S

UST
AINABL
EBUI
LDI
NG DES
IGN
ARC3333
 TABEL OF CONTENT
INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
TABLE OF CONTENT - Daylight Glare Control

- Thermal Comfort

- Low VOC & Non-Toxic Materials

DECLARATION
- Internal Air Quality Mainted

INDIVIDUAL PARTICIPATION CHART

SUSTAINABLE SITE PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT

- Landscaping

AIM & OBJECTIVE - Reuse and Recycling

- Priority Parking

ENERGY EFFICIENCY
MATERIAL AND RESOURCES
- Form of Building
- Recycled Content Materials
- Roof
- Regional Materials
- Photovoltic Panel
- Drip Irrigation for Lnadscaping
- Sunken Garden
WATER EFFICIENCY
- Building Orintation
- Rain Water Harvesting
- Skylight
- Efficient Water Fittings
- Natural Daylight
- Grey Water Harvesting
- Facade Daylight

- Jetfans
INNOVATION

- Heat Pipe Technology

- Thermal Mass Storage

- Advanced Air Filtration

- On-Site Composting
 DECLARATION
EDITORS
ABEGAIL BAUTISTA . HANEEN MOHAMED . SYED MUHAMMAD HAZIQ

GROUP MEMBERS
ABEGAIL BAUTISTA . ADAM MUSAVVIR . HANEEN MOHAMED .
LUSI KATARINA . MAAZIN MOOSA . SYED MUHAMMAD HAZIQ .
YOUNUS MAYSAM . AHMED ABDULFATEL . OMAR
 PARTICIPATION CHART
Abegail Bautista Adam Musavvir Haneen Mohamed

Attentivesness Attentivesness Attentivesness

Communication Communication Communication

Cooperation Cooperation Cooperation

INDIVIDUAL
0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5

Water Efficiency Material & Resources Water Efficiency

Lusi Katarina Maazin Moosa Syed Muhammad Haziq

Attentivesness Attentivesness Attentivesness

Communication Communication Communication

Cooperation Cooperation Cooperation

0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5

Indoor Environmental Quality Sustainable Site Planning & Managment Innovation

Younus Maysam Ahmed Abduljafar Omar

Attentivesness Attentivesness Attentivesness

Communication
Communication Communication

Cooperation

Cooperation Cooperation
0 1 2 3 4 5

Energy Efficiency 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5
 AI
MS OBJ
ECTI
VES

Todeter
minewh ythedia
mondbuil
dingwasa bl
eto Ana
lyz
ethedi
amondbui
ldi
nga
ppr
oac
htowi
nGBIa
war
dst
hroughe
val
uat
ingt
hef
oll
owi
ngc
rit
eri
a:
achi
evepla
ti
nu mawa r
dfort
heGBIr at
iont
oolin
Malays
ia,t
hroughapplyi
ngourunde
rst
andi
ngbased 1.Ene
rgye
ffi
ci
enc
y
onthesi
tevis
itandonli
nere
sear
chonthebuil
ding
2.I
ndoore
nvi
ronme
nta
lqua
li
ty
ToAp plyourunde
rst
andi
ngoftheke
yc onc
epts
,
is
suesandprinc
ipl
esofsus
tai
nabl
earc
hit
ectur
ein 3.Sus
tai
nabl
esi
tepl
anni
nga
ndma
nage
ment
bui
ldingdes
ign.
4.Ma
ter
iala
ndr
esour
ces
Tobea
bletode
scri
bet
heindi
cat
orsandr
ati
ngsys-
te
msre
lat
edtogre
enbui
ldi
ngeval
u a
ti
onproc
ess
. 5.
Wat
ere
ffi
ci
enc
y

6.I
nnova
ti
on

Tobea
blet
oexpl
oret
hepr
act
ic
ala
spe
ctofbui
ldi
ngs
ervi
cesi
nte
rmofpl
anni
nga
ndi
nst
al
la
ti
on.
 ENERGY EFFICIENCY
CONTENT

Form of Building
Roof
Photovoltic Panel
Sunken Garden
Building Orintation
Skylight
Natural Daylight
Facade Daylight
Jetfans

1
 ENERGYEFFI
CIENCY

Sust
ainabl
e Bui
ldi
ng Desi
gn

StDiamondBu il
dingTh epassi
ved e
sign,e
nergyeff
ici
entst
ruc
tureisde-
si
gnedtousemo st
lyn at
uralli
ghtandtoconsumeaboutone.Thi
rdo fene
rgy
oft
hea mountofconv ent
ionbuil
dingofit
ssize
.Thediamondbuil
d i
ngis
tar
getedt
or e
du c
eth eenergyusageby6 5% wi
thab ui
ldi
ngenergyinde
xo f
85kw-h ourpersquaremeterperyearat2800hourusage
.

