muscle origin insertion innervation function

Supraspinatus Medial two third of Most superior facet Suprascapular nerve Participates in
the supraspinous on the greater C5 , C6 abduction of the
fossa of the scapula tubercle of the glenohumeral joint
and the deep fascia humerus .
that covers the Stabilization of
muscle glenohumeral joint
.
Infraspinatus Medial two-thirds of Middle facet on Suprascapular Rotator cuff
the infraspinous posterior surface of nerve (C5, C6) muscle; lateral
fossa of the the greater tubercle rotation of arm at
scapula and the of the humerus the glenohumeral
deep fascia that joint; stabilization
covers the muscle of glenohumeral
joint

Teres minor Upper two-thirds of Inferior facet on the Axillary nerve (C5, Rotator cuff
a flattened strip of posterior surface of C6) muscle; lateral
bone on the the greater tubercle rotation of arm at
posterior surface of of the humerus the glenohumeral
the scapula joint; stabilization
immediately of glenohumeral
adjacent to the joint
lateral border of the
scapula

Teres major Elongate oval area Medial lip of the Inferior Medial rotation and
on the posterior intertubercular subscapular nerve extension of the
surface of the sulcus on the (C5, C6, C7) arm at the
inferior anterior surface of glenohumeral
angle of the scapula the humerus joint; stabilization
of glenohumeral
joint

Long head of Infraglenoid Common tendon of Radial nerve (C6, Extension of the
triceps brachii tubercle on scapula insertion with C7, C8) forearm at the
medial and lateral elbow joint;
heads on the accessory
olecranon process adductor and
of ulna extensor of the
arm at the
glenohumeral joint

Trapezius Superior nuchal Superior edge of Motor spinal part of Powerful elevator
line, external the crest of the accessory nerve of the scapula;
occipital spine of the (XI). Sensory rotates the scapula
protuberance, scapula, acromion, (proprioception) during abduction
medial margin of posterior border of anterior rami of C3 of humerus above
the ligamentum lateral one-third of and C4 horizontal; middle
nuchae, spinous clavicle fibers retract
processes of CVII scapula; lower
to TXII and the fibers depress
related scapula
supraspinous
ligaments

Deltoid Inferior edge of the Deltoid tuberosity Axillary nerve (C5, Major abductor of
crest of the spine of of humerus C6) arm; clavicular
 the scapula, lateral fibers assist in
margin of the flexing the arm;
acromion, anterior posterior fibers
border of lateral assist in extending
one-third of clavicle the arm

Levator Transverse Posterior surface of Branches directly Elevates the

scapulae processes of CI and medial border of from anterior rami scapula
CII vertebrae and scapula from of C3 and C4 spinal
posterior tubercles superior angle to nerves and by
of transverse root of spine of the branches (C5) from
processes of CIII scapula the dorsal scapular
and CIV vertebrae nerve

Rhomboid minor Lower end of Posterior surface of Dorsal scapular Elevates and
ligamentum nuchae medial border of nerve (C4, C5) retracts the
and spinous scapula at the root scapula
processes of CVII of the spine of the
and TI vertebrae scapula

Rhomboid major Spinous processes Posterior surface of Dorsal scapular Elevates and
of TII–TV vertebrae medial border of nerve (C4, C5) retracts the
and intervening scapula from the scapula
supraspinous root of the spine of
ligaments the scapula to the
inferior angle

Pectoralis major Clavicular head— Lateral lip of Medial and lateral Flexion, adduction,
anterior surface of intertubercular pectoral nerves; and medial
medial half of sulcus of humerus clavicular head (C5, rotation of arm at
clavicle; C6); sternocostal glenohumeral
sternocostal head (C6, C7, C8, joint; clavicular
head—anterior T1) head—flexion of
surface of sternum; extended arm;
first seven costal sternocostal
cartilages; sternal head—extension
end of sixth rib; of flexed arm
aponeurosis of
external oblique

Subclavius First rib at junction Groove on inferior Nerve to subclavius Pulls tip of
between rib and surface of middle (C5, C6) shoulder down;
costal cartilage one-third of clavicle pulls clavicle
medially to
stabilize
sternoclavicular
joint

