RIPH_WEEK 2 JOSE DIZON

o A Filipino patriot who was among those who

KATIPUNAN AND THE REVOLUTION: founded the Katipunan
Memoirs of a General
MARCH 14, 1896 _ SATURDAY
 Gen. Santiago V. Alvarez accompanied neophytes
SANTIAGO ALVAREZ
o A revolutionary general and honorary president of Emilio F. Aguinaldo and Raymundo Mata to
Manila for their initiation into the Katipunan Secret
the first directorate of the Nacionalista Party.
o Known as “Kidlat ng Apoy” Society, where they waited at the quarters of
o “Hero” of the Battle of Dalahican Jacinto Lumbreras, a Katipunan member.
o In a 36 hour battle in Dalahican one of the  Before leaving Lumbreras’ place, the two were
blindfolded as they reach the home of Andres
bloodiest encounters during the revolution, he
Bonifacio, the Katipunan Supremo
scored a decisive victory and repulsed the
 They pledged to destroy oppression by signing
Spanish troops.
their names in their own blood and were welcome
by fellow katipuneros
BATTLE OF DALAHICAN
o Was a simultaneous battle during the Philippine
APRIL 6, 1896 _ MONDAY
Revolution that was fought from November 9-11,
 Aguinaldo asked Santiago to accompany him to
1896
o The result of the battle was the first significant meet the SupremoBonfiacio to learn more about
the Katipunan
Filipino victory in the country’s history
 They travelled from Cavite to Manila via Ynchausti
boats
PAULA CAROLINA MALAY
o Graduated from the University of the Philippines  Aguinaldo went to the port office to attend some
o Turned to translation and writing during the martial business, only to be upset over the
superciliousness of Ramon Padilla, an official at
law period
o Translated the Katipunan and the Revolution: the port office.
Memoirs of a General
KKK – Kataas-taasan, Kagalang-galangan Katipunan
GEN. ARTEMIO RICARTE ng mga Anak ng Bayan.
o A Filipino general during the Philippine Revolution
o Regarded as the Father of the Philippine Army KATIPUNAN – literally means “assembly” or
o First Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the “association” that comes from the root word “tipon”
Philippines which means “gather”.
A secret organization founded by Filipino
EMILIO AGUINALDO patriots specifically Andres Bonifacio led to the
o Filipino revolutionary, politician, and military leader outbreak of the Philippine Revolution.
o First and the youngest President of the Philippines
o Original member of the Katipunan o April 1896, Good Friday @9:00am
o He led the latter part of the Philippine Revolution o They established a provincial council of
Katipunan
RAYMUNDO MATA - fellow Cavitenos
MAGDIWANG GOVERNMENT
o Mariano Alvarez as President
JACINTO LUMBRERAS – a Magdiwang and first
o One of two Katipunan branches in Cavite along
presiding officer of the Tejeros Convention. A
Katipunan member. with Magdalo
o The Magdiwang Council was acknowledged “as
ANDRES BONIFACIO the supreme organ responsible for the successful
o A Filipino revolutionary hero founded the campaigns against the enemy.
Katipunan
o First leader of the Philippine Revolution TABON CAVES
o First self-declared President of the Independent 1962 – 1966
Philippines Founded by Dr. Robert B. Fox (1918 – 1985)
Anthropologist and leading historian on the Pre-
DR. PIO VALENZUELA hispanic Philippines
o A Filipino physician and a major figure during the Actively served the National Museum of the
Philippine Revolution Philippines in 1948-1975
o Took the responsibility of establishing factions of Serving as consultant to the Philippine President
the secret society in different parts of Morong or on Anthropological matters and as Dean of Brent
Rizal province and Bulacan. School in Baguio City.
o Original member of the Katipunan Head of the Anthropology Division of the National
Museum of the Philippines
GREGORIA DE JESUS Taught at the University of the Philippines and
o Founder and vice-president of the women’s served as President Assistant for National
chapter of the Katipunan of the Philippines Minorities.
o Wife of Andres Bonifacio
 Artifacts recovered ranging 50,000 years ago of
the 14th century THE PREHISPANIC SOURCE / THE
TABON MAN – one of the oldest known human MARAGTAS
skeletal
TABON CAVE THE MARAGTAS – Chronicles or History of Panay
 Large main cave where only Pleistocene  Published by the Kadapig sang Banwa at the
human fossils in the Philippines were found. El Tiempo Press, Iloilo in 1907.
 Scattered fossils bones of at least 3  It is written in mixed Hiligaynon and Kin-iraya
individuals were excavated.
FOSSIL HUMAN BONES – dated 22,000 – PEDRO MONTECLARO
24,000 years ago o Born in Miag-ao, Iloilo on October 15, 1850
o Served as Teniente Mayor in 1891 and
THE BEGINNINGS OF PHILIPPINE Gobernadorcillo in 1892-1894
ARCHAEOLOGY o Also known as poet in both the vernacular and
 The discovery of Tabon Cave in Palawan Spanish
 Site of an important Philippine Archaeological
discovery: The Tabon Man THE MARAGTAS (Chronicles of Panay)
 He led a 6-years archaeological research in
Palawan CHAPTER 1 – Anthropological treatise on the former
 Caves and rock shelters of Lipuun Point customs, clothes, dialect, heredity, organization of the
Aetas (Negritos) of Panay.
BURIAL JAR in Tabon Cave
 At least 200 jars CHAPTER 2 – The upcoming of the Ten Datus from
 Jar covers and small vessels scattered on the Borneo, fleeing the tyranny of DatuMakatunaw, and
cave was recovered their purchase of the Island of Panay from Marikudo.