Figur
e1.
1
85kWh/m2/ye
ar

Thea
ver
agebui
ldi
ngi
ndexofanor
malof
fic
ebui
ldi
ngi
nMa
lays
ia
is210kWh/
m2/ye
ar

Figur
e1.
2
210kWh/m2/ye
ar
 ENERGYEFFI
CIENCY:FORM OFTHEBUI
LDI
NG

1. FORM OF THE BUILDING

•Til
ti
ngfacadeForthelowerfl
oors
,thet
il
ti
ngfa
çade(
fac
eofthebuil
ding)al
lowssel
fshadi
ng,
pr
otec
ti
onfromd ir
ectsunra
y si
ntothebui
ldi
nga
ndasmall
erc
on s
truc
ti
onf oot
pri
nt,r
esul
ti
ngina
l
arge
rlands
capingarea
.

•TheDi
amondf
ormwi
tht
heTi
lt
ingFa
cadet
oavoi
dsdi
rec
tsun-
raysi
ntot
hebui
ldi
ng.

•Ti
lt
ingFa
cader
esul
tsi
nsma
ll
erbui
ldi
ngf
oot
pri
ntwhi
cha
ll
owsf
ormor
ear
eaf
orl
ands
cape
.

•TheSur
roundi
ngl
ands
caper
educ
eshe
atga
ini
ntot
hebui
ldi
ng.

•Thebui
ldi
ngr
ece
ive
s50%oft
heda
yli
ghtna
tur
all
y.

•Thefaca
ded a
yli
ghti
ngsys
temfea
tur
esami
rr
orl
ights
hel
fandawhi
tepa
int
edwi
ndows
il
l
de
fle
cti
ngd a
yli
ghtonthewhi
te.

•Lightshe
lfi
supt
o5me
ter
sfr
omt
hef
aça
de,wi
th2a
ddi
ti
ona
lme
ter
soft
hes
pac
efe
atur
ingt
he
cor
ri
do r
.

•Thetops
idef
eatur
esfi
xedwh i
tel
ouve
rst
hatha
veat
ops
urf
acemi
rr
orf
ini
shi
ngmount
edwi
tha
30°a
nglef
orgl
areprot
ect
ion.

•Nos
uspe
nde
dce
il
ingf
orgr
eat
erda
yli
ghtt
hrowsi
nsi
det
her
ooms
.

•Th eins
ulat
edconcre
teroofhe
lpst
oreduceheatf
romthesunf
roma bs
orbi
ngint
otheb ui
ldi
ng
t
hroughtheroof
.Usi
ngb oa
rdswit
hathic
kn e
ssof100mm, t
herooft
opregi
onisinsul
at
e dt
o
mini
miseheatabsor
pti
oninthehous
e.Bothhor
izont
al
lyandver
ti
cal
ly,t
heconcr
eteroofis
de
eplyinsul
at
ed.

Fi
gure1.
4
Ti
tl
ingf
aca
det
oavoi
ddir
ects
un-
raysi
ntot
he

Fi
gure1.
3
Ti
tl
ingf
aca
de
 ENERGYEFFI
CIENCY:ROOF

2.INSULATED CONCRETE ROOF 3.PHOTOVOLTIC PANELS

•Th ei
nsul
ate
dconc
ret
eroofhe
lpst
ore
duc
ehe
atf
romt
hes
unf
roma
bsor
bin
gint
othe
bui
ldi
ngthr
ought
heroof
.

Usi
ngboar
dswi t
hat hi
ckne
ssof100mm, t
herooft
opregi
onisins
ula
tedtomi ni
miz
e
he
atabs
orpt
ioninthehous
e.Bothhor
izont
al
lya
ndv er
ti
cal
ly,
theconcr
eteroofi
s
de
eplyi
nsul
ated.

•Thebui
ldi
ngisequi
ppedwi
thphot
ovol
ta
ic(PV)st
ylet
hinfil
mte
ll
uri
demodul
e
pa
nel
swithatot
ali
nsta
ll
edca
pac
ityof71,
4kWp ,
fedindi
rec
tl
ytot
henat
iona
lgr
id.

Thi
stot
alpr
oduce
dc apaci
tyisest
imate
dtocov e
ra ppr
oxi
ma te
ly10p e
rcentoft
he
ene
rgynee
dsofthehouse.I
ng ener
al,
theproj
ectedgener
ate
de le
ctr
ici
tyi
s1 02,
000
kWhp e
ryear
,equi
v a
lentt
oan nua
lcostsa
vingsofRM4 0,000ortheavoi
danceof
63,
000kgofannualcar
bondioxi
de(CO2)e miss
ions.