Pectoralis minor Anterior surfaces Coracoid process Medial pectoral Pulls tip of
and superior of scapula (medial nerve (C5, C6, C7, shoulder down;
borders of ribs III to border and upper C8, T1) protracts scapula
V; and from deep surface)
fascia overlying the
related intercostal
spaces
Serratus anterior Lateral surfaces of Costal surface of Long thoracic nerve Protraction and
upper 8–9 ribs and medial border of (C5, C6, C7) rotation of the
deep fascia scapula scapula; keeps
overlying the medial border and
related intercostal inferior angle of
spaces scapula opposed
to thoracic wall

Subscapularis Medial two-thirds of Lesser tubercle of Upper and lower Rotator cuff
subscapular fossa humerus subscapular nerves muscle; medial
(C5, C6, (C7)) rotation of the arm
at the
glenohumeral joint

Teres major Elongate oval area Medial lip of the Lower subscapular Medial rotation and
on the posterior intertubercular nerve (C5, C6, C7) extension of the
surface of the sulcus on the arm at the
inferior angle of the anterior surface of glenohumeral joint
scapula the humerus

Latissimus dorsi Spinous processes Floor of Thoracodorsal Adduction, medial

of lower six intertubercular nerve (C6, C7, C8) rotation, and
thoracic vertebrae sulcus extension of the
and related arm at the
interspinous glenohumeral joint
ligaments; via the
thoracolumbar
fascia to the
spinous processes
of the lumbar
vertebrae, related
interspinous
ligaments, and iliac
crest; lower 3–4
ribs

Biceps brachii Long head— Tuberosity of Musculocutaneous Powerful flexor of

supraglenoid radius nerve (C5, C6) the forearm at the
tubercle of scapula; elbow joint and
short head—apex supinator of the
of coracoid process forearm;
accessory flexor of
the arm at the
glenohumeral joint

Coracobrachialis Apex of coracoid Linear roughening Musculocutaneous Flexor of the arm

process on midshaft of nerve (C5, C6, C7) at the
humerus on medial glenohumeral
side joint; adducts arm

Flexor carpi Humeral head— Pisiform bone, and Ulnar nerve (C7, C8, Flexes and
ulnaris medial epicondyle then via T1) adducts the wrist
of humerus; ulnar pisohamate and joint
head—olecranon pisometacarpal
and posterior ligaments into the
border of ulna hamate and base of
metacarpal V

Palmaris longus Medial epicondyle Palmar Median nerve (C7, Flexes wrist joint;
of humerus aponeurosis of C8) because the
hand palmar
 aponeurosis
anchors skin of the
hand, contraction
of the muscle
resists shearing
forces when
gripping

Flexor carpi Medial epicondyle Base of Median nerve (C6, Flexes and
radialis of humerus metacarpals II and C7) abducts the wrist
III

Pronator teres Humeral head— Roughening on Median nerve (C6, Pronation

medial epicondyle lateral surface, C7)
and adjacent supra- midshaft, of radius
epicondylar ridge;
ulnar head—medial
side of coronoid
process

Flexor digitorum Humero-ulnar Four tendons, Median nerve (C8, Flexes proximal
superficialis head—medial which attach to the T1) interphalangeal
epicondyle of palmar surfaces of joints of the index,
humerus and the middle middle, ring, and
adjacent margin of phalanges of the little fingers; can
coronoid process; index, middle, ring, also flex
radial head— and little fingers metacarpophalang
oblique line of eal joints of the
radius same fingers and
the wrist joint

Flexor digitorum Anterior and medial Four tendons, Flexes distal

profundus surfaces of ulna which attach to the Lateral half by interphalangeal
and anterior medial palmar surfaces of median nerve joints of the index,
half of interosseous the distal (anterior middle, ring, and
membrane phalanges of the interosseous little fingers; can
index, middle, ring, nerve); medial half also flex
and little fingers by ulnar nerve (C8, metacarpophalang
T1) eal joints of the
same fingers and
the wrist joint

Flexor pollicis Anterior surface of Palmar surface of Median nerve Flexes

longus radius and radial base of distal (anterior interphalangeal
half of interosseous phalanx of thumb interosseous nerve) joint of the thumb;
membrane (C7, C8) can also flex
metacarpophalang
eal joint of the
thumb