MANUNGGUL CAVE TEN BORNEAN DATUS

 Discovered by Victor Decalan and Hans Kasten 1. DatuPuti ( wife Piangpangan)
and volunteer workers from US Peace Corps in 2. DatuSumakwel (wife Kapinangan)
1964 3. DatuBangkaya (wife Katurong)
 Composed of 4 Chambers with 3 openings but 4. DatuPaiborong (wife Pabilaan)
only 2 were used for jar burial. 5. DatuPaduhinogan (wife Tibongsapay
 Has a large round mouth tunnel-like. 6. DatuDumangsol
7. DatuLibay
CHAMBER A 8. DatuDumangsil
- Three animal or bird heads surrounding an 9. DatuDumalogdog
opening 10. DatuBalensuela
- A unique tripod construction
- Other artifacts: wooden coffin CHAPTER 3 – The romance of Sumakwel,
- Potteries: La-hayub pottery; Kalayaan Kapinangan and her lover Garung-garung, a
pottery charming little tale in its own right.
- True jade
- Fragments of the distinct bracelets and CHAPTER 4 – It concludes the tale of ten Datus,
accessories telling their political arrangements and their
CHAMBER B circumnavigation of the Island.
- A highly decorated funerary
- Sand Tempering CHAPTER 5 – Another anthropological sort of treatise
- Surface colors describing language, commerce, clothes, customs,
- Form of burial jars marriages, funerals, mourning habits, cockfighting,
- Trunconial jar cover timekeeping techniques and calendars, and personal
- Potteries: Tabon plain; Tabon polish; Tabon characteristics.
impressed
- Types of shells: large ring – like beeds, tiny CHAPTER 6 – Gives the list of Castillian officials
disk beads; typical small covering beads, between 1637 and 1808 and the epilogue contains a
shell spoons few 18th century dates from Miag-ao.
- In 1948 – number of spoons collected
HISTORY OF THE FIRST DATUS
MANUNGGUL JAR
 A kind of burial jar  Mid-19th century document was annotated and
 As a work of a master potter translated into Spanish by Father Tomas
 Signifies the belief of early Filipinos in Life after Santaren in January 1858, published as
Death “Historia de los primerosdatos que procedentes
 The boatman is seated behind a figure whose de Borneo, poblaronestasislas (History of the
hands are crossed on the chest. The position of First Datos who, coming from Boneo, populated
the hands is traditional Filipino practice this islands)”
observed when arranging the corpse.
 Some of the heroes and events of the legend
were known in varied and conflicting forms.
 Maragtas – with two(2) exceptions – could not
have been written between 1901-1907 with
reference to no other written sources.
 Two exceptions, however, are very important for
one of them appears to be constitution of a
political confederation and the other an account
of some unique custom “laws”.

THE CONFEDERATION OF MADIAAS

 The settlements set up in Panay by the seven
Bornean datuspropered.
 The datus divided the islands into three areas:
 Hatik (Antique), under DatuSumakwel
 Irong-irong (Iloilo), under DatuPaliburong
 Aklan (Aklan and Capiz), under
DatuBangkay
 The 3 areas united themselves into a
confederation under the overall rule of
DatuSumakwel, the wisest of the datus and this
grouping was called the Confederation of
Madyaas.
 As ruler, DatuSumakwel gave his people a set of
written laws, known as the Maragtas Code.
 The descendant of these Bornean settlers of
Panay spread to the surrounding islands and
founded new settlements.
 DatusDumangsil and DatuBalensusa were also
successful in their exploits.
 Some of their descendants occupied the fertile
region Laguna de Bay and the others penetrated
farther south and east across the mountains and
settled in the Bicol Peninsula.

MARAGTAS CODE
 Code of Sumakwel by Oredain
 Description of Variety of General Cultural
Information (Social Custom, Visayan equivalent
of days and weeks and Dialect Differences)
 Stringent Sanctions
 Most punished is laziness which is untrue
(mutilation and death)
 Teodoro Agoncillo (assessment)