Fi
gur
e1 .
5
Thi
nfil
msola
rpane
ls

Fi
gure1.
6
PVCphot
ovol
ta
ic
 ENERGYEFFI
CIENCY:SUNKENGARDEN

4.
SUNKEN GARDEN

•Fromthegroundf
loor,t
hesunke
ng a
rdenareasi
n ksint
othebasementthats
urroundst
he
hous
e.Thi
sact
sasav ac
uumo fspac
ethatprovi
desna t
ura
lventi
lat
ionatthebase
me ntle
velt
o
t
heparki
ngar
ea.Itnotonl
yprovi
desvent
il
ati
onb utals
op r
ovide
se noughsunl
ightt
op ass
t
hroughanda
voidanyglazi
ngduetogarde
nfolia
gea ndanydire
ctsunli
g ht
.

Figure1.
7
Sunke
nGarden
 ENERGYEFFI
CIENCY:BUI
LDI
NGORI
ENTATI
ON

5.BUILDING ORIENTATION

•Ino r
dert
oreducethea r
easa ff
ect
edb ydir
ectsunli
gh t
,theconst
ruct
ionofthe
bui
ldi
ngoft
entookintoaccoun tt
heriseandset
tingofthes un.Theconst
ruc
ti
ono fthe
bui
ldi
nghastake
ni nt
oa ccounttheri
si
n gandthesett
ingo ft
hes un,t
ominimizethe
a
reaofimpact
edb ydirec
tsunlight.
Thes un'
sori
en t
at
ionisitrise
sfromtheeastand
s
etsatt
hewe s
t,whereasfromt hi
sthefourfac
eso fthebuildi
nga r
efaci
ngnort
h ,
we st
,
e
ast,s
outh.
Thisma kesthesunc omeb ythesi
deso ft
h ebuil
dingandg e
tt
ingma xi
mu m
s
unli
ghtfac
ingthefacesoftheb ui
ldi
ng.

Fi
gur
e1 .
8
Bui
ldi
ngor
ient
at
ion
 ENERGYEFFI
CIENCY:SKYLI
GHT

6.SKYLIGHT THROUGH ROOF

•IntheDi amondb ui
ldi
ng ,t
h er
ea r
es kyl
ightsoutsi
dethetheat
reinthegener
alseat
ingsect
ion.
Thelightontheroofgivesen oughli
ghttoilluminatet
hes e
ati
nga r
ea.
Itwass ee
nt ohaveane njoyabledayli
ghtsetti
ng.
Skyli
ghtsareholescutacrossab ui
ldi
ng '
sroof.
Althoughskyli
ghtspr
o vi
d eex c
ell
entdayli
gh tle
ve l
swh i
ledir
ectl
yo ver
head,i
tisdif
fi
cul
tto
cont
rolthedirec
tsola
rrad i
ationfromthes unifit
'snotcare
full
yd i
ffus
ed.
InDiamo ndb ui
ldi
ng,ther
ea reskyli
ghtsatthec ommo nseat
ingareaouts
idethethe
atr
e.
Therooflightbri
ngsinsuffi
cientl
ighttoil
luminatetheseat
ingarea.I
twa sse
entop r
ovidea
ple
asantdayli
ghtenvironmen tasshown.

LoungeareaonLe
vel7
be
lowt heRoofLi
ghtTr
ough

I
ndi
rec
tdayl
ightdr
awni
ntot
heRoofLi
ghtTr
ough
t
othespa
cebel
o w.
RoofLi
ghtThr
oughI
ndi
rec
t
 ENERGYEFFI
CIENCY:DAYLI
GHT

7.NATURAL DAYLIGHTING

•Atr
iumBlind-
gla
rec
ont
rolThea
tri
umbl
indma
ximi
sest
heus
eof •Thesi
z eofthewindowbe
come
sla
rge
randde
epe
rint
hea
tri
umwhe
nth
e
da
yli
ght
ing
. Dayl
ightisdi
minis
hed.

•Inmu lt
i-
stor
yb ui
ldi
ngs,at
ri
umi susedtoopeni
ttotheskyarekeyar
eas
. •Thesi
zeoft
hewindowsbe
come
sla
rge
raswegode
epe
rint
othea
tri
um
Thecentr
alatr
iumintheDiamo ndBu i
ldi
ngenabl
esthebui
ldi
ngtoo pt
imi
se f
orl
o we
rdayl
ightl
eve
ls.
da
y l
ightandpenet
rat
ed e
eperint
ot h
eb ui
ldi
ng.
Atr
iumd ayli
ghti
ngisbuil
tthr
oughtheimp l
ement
ati
ono ft
hre
ek e
y •Ont heuppera
ndl owerfl
oors,aba
ndo fTa
nnenba
umr ef
lec
torpane
lsi
s
st
rate
giestoma xi
misedayli
ghtf
o reac
hfloor. use
dtor e
fle
ctsunl
ightfr
omt hetopt
othelowerl
evel
s.I
trefl
ect
sina
se
mi-defus
edwa y,whic
he ns
urestha
tthebui
ldi
ngoccupa
ntsesca
pethe
•Aut
oma
tedbl
indst
ocons
erves
uit
abl
eda
yli
ghta
tal
lti
mes over
tvisua
lglar
e.