Pronator Linear ridge on Distal anterior Median nerve Pronation

quadratus distal anterior surface of radius (anterior
surface of ulna interosseous nerve)
(C7, C8)

Brachioradialis Proximal part of Lateral surface of Radial nerve (C5, Accessory flexor
lateral distal end of radius C6) before division of elbow joint
supraepicondylar into superficial and when forearm is
ridge of humerus deep branches midpronated
and adjacent
intermuscular
 septum

Extensor carpi Distal part of lateral Dorsal surface of Radial nerve (C6, Extends and
radialis longus supraepicondylar base of metacarpal C7) before division abducts the wrist
ridge of humerus II into superficial and
and adjacent deep branches
intermuscular
septum

Extensor carpi Lateral epicondyle Dorsal surface of Deep branch of Extends and
radialis brevis of humerus and base of radial nerve (C7, abducts the wrist
adjacent metacarpals II and C8) before
intermuscular III penetrating
septum supinator muscle

Extensor Lateral epicondyle Four tendons, Posterior Extends the index,

digitorum of humerus and which insert via interosseous nerve middle, ring, and
adjacent extensor hoods (C7, C8) little fingers; can
intermuscular into the dorsal also extend the
septum and deep aspects of the wrist
fascia bases of the middle
and distal
phalanges of the
index, middle, ring,
and little fingers

Extensor digiti Lateral epicondyle Extensor hood of Posterior Extends the little
minimi of humerus and the little finger interosseous nerve finger
adjacent (C7, C8)
intermuscular
septum together
with extensor
digitorum

Extensor carpi Lateral epicondyle Tubercle on the Posterior Extends and

ulnaris of humerus and base of the medial interosseous nerve adducts the wrist
posterior border of side of metacarpal (C7, C8)
ulna V

Anconeus Lateral epicondyle Olecranon and Radial nerve (C6, Abduction of the
of humerus proximal posterior C7, C8) (via branch ulna in pronation;
surface of ulna to medial head of accessory
triceps brachii) extensor of the
elbow joint

Supinator Superficial layer— Lateral surface of Posterior Supination

lateral epicondyle radius superior to interosseous nerve
of humerus, radial the anterior oblique (C6, C7)
collateral and line
anular ligaments;
deep layer—
supinator crest of
the ulna

Abductor Posterior surfaces Lateral side of base Posterior Abducts

pollicis longus of ulna and radius of metacarpal I interosseous nerve carpometacarpal
(distal to the (C7, C8) joint of thumb;
attachments of accessory
supinator and extensor of the
anconeus), and thumb
intervening
 interosseous
membrane

Extensor pollicis Posterior surface of Dorsal surface of Posterior Extends

brevis radius (distal to base of proximal interosseous nerve metacarpophalang
abductor pollicis phalanx of the (C7, C8) eal joint of the
longus) and the thumb thumb; can also
adjacent extend the
interosseous carpometacarpal
membrane joint of the thumb

Extensor pollicis Posterior surface of Dorsal surface of Posterior Extends

longus ulna (distal to the base of distal interosseous nerve interphalangeal
abductor pollicis phalanx of thumb (C7, C8) joint of the thumb;
longus) and the can also extend
adjacent carpometacarpal
interosseous and
membrane metacarpophalang
eal joints of the
thumb

Extensor indicis Posterior surface of Extensor hood of Posterior Extends index

ulna (distal to index finger interosseous nerve finger
extensor pollicis (C7, C8)
longus) and
adjacent
interosseous
membrane

Palmaris brevis Palmar Dermis of skin on Superficial branch Improves grip

aponeurosis and the medial margin of the ulnar nerve
flexor retinaculum of the hand (C8, T1)

Dorsal interossei Adjacent sides of Extensor hood and Deep branch of Abduction of
(four muscles) metacarpals base of proximal ulnar nerve (C8, T1) index, middle, and
phalanges of index, ring fingers at the
middle, and ring metacarpophalang
fingers eal joints

