the premium on Call Options but reduces the premium on Put
Options
(b) increases the premium on Put Options but reduces the premium on Call
Options
(a) I
(b) II
(c) III
(d) IV
Correct Answer 1 increases the premium on both Call and Put Options
So longer the time to expiry will mean increase in the premium of both
Call and Put options.
.
Correct Answer 2 III
.
NISM SERIES X B : INVESTMENT ADVISER (LEVEL 2)
CERTIFICATION EXAM – PRACTICE TEST NO. 3
Question 4 Which among the following affect the option premiums in Currency or
Equity Derivatives ?
Answer In Discretionary portfolio management services. the portfolio manager manages the portfolio
Explantion in alignment with the investor’s requirement.
In Non-discretionary management services, the portfolio manager will provide advice and
information to the investor who will themselves take the decisions on investment choices and
timing of the investment. The portfolio manager will execute the decisions taken by the
investor.
In Direct Investment, there is no portfolio manager involved and the research and evaluation
is done by the investor who decides on what to invest in and the timing for entry and exit.
Correct All of the above
Answer 4
Answer The option premium is a function of the spot price, strike price, volatility , time to maturity and
Explantion the risk free interest rate etc.
NISM SERIES X B : INVESTMENT ADVISER (LEVEL 2)
CERTIFICATION EXAM – PRACTICE TEST NO. 3
Question 5 The contract size for JPYINR in the Indian currency futures market is
.
(a) 1000
(b) 10000
(c) 100000
(d) 1000000
Question 6 If the nominal rate of interest is 9% and the rate of inflation is 3%, what
is the real rate of interest?
(a) 6%
(b) 12%
(c) 6.27%
(d) 5.83%
Correct 100000
Answer 5
In the case of USDINR it is USD 1000; EURINR it is EUR 1000; GBPINR it is GBP 1000
Correct 5.83%
Answer 6
.
NISM SERIES X B : INVESTMENT ADVISER (LEVEL 2)
CERTIFICATION EXAM – PRACTICE TEST NO. 3
The Mutual Fund Fact Sheets show each of the following except -
Question 9
(a) Sector Profile of the securities invested in.
Answer Mutual Funds may not disclose details such as the date of acquisition of securities or the
Explanation residual maturity in the Fact Sheets.
Correct
Answer 10
Time and price at which the shares were acquired
Answer Mutual Fund factsheets do not disclose at which price and when the shares were
Explanation purchased or sold.
NISM SERIES X B : INVESTMENT ADVISER (LEVEL 2)
CERTIFICATION EXAM – PRACTICE TEST NO. 3
The PAN issued to a minor will have to be resubmitted to the Income Tax
authorities, for issuance of a new card, with the same number, but the new signature of
the minor-turned-major.
Since demat accounts of minors can be held only on single-name basis, the account opening
process has to be redone for a minor-turned-major. Securities held in the old demat account
with minor status are transferred to the new demat account.
NISM SERIES X B : INVESTMENT ADVISER (LEVEL 2)
CERTIFICATION EXAM – PRACTICE TEST NO. 3
Correct
Answer
12 Category I Alternative Investment Fund
Answer Category I AIF invests in start-up or early stage ventures or social ventures or SMEs or
Expln infastructure or other sectors or areas which the government or regulators consider as socially
or economically desirable.
Category II AIF which does not fall in Category I and III and which does not undertake
leverage or borrowing other than to meet day today oerational requirements.
Category III AIF which employs diverse or complex trading strategies and may employ
leverage including through investment in listed or unlisted
derivatives
NISM SERIES X B : INVESTMENT ADVISER (LEVEL 2)
CERTIFICATION EXAM – PRACTICE TEST NO. 3
Question 13 If a person wishes to take a loan against some portion of his Mutual Fund
holdings, he will have to .
(b) Transfer the required portion to a new folio and mark a lien on it
(c) Transfer the required portion to a new folio and make the lender the joint
holder
(d) Mark lien only on the portion required in the existing folio
(a) Buying a CALL option and Selling a CALL Option at Same Strike Price
(b) Buying a CALL option and Selling a CALL Option at Different Strike Price
(c) Buying a CALL option and Selling a PUT Option at Same Strike Price
(d) Buying a CALL option and Selling a PUT Option at Different Strike Price
Correct Mark lien only on the portion required in the existing folio
Answer 13
Answer A lien is marked on the portion required in the same folio. There is no need to open a new
Explantion account etc.
Correct Buying a CALL option and Selling a CALL Option at Different Strike Price
Answer 14
Answer The bull spread is in which options with a lower striking price are purchased and options
Explantion with a higher striking price sold.
A bull spread option strategy is used by the option trader who is looking to profit from an
expected rise in the price of the underlying security.
.
NISM SERIES X B : INVESTMENT ADVISER (LEVEL 2)
CERTIFICATION EXAM – PRACTICE TEST NO. 3
Question 15
The test of insurable interest is that .