Figur
e1 .
10
Da
yli
ghtf
roma
tri
umr e
fle
cte
dtol
owe
rle
vel
s

Figur
e1.12 Figur
e1.
11
Ta
nne
nba
umr
efl
ect
orpa
nel
sre
fle
ctthes
unli
ghtf
romt
opt
othel
owe
rle
vel
s Sh
o wi
nghowt
heda
yli
ghti
sac
hie
vedus
ingt
hea
tri
um
 ENERGYEFFI
CIENCY:DAYLI
GHT

8.FACADE DAYLIGHTING

Figure1.13
Sh
o wi
ngtheint
erna
lref
lec
ti
on
a)I
nte
rnall
ights
hel
f: ofdayl
ighti
ntothespace

I
nte
rnall
ightshe
lveshe
lpreduc
ethel
ightle
v e
lnearthef
a ç
adeto
r
educethecont
ras
tofil
lumi
nati
onint
her oomwh il
eatthesame
t
imeprovidi
nggreat
ers
unli
ghtint
herooma sshowninthep i
ct
ure

Figure1.
14
b)Ext
ernall
ights
hel
f: Showi
ngtheinte
rna
lre
fle
cti
onof
da
yli
ghtintot
hespac
e
Exte
rnalli
ghtshe
lve
shavet
hebenefi
tofget
ti
ngmo res
unli
ghtf
rom
out
sidethebui
ldi
ngandr
efl
ect
ingi
td e
eperint
othenec
essa
ryspa
ce.
Ita
lsoh e
lpsr
educet
hele
velofl
ightnea
rthefaça
detomini
mizethe
cont
rastofbr
ight
nes
sint
hespac
eass howninfi
gurebe
low.

Figure1.15
Sh
o wi
n gt
hed a
y l
ightha
rves
ting
usi
ngthehori
zontalbl
inds
c
)Fi
xedhor
izont
albl
indsf
orgl
arec
ont
rol
:

Dayli
gh tforbuil
dingo c
cupant
swi t
h outglar
eisthema i
n
conc
epto fe xt
rac
tingsunli
ghtfr
o mth efaçadeoftheDiamond
Buil
ding .
Th ebestwa ytodothisi
nat ypi
calbuil
dingstyl
eisbyusi
ng
hor
izontalbli
nds.Suchb li
ndscanb eang l
edsot he
yb l
ockthegla
reof
t
heo cc
u pants,al
lowingsunli
ghttob edrawni nt
otheb ui
ldi
ng.For
furt
herd ayli
ghtdist
ribut
ion,t
heh or
izon t
albli
ndswillal
soh e
lpre
fle
ct
sunl
ightmo rethr
o ughthebuil
dingtot hecei
lingasshowninthefi
gure.
 ENERGYEFFI
CIENCY:J
ETF
ANS

9.JET FANS FOR CAR PARK TECHNOLOGY

•Oneoftheener
gy-ef
fi
ci
entpar
kin
gd eve
lopmentsi
stherepl
aceme
ntofatr
adi
ti
ona
lduct
edsuppl
yande
xhaustfa
nsyste
m
wi
thje
tfans.
Toe ns
uretha
tthej
etfa
nswo r
ko nl
ywh enthecar
bonmonoxi
dele
velr
eac
hes25part
spe
rmill
ion,c
arbon
monoxi
desensor
saremounte
d.Asshowninfigur
ebelow.

•Toreduc
etheope
rat
iona
lti
meo ft
hej
etfannat
ura
lvent
il
at
ionope
ningsa
rei
ntr
oduce
dtotheca
rpar
kingonea
chs
ideoft
he
bui
ldi
ngincl
udi
ngasunke
ngarde
ninbase
me nt
.Thi
sisl
inki
ngdi
rect
lyt
otheca
rpar
k.Asshowninf
igur
ebel
ow.

Fi
gure1.
15
Sh
owi
ngNa
tur
alVent
il
at
ionf
orc
arpa
rki
ng
 INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL
CONTENT

QUALITY
Daylight Glare Control
Thermal Comfort
Low VOC & Non-Toxic Materials
- Internal Air Quality Mainted

2
 INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY : DAYLIGHT GLARE CONTROL

I N D O O R E N V I R O N M E N TA L Q U A L I T Y
Dayligh GlareControl

The Diamond Building uses a lot of energy efficient strategies

that doesn’t harm the environment, saves energy as much as
possible and provides comfort for the end users inside the
building. In this case, the indoor environmental quality will be
discussed in four main categories to conclude how they
achieved a desirable and good quality.