Palmar Sides of Extensor hoods of Deep branch of Adduction of the

interossei (three metacarpals the thumb, index, ulnar nerve (C8, T1) thumb, index, ring,
ring, and little and little fingers at
or four muscles) fingers and the the
proximal phalanx of metacarpophalang
thumb eal joints

Adductor Transverse head— Base of proximal Deep branch of Adducts thumb

pollicis metacarpal III; phalanx and ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
oblique head— extensor hood of
capitate and bases thumb
of metacarpals II
and III

Lumbricals (four Tendons of flexor Extensor hoods of Medial two by the Flex
muscles) digitorum index, ring, middle, deep branch of the metacarpophalang
profundus and little fingers ulnar nerve; lateral eal joints while
two by digital extending
branches of the interphalangeal
median nerve joints
 THENAR MUSCLES

Opponens Tubercle of Lateral margin and Recurrent branch of Medially rotates

pollicis trapezium and adjacent palmar median nerve (C8, thumb
flexor retinaculum surface of T1)
metacarpal I

Abductor Tubercles of Proximal phalanx Recurrent branch of Abducts thumb at

pollicis brevis scaphoid and and extensor hood median nerve (C8, metacarpophalang
trapezium and of thumb T1) eal joint
adjacent flexor
retinaculum

Flexor pollicis Tubercle of the Proximal phalanx of Recurrent branch of Flexes thumb at
brevis trapezium and the thumb median nerve (C8, metacarpophalang
flexor retinaculum T1) eal joint

HYPOTHENAR
MUSCLES
Opponens digiti Hook of hamate Medial aspect of Deep branch of Laterally rotates
minimi and flexor metacarpal V ulnar nerve (C8, T1) metacarpal V
retinaculum

Abductor digiti Pisiform, the Proximal phalanx of Deep branch of Abducts little
minimi pisohamate little finger ulnar nerve (C8, T1) finger at
ligament, and metacarpophalang
tendon of flexor eal joint
carpi ulnaris

Flexor digiti Hook of the hamate Proximal phalanx of Deep branch of Flexes little finger
minimi brevis and flexor little finger ulnar nerve (C8, T1) at
retinaculum metacarpophalang
eal joint

Muscles of the
gluteal region

Piriformis Anterior surface of Medial side of Branches from S1 Laterally rotates

sacrum between superior border of and S2 the extended
anterior sacral greater trochanter femur at hip joint;
foramina of femur abducts flexed
femur at hip joint

Obturator internus Anterolateral wall Medial side of Nerve to obturator Laterally rotates
of true pelvis; deep greater trochanter internus (L5, S1) the extended
surface of obturator of femur femur at hip joint;
membrane and abducts flexed
surrounding bone femur at hip joint
Gemellus superior External surface of Along length of Nerve to obturator Laterally rotates
ischial spine superior surface of internus (L5, S1) the extended
the obturator femur at hip joint;
internus tendon abducts flexed
and into the medial femur at hip joint
side of greater
trochanter of femur
with obturator
internus tendon
Gemellus inferior Upper aspect of Along length of Nerve to quadratus Laterally rotates
ischial tuberosity inferior surface of femoris (L5, S1) the extended
the obturator femur at hip joint;
internus tendon abducts flexed
and into the medial femur at hip joint
side of greater
trochanter of femur
with obturator
internus tendon
Quadratus femoris Lateral aspect of Quadrate tubercle Nerve to quadratus Laterally rotates
the ischium just on the femoris (L5, S1) femur at hip joint
anterior to the intertrochanteric
ischial tuberosity crest of the
proximal femur
Gluteus minimus External surface of Linear facet on the Superior gluteal Abducts femur at
ilium between anterolateral aspect nerve (L4, L5, S1) hip joint; holds
inferior and anterior of the greater pelvis secure over
gluteal lines trochanter stance leg and
prevents pelvic
drop on the
opposite swing
side during
walking; medially
rotates thigh
Gluteus medius External surface of Elongate facet on Superior gluteal Abducts femur at
ilium between the lateral surface nerve (L4, L5, S1) hip joint; holds
anterior and of the greater pelvis secure over
posterior gluteal trochanter stance leg and
lines prevents pelvic
drop on the
opposite swing
side during
walking; medially
rotates thigh
Gluteus maximus Fascia covering Posterior aspect of Inferior gluteal Powerful extensor
gluteus medius, iliotibial tract of nerve (L5, S1, S2) of flexed femur at
external surface of fascia lata and hip joint; lateral
ilium behind gluteal tuberosity stabilizer of hip
posterior gluteal of proximal femur joint and knee
line, fascia of joint; laterally
erector spinae, rotates and
dorsal surface of abducts thigh
lower sacrum,
lateral margin of
coccyx, external
surface of
sacrotuberous
ligament
Tensor fasciae Lateral aspect of Iliotibial tract of Superior gluteal Stabilizes the knee
crest of ilium fascia lata nerve (L4, L5, S1) in extension
latae between anterior
superior iliac spine
and tubercle of the
crest
Muscles of the
anterior
compartment of
thigh
Psoas major Posterior Lesser trochanter Anterior rami (L1, Flexes the thigh at
abdominal wall of femur L2, L3) the hip joint
(lumbar transverse
processes,
intervertebral discs,
and adjacent
bodies from TXII to
LV and tendinous
arches between
these points)
Iliacus Posterior Lesser trochanter Femoral nerve (L2, Flexes the thigh at
abdominal wall of femur L3) the hip joint
(iliac fossa)