(a) the insured should be better off if the risk does not materialise, but will be
adversely affected if the risk materialises
(b) the insured should be worse off if the risk does not materialise, but will be
gain if the risk materialises
(c) the insured should be better off if the risk does not materialise, but will be
benefit if the risk materialises
(d) the insured should be worse off if the risk does not materialise, but will be
adversely affected if the risk materialises
Correct the insured should be better off if the risk does not materialise, but will be adversely affected if
Answer 15 the risk materialises
Answer The insurer will cover the risk only if the insured has an insurable interest in the subject
Explanation matter of insurance. The test of insurable interest is that the insured should be better off
if the risk does not materialise, but will be adversely affected if the risk materialises.
For example, a factory owner has insurable interest on the stocks he has in his factory.
Answer
Explanation CBLO and Treasury bonds are secured.
Corporate Fixed Deposits are mostly unsecure & that is why they pay higher
rates than secured bonds.
NISM SERIES X B : INVESTMENT ADVISER (LEVEL 2)
CERTIFICATION EXAM – PRACTICE TEST NO. 3
Question 17 With respect to the National Pension Scheme (NPS), which of the
following is true regarding TIER 1 A/c.
(b) Withdrawals can be made only after the death of the account holder
(b) Gratuity
Question 19 The face value of a company's share is Rs 5 and the current market price
is Rs 60. The EPS is Rs 12. The company declares a dividend of 20%.
What is the dividend yield ?
(a) 12%
(b) 5%
(c) 2.41%
(d) 1.67%
(d)
Loan which are taken by companies
Correct 1.67%
Answer 19
Answer Mortgage is a debt instrument, secured by the collateral of specified real estate property, The
Explanation loan is "secured" on the borrower's property.
Mortgages are used by individuals and businesses to make real estate purchases without
paying the entire value of the purchase up front.
NISM SERIES X B : INVESTMENT ADVISER (LEVEL 2)
CERTIFICATION EXAM – PRACTICE TEST NO. 3
(a) India
(a) Agricultural
(b) Industrial
(c) Service
(d) Software
Correct India
Answer 21
Answer GDP refers to output produced in the country, irrespective of the ownership of the
Explanation factors of production. So the production of a foreign unit in India is included in
India’s GDP.
Correct Service
Answer 22
Answer In India the service sector has been growing at a high rate in the last ten years, and its share in
Explantion the GDP has also moved up.
The contribution of services to GDP is now about 58%, while the share of agriculture and
industry has gone down.
NISM SERIES X B : INVESTMENT ADVISER (LEVEL 2)
CERTIFICATION EXAM – PRACTICE TEST NO. 3
Scanning the macro economic scenario and then identifying industries to choose from and
zeroing in on companies, is the Top-Down approach.
Answer Re-investment risk is the risk of fall in the returns when cash flows from investments are
Explantion reinvested.
If the interst rates are declining, then the cash flow from matured investment may have to be
reinvested at a lower interest rate.
.
NISM SERIES X B : INVESTMENT ADVISER (LEVEL 2)
CERTIFICATION EXAM – PRACTICE TEST NO. 3
Question 25 As per SEBI (Alternate Investment Funds) Regulations, 2012. which fund
can invests in infrastructure or other sectors or areas which the
government or regulators consider as socially or economically desirable ?
Question 26 Lower the economic activity, more the number of Initial Public Offers
(IPOs) - State True or False ?
(a) TRUE
(b) FALSE
Answer Category I Alternative Investment Fund can invests in start-up or early stage ventures
Explanation or social ventures or SMEs or infrastructure or other sectors or areas which the
government or regulators consider as socially or economically desirable and shall include
venture capital funds, SME Funds, social venture funds, infrastructure funds and such
other Alternative Investment Funds as may be specified.
Answer More IPOs are likely to be made when there is a good economic growth
Explanation and the stock markets are bullish.
NISM SERIES X B : INVESTMENT ADVISER (LEVEL 2)
CERTIFICATION EXAM – PRACTICE TEST NO. 3
Question 27 Which of these fund seeks to beat the performance of its benchmark
index returns.
(a) PFRDA
(b) RBI
(c) IRDA
(d) SEBI
Answer Index fund seeks to match the performance of the benchmark index.
Explanatio
n
Equity Funds and NFOs can include passive funds which seek to match the performance of its
benchmark.
Active funds are those funds which are agressively managed and seek to beat the returns of
benchmark index.
Correct PFRDA
Answer 28
Answer The National Pension Scheme (NPS) is regulated by PFRDA (Pension Funds Regulation
Explanation and Development Authority).
NISM SERIES X B : INVESTMENT ADVISER (LEVEL 2)
CERTIFICATION EXAM – PRACTICE TEST NO. 3
Question 29
need to compulsorily register as investment adviser with SEBI.
Answer As per SEBI rules, some persons are granted exemptions from registration
Explanation subject to the fulfilment of the conditions and they include insurance
agent, pension advisor, distributor of mutual funds, advocate,
solicitor, member of Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, stock
broker or sub-broker registered under SEBI etc.
Answer The coupon rate is the interest rate at which the instrument is issued and it remains constant
Explantion through out the life of the instrument.
The yield and price keep on changing everyday as the time to maturity shortens or there are
changes in RBI interest rates etc.