The first approach is the control of daylight glare On the other hand, the users are able to receive
control, where natural light is mostly utilised com- diffused lighting from the large windows. Having
pared to artificial light and panels are included. In big openings permits a bigger area to be exposed,
the centre of the building is an exposed atrium in this case, the light can spread to a wide exposure,
made out of glass, allowing the natural light to fully lighting up the spaces.
light up all levels. Moreover, the atrium has
automatic six configurations that allows the surface These large sized windows are utilised in every
to either be concealed or not, depending on the level, although varying in sizes as the floors go
state of the weather. The system diffuses the down. Furthermore, floor 4 and 5 are specialised
incoming light and prevents glare as much as it can with the use of Tannenbaum reflector panels. These
away from the work spaces. With this method, it panels reflect the incoming light at an inclined
also averts excess heat from entering the building. angle of 10ᵒ, especially where most of the employ-
Therefore, the users won’t feel the need to increase ees in the building are. Moreover, the panels induce
the use of air conditioning all the time during office the light to scatter instead of in one direction and
hours and will only need to rely on the sensors reduces the visual glare. The users won’t have any
integrated on the ceilings. issues when working on their screen. 12
 INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY : THERMAL COMFORT

I N D O O R E N V I R O N M E N TA L Q U A L I T Y
Thermal Comfort

Furthermore, as the building occupies less footprint, there is a

greenery landscape surrounding the building. The use of these
green landscapes reduces the heat of the incoming rays being
reflected to the aerodynamic façade of the building, offering a
cooler alternative and a good thermal comfort.

The other method of providing comfort is that the building utilis-

es a radiant cooling slab instead of an air conditioner for thermal
comfort. The way that the slab works is in the Diamond Building
is that they’re embedded in every floor and roof. These radiant
cooling system falls down to two process. The first method is that
the pipes are recharged by cooling for a specific duration over-
night, whereas on the other hand the other method operates
during the day through heat transfer. For both of the stages, the
chilled water pipes are mainly concealed in the reinforced
concreate slabs.

The pipes are made out of reinforced thermal polyethylene.

During the process, these pipes are cooled overnight at 19°C. On
the other hand, the concrete slabs functions as a thermal storage,
where they retain the cold temperature and charges them every
Relative to the large windows are the use of low Moreover, fixed blinds are aid in preventing glare night. When morning arrives, the system switches off, allowing
reflective e-glass on the façade. This approach from entering. Moving on to the next point is the the coolness to be distributed onto the floor slab, thereby also
provides a thermal comfort for the users. These application of white roofs and walls as well as a absorbing heat from the occupants, office equipment, etc. The
types can reduce harmful infrared and ultraviolet light trough. In the case of artificial lighting, the users in the area will feel content and focused with their work
lights, as they contribute to thermal radiant. They building has narrowed down to the application of without any distractions.
minimise the harmful lights and absorb natural LED bulbs, fluorescent bulbs and tubes. These
light in the process. In between the panels is a types of bulbs reduce the excessive use of energy
microscopically thin and transparent coating that and doesn’t create uneasiness to the users, espe-
helps to reflect the unwanted heat. The users cially the old types that release heat, such as
won’t feel discomfort and can work peacefully. incandescent lights. Having bulbs that don’t emit
Furthermore, within their offices, there are mirror excessive heat won’t induce the users to increase
light shelves and fixed blinds that cater to the the temperature or speed of the air conditioners.
comfort and indoor quality of the spaces. These
mirror lights and the window sill redirects and
diffuses the incoming light within the offices and
spaces inside. The way these shelves work distrib-
13
utes the light like a spectrum from the ceiling to
the surroundings.
 INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY : LOW VOC & NONTOXIC MATERIALS

I N D O O R E N V I R O N M E N TA L Q U A L I T Y
L o w V O C a n d N o n - To x i c M a t e r i a l s

The building incorporates sustainable and non-toxic materials, of

which includes recycled contents and low VOC materials for the
carpets and plasterboards. Within the office spaces, the suspend-
ed ceilings are discarded, allowing the penetration of natural
daylight. Using low VOC materials achieves the satisfaction of
providing the quality of the indoor air, especially with odour
issues.

14
 INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY : INTERNAL AIR QUALITY

I N D O O R E N V I R O N M E N TA L Q U A L I T Y
Internal Air Quality Maintained

To begin with, having a sufficient amount of clean air that

doesn’t cause disturbance to the occupants, including odour
issues is significant. The thermal comfort provided for the air
quality depends on the use of the CO2 sensors. These sensors
regulate the conditions and demands of the VAV (variable air
volume) system. The system adjusts its temperature according
to the well-being of the users. It is claimed that the measure-
ment of the CO2 that was documented in different levels of the