Vastus medialis Femur—medial part Quadriceps femoris Femoral nerve (L2, Extends the leg at
of intertrochanteric tendon and medial L3, L4) the knee joint
line, pectineal line, border of patella
medial lip of the
linea aspera, medial
supracondylar line
Vastus Femur—upper two- Quadriceps femoris Femoral nerve (L2, Extends the leg at
thirds of anterior tendon, lateral L3, L4) the knee joint
intermedius and lateral surfaces margin of patella,
and lateral condyle
of tibia
Vastus lateralis Femur—lateral part Quadriceps femoris Femoral nerve (L2, Extends the leg at
of intertrochanteric tendon and lateral L3, L4) the knee joint
line, margin of margin of patella
greater trochanter,
lateral margin of
gluteal tuberosity,
lateral lip of the
linea aspera
Sartorius Anterior superior Medial surface of Femoral nerve Flexes the thigh at
iliac spin (ASIS) tibia just (L2,L3) the hip
inferomedial to joint and flexes the
tibial tuberosity leg at
the knee joint
Rectus femoris Straight head Quadriceps femoris Femoral nerve Flexes the thigh at
originates from the tendon (L2, L3, L4) the hip
anterior inferior joint and extends
iliac spine; the leg at
reflected the knee joint
head originates
from the ilium just
superior to the
acetabulum
Muscles of the
medial
compartment of
thigh
Gracilis A line on the Medial surface of Obturator nerve Adducts thigh at
external surfaces of proximal shaft of (L2, L3) hip joint and flexes
the body of the tibia leg at knee joint
pubis, the inferior
pubic ramus, and
the ramus of the
ischium
Pectineus Pectineal line Oblique line Femoral nerve (L2, Adducts and flexes
(pecten pubis) and extending from L3) thigh at hip joint
adjacent bone of base of lesser
pelvis trochanter to linea
aspera on posterior
surface of proximal
femur
Adductor longus External surface of Linea aspera on Obturator nerve Adducts and
body of pubis middle one-third of (anterior division) medially rotates
(triangular shaft of femur (L2, L3, L4) thigh at hip joint
depression inferior
to pubic crest and
lateral to pubic
symphysis)
Adductor brevis External surface of Posterior surface of Obturator nerve Adducts and
body of pubis and proximal femur and (L2, L3) medially rotates
inferior pubic upper one-third of thigh at hip joint
ramus linea aspera
Adductor magnus Adductor part— Posterior surface of Obturator nerve Adducts and
ischiopubic ramus proximal femur, (L2, L3, L4) medially rotates
linea aspera, medial thigh at hip joint
supracondylar line
Obturator External surface of Trochanteric fossa Obturator nerve Laterally rotates
obturator (posterior division) thigh at hip joint
externus membrane and (L3, L4)
adjacent bone
Muscles of the
posterior
compartment of
thigh
Biceps femoris Long head— Head of fibula Sciatic nerve (L5, Flexes leg at knee
inferomedial part of S1, S2) joint; extends and
