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Unit 6

- Work is done when a force causes an object to move in the direction of the force. Work is a scalar quantity measured in joules. - There are different types of mechanical energy including kinetic energy and potential energy. Energy is also required to perform work in daily life like running water mills. - Efficiency is a ratio of the required useful output energy to the total input energy. Power is the rate at which work is done and is measured in watts.

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63 views

Unit 6

- Work is done when a force causes an object to move in the direction of the force. Work is a scalar quantity measured in joules. - There are different types of mechanical energy including kinetic energy and potential energy. Energy is also required to perform work in daily life like running water mills. - Efficiency is a ratio of the required useful output energy to the total input energy. Power is the rate at which work is done and is measured in watts.

Uploaded by

sadaf nasir
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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6.

2: Work is done when a force acting on a body displaces it in the direction of a force. Work is
a scalar quantity.
Unit of Work:
 SI unit of work is joule (J). It is defined as
“The amount of work is one joule when a force of one newton displaces a body through one
metre in the direction of the force.”
Thus                              1 J = 1 N x 1 m

6.3: Work is said to be done when a force acts on a body and moves it in the direction of the
force. Greater is the force acting on a body and longer is the distance moved by it, larger would
be the work done.

6.4: We need energy to do different types of work in our daily life. When we say that a body
has energy, we mean that it can do work, so it possesses energy.
Examples:

 The energy of running water can be used to run the water mills or water turbines.
 Energy is required to stop moving objects.

6.5: “A body possesses energy if it is capable to do work.”


Types of mechanical energy:
Mechanical energy possessed by a body is of two types: kinetic energy and potential energy.

6.8: Fossil fuels took millions of years for their information and once they are consumed, they
cannot be generated again so they are called non-renewable from of energy.

6.9: Solar energy is most preferable because it is very cheaper and does not cause any type of
pollution or any other environmental problem. Solar energy is the energy coming from the Sun
and is used directly and indirectly. We are dependent on the Sun for all our food and fuels.

6.11: (i) Electric motor


(ii) Vacuum cleaners
(iii) Electric fan
(iv) Electric spinner
(v) Washing machines

6.12: (i) Electric generator


(ii) Batteries
(iii) Wind power plant
(iv) Hydro-power
(v) Thermal power plant

6.13: “Efficiency of a system is the ratio of the required form of energy obtained from a system
as output to the total energy given to it as input.”
Required form of output
Efficiency =
Total input energy

6.14: It can be found by using following formula.


Required form of output
Efficiency =
Total input energy

6.15:  Power is defined as the ratio of doing work.


Work
Power =
Time
W
P=
t
Since work is a scalar quantity, therefore, power is also a scalar quantity.
SI unit of power is watt (W).

6.16: Unit of power:


SI unit of power is watt (W). It is defined as
Watt:
“The power of a body is one watt if it does work at the rate of 1 joule per second (1 Js -1)”

Numerical Problems:
6.1 Given Data:
Distance = S = 35 m
Force = F = 300 N
Required:
Work done = W =?
Solution:
W=FxS
W = 300 x 35
W = 10500 J
Result:
W = 10500
J
6.2 Given Data:
Weight of the block = w = 20 N
Height = h = 6 m

Required:
Potential energy = P. E=?

Solution:
P.E = mgh
We know that
w = mg
P.E = (mg) x h
P.E = (2 x 10) x 6
P.E = 120 J

Result:
P.E = 120 J

6.3 Given Data:


Weight of the car = w = 12kN = 12 x 1000 N = 12000 N
Speed of the car = v= 20 ms-1

Required:
Kinetic energy = K.E=?

Solution:
1
K.E = m v 2……… (i)
2
w = mg
w
m=
g
12000
= 10 = 1200

Put this value in eq. (i)


1
K.E = (1200) ( 20 )2
2
1
= (1200)( 400)
2
K.E = 240 × 103 J
= 240 kJ

Result:
K.E =240 kJ

6.4 Given Data:


500
m = 500g = 1000 = 0.5kg

v = 15ms-1
Required:
K.E =?
P.E =?
Solution:
1
K.E = m v2
2
1
= 2 (0.5) ¿

= 0.25 × 225
= 56.25 J
Because energy is converted into one from to another but the total energy remains same.
K.E= P.E
So P.E = 56.25 J

Result:
K.E = 56.25 J
P.E = 56.25 J

6.5 Given Data:


h = 6m
v = 1.5ms-1
m = 40kg
Required:
K.E =?
P.E =?
Solution:
1
K.E = m v2
2
1
= 2 ( 40)¿

= 20 ×2.25
= 45 J
P.E = mgh
= 40 × 10 × 6
= 2400 J

Result:
K.E = 45 J
P.E = 2400 J
6.6 Given Data:
v = 4ms-1=
F = 4000N
Required:
P =?
Solution:
W
P = t ∴ W =F × S

F ×S S
P= ∴ v=
t t

P=F×v
= 4000 × 4
= 16000
= 16 × 103
= 16 kW
Result:
P = 16 kW

6.7 Given Data:


F = 300N
S = 50m
t = 60s
Required:
P =?
Solution:
W
P = t ∴ W =F × S
F ×S
P=
t
300× 50
= 60

= 250W
Result :
P = 250W

6.8 Given Data


m = 50kg
t = 20s
16
Height of each step = 16cm = 100

= 0.16m
No. of steps = 25
Total height = h = 0.16 × 25 = 4m
Required:
P =?
Solution:
W
P= t

∴ W =F × S , F=w=mg

S=h
mgh
P= t

50× 10× 4
= 20

= 100W
Result:
P = 100W
6.9 Given Data:
m = 200kg
h = 6m
t = 10s
Required:
P =?
Solution:
W
P= t

∴ W =F × S , F=w=mg

S=h
mgh
P= t

200× 10 ×6
= 10

= 1200W
Result:
P = 1200W

6.10 Given Data:


v = 800 litres
t = 10 min
= 10 × 60 = 600s
P = 1hp
1hp= 746 W
P = 746 W
h = 15m
Required:
W =? , Efficiency =?
Solution:
W
P= t

W=P×t
= 746 × 600
= 4477600 J
Since the work done by the electric pump to fill the tank is 447600 J. It is equal to the input.
Output of the system is equal to the gravitational potential energy of water stored in the tank.
Hence input = actual work done = W = 447600 J
Output = P.E = mgh
Since 1 litre = 1kg
Therefore
800 litres = 800 kg
Output = P.E = 800 x 10 x15 = 120000 J
Output
% Efficiency = × 100
Input
120000
= × 100
447600
= 26.8 %

Result:
W= 4477600 J
% Efficiency = 26.8 %

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