15
 SUSTAINABLE SITE PLANNING
AND MANAGEMENT
CONTENT

Landscaping
Reuse and Recycling
Priority Parking

3
 SUSTAI
NABLESI
TEPLANNI
NG&MANAGEMENT

SUSTAINABLE SITE PLANNING & MANAGEMENT

 MATERIAL AND RESOURCES
CONTENT
Recycled Content Materials

Regional Materials

Drip Irrigation for Lnadscaping

4
 MATERI
ALSANDRESOURCES

MATERIALS AND RESOURCES

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 MATERI
ALSANDRESOURCES

MATERIALS AND RESOURCES

 MATERI
ALSANDRESOURCES

MATERIALS AND RESOURCES

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 WATER EFFICIENCY
CONTENT

Rain Water Harvesting

Efficient Water Fittings
Grey Water Harvesting

5
 WATER EFFICIENCY : WATER HARVESTING

R A I N WAT E R H A R V E S T I N G

Components of Rainwater harvesting system

Rainwater harvesting system comprises components of various

stages - transporting rainwater through pipes or drains, filtration,
and storage in tanks for reuse or recharge. The common
components of a rainwater harvesting system are:

Catchments
A water harvesting system's catchment is the surface that
collects the rainfall directly and supplies the system with water.
That may be a paved area like a building's terrace or garden, or
an unpaved area such as a lawn or open land. For Rainwater
harvesting, the roof may made of reinforced cement concrete
(RCC), galvanised iron or corrugated sheets.

Coarse mesh
Is the mesh installed at the inlet point to prevent the passage of
debris, dried leaves etc.

Gutters
Channels, located all along the side of a sloping roof, to catch
and transport rainwater to the storage tank. They may be
rectangular or semi-circular.

Conduits or Piping systems

Are pipes or drains that bring rainwater to the harvesting system
from the catchment or rooftop area. Conduits may be made of
any material that is widely available, such as polyvinyl chloride
(PVC) or galvanised iron (GI).

First-flushing
Refers to the filter devices installed to remove suspected
pollutants entering the storage devices
The rainwater harvesting system, also known as the system for collecting rainwater or the system for
rainwater catchment, collects ad retains rainwater for human use. Rainwater harvesting systems vary
Storage devices
from small rain barrels with pumps, tanks, and purification systems to more complex facilities. Refers to the sump or storage equipment where rainwater
Non-potable water can be used to irrigate landscapes, flush toilets, wash equipment, or wash clothing, accumulation can be collected for later use
and can also be purified for human use.

23
 WATER EFFICIENCY : WATER HARVESTING

D I A M O N D B U I L D I N G R A I N WAT E R
HARVESTING SYSTEM

The stainless-steel gutter where the rainwater is harvested.

Placed at the dome.

There are three ways to harvest rain water which are, rooftops, land surface runoffs and rock
catchment. The Diamond building uses rooftop to access the rainwater easily and doesn’t require such
equipment like pump to direct the water towards the tank instead it uses gravitational force as the rain
water would move downwards to the tank, which would also save electricity to power a pump.

24
 WATER EFFICIENCY : WATER HARVESTING

GUTTER STORAGE TANKS

The process goes as rainwater falls onto a stain-

less-steel gutter built around the Diamond Building
dome which then takes it to a storage tank on the
rooftop. It goes through a series of process which
are which are done in the filtration tank and finally The rainwater after passing through all the process
to the sanitary tank for storage and usage. will be stored in the rainwater harvesting tanks
until further usage. The process of rainwater
harvesting has many uses and advantages as listed
Rainwater harvested is used for toilet flushing, below:
combined with efficient water fittings such as dual Rainwater for toilet flushing & irrigation
flush toilets, waterless urinals and water taps Rainwater Storage Capacity: 2400 gal
equipped with aerators. The rainwater’s storage Water Saved: 35.2%
capacity is 2400 gallons and it saves up to 65% of Water Saved: 818 m3/year
water usage with an amount of 818 m3/year.

The rainwater down pipe

that is going to the
Gutters which are: rainwater harvesting tank.
Channels, located all along the side of a sloping
roof, to catch and transport rainwater to the storage
tank.
They may be rectangular or semi-circular.

CONDUITS OR PIPING SYSTEMS

Some advantages to the usage of rooftop rainwater

harvesting are, it provides a self sufficient water
supply, reduce the cost for pumping water from the
ground, it provides high quality water which are
soft and has low minerals, it improves the quality
of ground water through dilution when recharged,
it also reduces soil erosion and flooding in urban
areas.

Gutters are connected to a rainwater downpipe

which is positioned downwards that means it will
The rainwater harvesting system, also known as the system for collecting rainwater
flowordown
the system for
with gravity so no use for pumps or
rainwater catchment, collects ad retains rainwater for human use. Rainwater harvesting systems vary
anything. Then this rainwater downpipe goes to the
from small rain barrels with pumps, tanks, and purification systems to morerainwater
complex facilities.
harvesting tanks. And the collected water The rainwater harvesting
tanks where the rainwater is
Non-potable water can be used to irrigate landscapes, flush toilets, wash equipment,
will or wash
later clothing,
be used for irrigation and toilet flushing stored for later uses.
and can also be purified for human use. system.