the upper area of laterally rotates
the ischial thigh at hip joint
tuberosity; short and laterally
head—lateral lip of rotates leg at knee
linea aspera joint
Semitendinosus Inferomedial part of Medial surface of Sciatic nerve (L5, Flexes leg at knee
the upper area of proximal tibia S1, S2) joint and extends
the ischial thigh at hip joint;
tuberosity medially rotates
thigh at hip joint
and leg at knee
joint
Semimembranosus Superolateral Groove and Sciatic nerve (L5, Flexes leg at knee
impression on the adjacent bone on S1, S2) joint and extends
ischial tuberosity medial and thigh at hip joint;
posterior surface of medially rotates
medial tibial thigh at hip joint
condyle and leg at knee
joint
Superficial
group of
muscles in the
posterior
compartment of
leg
Gastrocnemius Medial head— Via calcaneal Tibial nerve (S1, S2) Plantarflexes foot
posterior surface of tendon, to posterior and flexes knee
distal femur just surface of
superior to medial calcaneus
condyle; lateral
head—upper
posterolateral
surface of lateral
femoral condyle
Plantaris Inferior part of Via calcaneal Tibial nerve (S1, S2) Plantarflexes foot
lateral tendon, to posterior and flexes knee
supracondylar line surface of
of femur and calcaneus
oblique popliteal
ligament of knee
Soleus Soleal line and Via calcaneal Tibial nerve (S1, S2) Plantarflexes the
medial border of tendon, to posterior foot
tibia; posterior surface of
aspect of fibular calcaneus
head and adjacent
surfaces of neck
and proximal shaft;
tendinous arch
between tibial and
fibular attachments
Deep group of
muscles in the
posterior
compartment of
leg
Popliteus Lateral femoral Posterior surface of Tibial nerve (L4 to Stabilizes knee
condyle proximal tibia S1) joint (resists lateral
rotation of tibia on
femur)
Unlocks knee joint
(laterally rotates
femur on fixed
tibia)
Flexor hallucis Posterior surface of Plantar surface of Tibial nerve (S2, S3) Flexes great toe
fibula and adjacent distal phalanx of
longus interosseous great toe
membrane
Flexor digitorum Medial side of Plantar surfaces of Tibial nerve (S2, S3) Flexes lateral four
posterior surface of bases of distal toes
longus the tibia phalanges of the
lateral four toes
Tibialis posterior Posterior surfaces Mainly to tuberosity Tibial nerve (L4, L5) Inversion and
of interosseous of navicular and plantarflexion of
membrane and adjacent region of foot; support of
adjacent regions of medial cuneiform medial arch of foot
tibia and fibula during walking
Muscles of the
lateral
compartment of
leg
Fibularis longus Upper lateral Undersurface of Superficial fibular Eversion and
surface of fibula, lateral sides of nerve (L5, S1, S2) plantarflexion of
head of fibula, and distal end of medial foot; supports
occasionally the cuneiform and base arches of foot
 lateral tibial of metatarsal I
condyle

Fibularis brevis Lower two-thirds of Lateral tubercle at Superficial fibular Eversion of foot
lateral surface of base of metatarsal nerve (L5, S1, S2)
shaft of fibula V

Muscles of the
anterior
compartment of
leg

Tibialis anterior Lateral surface of Medial and inferior Deep fibular nerve Dorsiflexion of foot
tibia and adjacent surfaces of medial (L4, L5) at ankle joint;
interosseous cuneiform and inversion of foot;
membrane adjacent surfaces dynamic support
on base of of medial arch of
metatarsal I foot
Extensor hallucis Middle one-half of Dorsal surface of Deep fibular nerve Extension of great
medial surface of base of distal (L5, S1) toe and
longus fibula and adjacent phalanx of great toe dorsiflexion of foot
surface of
interosseous
membrane
Extensor Proximal one-half Via dorsal digital Deep fibular nerve Extension of
of medial surface of expansions into (L5, S1) lateral four toes
digitorum longus fibula and related bases of distal and and dorsiflexion of
surface of lateral middle phalanges foot
tibial condyle of lateral four toes
Fibularis tertius Distal part of Dorsomedial Deep fibular nerve Dorsiflexion and
medial surface of surface of base of (L5, S1) eversion of foot
fibula metatarsal V

Muscles of the
dorsal aspect of
the foot
Extensor Superolateral Lateral sides of the Deep fibular nerve Extension of toes II
surface of the tendons of (S1, S2) to IV
digitorum brevis calcaneus extensor digitorum
longus of toes II to
IV
Extensor hallucis Superolateral Base of proximal Deep fibular nerve Extension of
surface of phalanx of great toe (S1, S2) metatarsophalange
brevis calcaneus al joint of great toe

First layer of
muscles in the
sole of the foot
Abductor hallucis Medial process of Medial side of base Medial plantar Abducts and flexes
calcaneal of proximal phalanx nerve from the tibial great toe at
tuberosity of great toe nerve (S1, S2, S3) metatarsophalange
al joint
Flexor digitorum Medial process of Sides of plantar Medial plantar Flexes lateral four
calcaneal surface of middle nerve from the tibial toes at proximal
brevis tuberosity and phalanges of lateral nerve (S1, S2, S3) interphalangeal
plantar four toes joint
aponeurosis
Abductor digiti Lateral and medial Lateral side of base Lateral plantar Abducts little toe
processes of of proximal phalanx nerve from the tibial at the
minimi calcaneal of little toe nerve (S1, S2, S3) metatarsophalange
tuberosity, and al joint
band of connective
tissue connecting
calcaneus with
base of metatarsal
V
Second layer of
muscles in the
sole of the foot

Quadratus plantae Medial surface of Lateral side of Lateral plantar Assists flexor
calcaneus and tendon of flexor nerve from tibial digitorum longus
lateral process of digitorum longus in nerve (S1, S2, S3) tendon in flexing
calcaneal proximal sole of the toes II to V
tuberosity foot
Lumbricals First lumbrical— Medial free margins First lumbrical— Flexion of
medial side of of extensor hoods medial plantar metatarsophalange
tendon of flexor of toes nerve from the tibial al joint and
digitorum longus II to V nerve; second, extension of
associated with toe third, and fourth interphalangeal
II; second, third, lumbricals—lateral joints
and fourth plantar nerve from
lumbricals— the tibial nerve (S2,
adjacent surfaces S3)
of adjacent tendons
of flexor digitorum
longus
Third layer of
muscles in the
sole of the foot
Flexor hallucis Plantar surface of Lateral and medial Medial plantar Flexes
cuboid and lateral sides of base of nerve from tibial metatarsophalange
brevis cuneiform; tendon proximal phalanx of nerve (S1, S2) al joint of the great
of tibialis posterior the great toe toe
Adductor hallucis Transverse head— Lateral side of base Lateral plantar Adducts great toe
ligaments of proximal phalanx nerve from tibial at
associated with of great toe nerve (S2, S3) metatarsophalange
metatarsophalange al joint
al joints of lateral
three toes; oblique
head—bases of
metatarsals II to IV
and from sheath
covering fibularis
longus
Flexor digiti Base of metatarsal Lateral side of base Lateral plantar Flexes little toe at
V and related of proximal phalanx nerve from tibial metatarsophalange
minimi brevis sheath of fibularis of little toe nerve (S2, S3) al joint
longus tendon
 Fourth layer of
muscles in the
sole of the foot
Dorsal interossei Sides of adjacent Extensor hoods Lateral plantar Abduction of toes
metatarsals and bases of nerve from tibial II to IV at
proximal phalanges nerve; first and metatarsophalange
of toes II to IV second dorsal al joints; resist
interossei also extension of
innervated by deep metatarsophalange
fibular nerve (S2, al joints and
S3) flexion of
interphalangeal
joints
Plantar interossei Medial sides of Extensor hoods Lateral plantar Adduction of toes
metatarsals of toes and bases of nerve from tibial III to V at
III to V proximal phalanges nerve (S2, S3) metatarsophalange
of toes III to V al joints; resist
extension of the
metatarsophalange
al joints and
flexion of the
interphalangeal
joints