Closer view of the stainless-steel gutter. Closer view of the storage tank.

25
 WATER EFFICIENCY : EFFICIENT WATER FITTINGS

E F F I C I E N T WAT E R F I T T I N G S

Reasons why water efficient appliances are important

To ensure sustainability of fresh water resource

Redusing usage of energy needed for water pumping, delivery

and wastewater treatment

Lessen water consumption to preserve freshwater habitats for

local wildlife

To develop water saving measures, the Diamond Building had utilized efficient water fittings
inside the structure. These incorporate double flush latrine frameworks, waterless
urinals and water taps with aerators for conservative water flow.

26
 WATER EFFICIENCY : EFFICIENT WATER FITTINGS

E F F I C I E N T WAT E R F I T T I N G
Tw o - p i e c e w a l l h u n g w a t e r c l o s e t
(Dual flush system)

The stainless-steel gutter where the rainwater is harvested.

Placed at the dome.

The first fitting is the dual flush system water closet that offers two buttons to flush different amounts
of water. The cistern (upper part of the toilet, which acts as the storage tank) has two buttons; one
releases a small quantity (3 Litres) of water, whereas the other button flushes 6 Litres. The purpose for
having varied liquid volumes is the waste type - liquid waste is flushed by the small quantity, whereas
solid waste is flushed by the larger quantity. The mechanism functions differently to siphon water
closets, which relies on gravity to remove waste. As the dual flush system lacks siphoning, less volume
of water is required to operate and are considered adequate with water usage. This means that ener-
gy-efficient toilets increase water speed when flushing and uses only 1.28 GPF (gallons per flush)
compared to older low-flow toilets that has only one flush feature, this results in high volume of water
being wasted as it can use between 1.6 GPF and 7GPF.
27
 WATER EFFICIENCY : EFFICIENT WATER FITTINGS

E F F I C I E N T WAT E R F I T T I N G S
Faucet Aerators

The other benefits of using faucet aerators compared to

standard types is that it prevents splashing onto counter
surfaces. In addition, faucet noise is reduced due to the light
volume of water being projected out

Tap aerators are also used in the building. This extension uses air pressure to evenly distribute the
water. This reduces extra water usage, minimising energy costs and conserves water. These water-sav-
ing devices can control the amount of water flowing through the tap without increasing the water
pressure by mixing the fluid with the air. The aerator functions as a sieve, splitting a single flow of
water into many tiny streams that carry the air into the flow of water. The water flow is also reduced as
there is less room for the water to flow through, resulting in water savings. As the water pressure is
controlled, many people do not notice the difference in the amount of water coming from an aerated
faucet.

28
 WATER EFFICIENCY : EFFICIENT WATER FITTINGS

E F F I C I E N T WAT E R F I T T I N G
Wa t e r l e s s U r i n a l s

The stainless-steel gutter where the rainwater is harvested.

Placed at the dome.

The first fitting is the dual flush system water closet that offers two buttons to flush different amounts
of water. The cistern (upper part of the toilet, which acts as the storage tank) has two buttons; one
releases a small quantity (3 Litres) of water, whereas the other button flushes 6 Litres. The purpose for
having varied liquid volumes is the waste type - liquid waste is flushed by the small quantity, whereas
solid waste is flushed by the larger quantity. The mechanism functions differently to siphon water
closets, which relies on gravity to remove waste. As the dual flush system lacks siphoning, less volume
of water is required to operate and are considered adequate with water usage. This means that ener-
gy-efficient toilets increase water speed when flushing and uses only 1.28 GPF (gallons per flush)
compared to older low-flow toilets that has only one flush feature, this results in high volume of water
being wasted as it can use between 1.6 GPF and 7GPF.
29
 WATER EFFICIENCY : GREY WATER HARVESTING

G R E Y WAT E R H A R V E S T I N G

The Diamond Building applies this system by using the grey

water from toilet wash bowls and floor traps is gathered and
released to irrigate the wetland area. The grey water from the
building is used to irrigate the green area on the ground floor.

WETLAND

Grey water is wastewater that is collected from washing dishes, laundry and bathing. However, grey
water is not black water. Compared to grey water, black water is contaminated and consist of toxic
chemicals. This means, grey water is not waste water from the toilet. Although it is not contaminated
with faeces, grey water will still cause health risk if used as clean water. Grey water is needed to be
treated before being used. Generally, grey water is used for irrigation. It brings an amount of
advantages as it is economical. This method and system are not used widely in Malaysia however,
sustainable buildings are slowly working their way to use this system.

30
 CONTENT

INNOVATION
Heat Pipe Technology
Thermal Mass Storage
Advanced Air Filtration
On-site composting

6
 INNOVATION : HEAT PIPE TECHNOLOGY

I N N O VA T I O N
H e a t P i p e Te c h n o l o g y

Heat pipe is a device that is a very effective thermal conductor.

It is a vacuum tight coil with a working fluid in it. It is used to
transfer heat form one place to another and it is commonly found
in air conditioning system
Heat pipes are in the Diamond Building is found the air handling
unit.
They are also used as energy recovery for the air handling unit
as it uses no power.

The main purpose of the heat pipe technology is

to control the humidity levels without any energy
penalties.

32
 INNOVATION : THERMAL MASS STORAGE

I N N O VA T I O N
Thermal Mass Storage

The thermal mass storage relates with the floor radiant cooling
system in the floor slabs.
In the Diamond Building, during the night time, the floor and
roof “recharges” and the temperature decrease to 18 - 20◦c.
During daytime, the warmer air that passes through the colder
surfaces will reduce the heat in the enclosed area.

Thermal mass storage is the capability of absorbing heat or

releasing heat energy. A high amount of energy is needed to do
such activity especially with material like concrete which the
diamond building is using.

33
 INNOVATION : ADVANCED AIR FILTRATION

I N N O VA T I O N
Advanced Air Filtration

Electrostatic precipitator works whereby it filters fine particles

like dust and smoke. The particles pass through a negatively
charged rod and get attracted to the positively charged metal
plates. This will leave the air passing though particle free.
This is to ensure cleaner air within the Diamond Building and
avoid all the unwanted air pollution from the environment as
Putrajaya is a busy state, it is also installed to avoid the
unwanted particles during Indonesia’s open burning that blows
the haze in the area.

The advanced air filtration used in the

Diamond Building is known as electrostatic precipitator.

34
 INNOVATION : ON-SITE COMPOSTING

I N N O VA T I O N
On-Site Composting

Although this process does not relate to energy or water saving

The Diamond Building tackles this process as an innovation and
uses it as one of its sustainable features.
The Diamond Building uses landscaping and food waste to use
as fertilisers for the landscape.
This strategy helps to reduce fertilising cost and recycle the
recourses than flushing out and increasing the waste stream.

Composting is a process whereby organic waste is placed in

a mixer or to be left with worms and insect that biodegrade
organic waste to turn into fertilisers

35
The Diamond Building in Putrajaya, Malaysia is proven to be the most Relative to this design is the use of reflective panels to redirect the incoming light
sustainable building in terms of maximising the climatic response as from the top floor to the lower levels. Consequently, having a garden on the roof-

CONCLUSION
much as possible. It also provides alternatives of cutting down top aids in the cooling of the open space, whereas the slope of the roof is fixed
financial costs and reduces the demands of burning non-renewable with photovoltaic panels, playing a huge role in reducing energy consumption
resources. It covers the aspects of energy efficiency, water efficiency, mainly sourced from the sun. The facade is tilted at a 25 degree angle to allow
thermal comfort, sustainability, wastage control and avoidance. indirect daylight entering the building and preventing glare, aided by the use of
Majority of the buildings in Malaysia produce a lot of carbon and mirror shelves and fixed blinds. The daylight affects the greenery landscape,
energy waste on an everyday basis. Producing a lot of these harmful therefore narrowing down the heat transmission.
impacts can contribute to irreversible consequences to the
environment. These issues can be improved by considering the Subsequently, the building’s facade is fixed with low e-glass to avoid strong
sustainable and green approaches for future projects. transmissions of heat to the interior. It’s also surrounded with greeneries that
provides shading and a cooling effect by minimising the infrared and ultraviolet
To propose an energy efficient structure by understanding the basic light. Furthermore, the glass canopy at the entrance recycles water for irrigation
ideas plays a significant role to the environment. There are several and avoids waste of potable water.
factors that contribute to the everyday use of energy consumption, yet
the bigger factor is from the daily human activities in buildings. These The green approach of rainwater harvesting, sanitation systems and a water
include the daily usage of lighting and air-cooling systems. supply system augments to the daily usage and wastage produced in the building.
It is best to acknowledge where and how the sources are supplied into the
This building is said to have an energy index (kWh/m2/year) structure as well as how the source is carried out to the final stage.
consumed of approximately 65% of a standard building, saving 35% of
energy. The average energy building consumption in Malaysia All things considered, the research based on the Diamond Building has conveyed
occupies an estimated of 210kWh/m2, whereas the Diamond Building several and beneficial design strategies to aid in the understanding of energy
only occupies 65kWh/m2. Different office buildings have their own efficiency. Aside from taking in the aspects of the aesthetic value, one must
usages and floors, depending on the purpose that’s being carried out. consider the functions, indoor spaces and the results that it’ll have on the
surroundings. In relation to creating future designs and spaces, it is significant as
The design strategy begins from the top where the glass dome is fixed researchers to consider reducing the demands of non-renewable resources and to
with automatic blinds indoor to light up the atrium. save cost for long term usage.

36
REFRENCES