Cátedra de Ingeniería Rural

Escuela Universitaria de Ingeniería Técnica Agrícola de Ciudad Real

Hallar por el método de Cross los diagramas de momento flector y de

esfuerzo cortante, así como las reacciones de la estructura de la figura,
indicando la situación de los puntos más característicos de ambos diagramas
utilizando el método de superposición.

Determinar el ángulo girado por C en la barra BC.

Los momentos de inercia de las barras horizontales es I1, mientras que

el de las barras verticales es I2, sabiendo que la relación entre ellos es I1=2⋅I2.

4 t/m

A B C D

2.5 m
6t

2.5 m
E F

6m 1m 3m 1m 4m

1º Coeficientes elásticos

NUDO B

3 ⋅ E ⋅ Ι 3 ⋅ E ⋅ Ι1 βBA = 0
K BA = = = 0.5 ⋅ E ⋅ Ι1
l 6
4 ⋅ E ⋅ Ι 4 ⋅ E ⋅ Ι1 βBC = 1
K BC = = = 0. 8 ⋅ E ⋅ Ι 1 2
l 5
3 ⋅ E ⋅ Ι 3 ⋅ E ⋅ Ι 2 3 ⋅ E ⋅ Ι1 βBE = 0
K BE = = = = 0 .3 ⋅ E ⋅ Ι 1
l 5 10

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 Cátedra de Ingeniería Rural
Escuela Universitaria de Ingeniería Técnica Agrícola de Ciudad Real

0 .5
rBA = = 0.31
0 .5 + 0 .8 + 0 .3
0 .8
rBC = = 0.50
0 . 5 + 0 .8 + 0 .3
0 .3
rBE = = 0.19
0 . 5 + 0 .8 + 0 . 3

NUDO C

4 ⋅ E ⋅ Ι 4 ⋅ E ⋅ Ι1 βCB = 1
K CB = = = 0 .8 ⋅ E ⋅ Ι 1 2
l 5
4 ⋅ E ⋅ Ι 4 ⋅ E ⋅ Ι1 βCD = 1
K CD = = = 1 .0 ⋅ E ⋅ Ι 1 2
l 4
4 ⋅ E ⋅ Ι 4 ⋅ E ⋅ Ι 2 4 ⋅ E ⋅ Ι1 βCF = 1
K CF = = = = 0 .4 ⋅ E ⋅ Ι 1 2
l 5 10
0 .8
rCB = = 0.37
0 .8 + 1 .0 + 0 .4
1 .0
rCD = = 0.45
0 .8 + 1 .0 + 0 .4
0 .4
rCF = = 0.18
0 .8 + 1 .0 + 0 .4

NUDOS A, E

Articulaciones

K =0 β =1 r =0

NUDOS D,F

Empotramientos perfectos

K =∞ β =0 r =0

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 Cátedra de Ingeniería Rural
Escuela Universitaria de Ingeniería Técnica Agrícola de Ciudad Real

2º Momentos y pares de empotramiento

Tramo BC

4 t/m
a =2.5 m
b =2.5 m
B C
c =3 m
1m 3m 1m q =4 t/m
c
a b

− q ⋅ c3  12 ⋅ a ⋅ b2 
MB = 
⋅ l − 3 ⋅ b + 
12 ⋅ l2  c 2

− 4 ⋅3 
3
12 ⋅ 2.5 ⋅ 2.52 
MB = ⋅  5 − 3 ⋅ 2 . 5 +  = −6.6 t ⋅ m
12 ⋅ 52  32 

− q ⋅ c3  12 ⋅ a2 ⋅ b 
MC = ⋅  l − 3 ⋅ a + 
12 ⋅ l2  c2 
− 4⋅3 
3
12 ⋅ 2.52 ⋅ 2.5 
MC = 
⋅ 5 − 3 ⋅ 2 .5 +  = −6.6 t ⋅ m
12 ⋅ 52  32 

mB = −6.6 t ⋅ m
m C = + 6 .6 t ⋅ m

Tramo EB

6t

B
E

2.5 m 2.5 m

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 Cátedra de Ingeniería Rural
Escuela Universitaria de Ingeniería Técnica Agrícola de Ciudad Real

ME = 0

3 3
MB = − ⋅p ⋅l = − ⋅ 6 ⋅ 5 = −5.625 t ⋅ m
16 16

mE = 0
mB = −5.625 t ⋅ m

3º Cross: Transmisiones

−0.71 +6.79 −4.53 +3.23 +1.63

+0.01 +0.01 +0.01 +0.01

−0.03 −0.05 −0.03
+0.10 +0.20 +0.25 +0.13
−0.68 −1.09 −0.55
+1.22 +2.44 +2.79 +1.49
+6.6 −6.6
0.31 0.50 0.37 0.45
−5.63
0.19

0.18
−6.07

+1.30

+0.01
+0.10
+1.19
−0.02
−0.42

+0.65
+0.01
+0.05
+0.59

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 Cátedra de Ingeniería Rural
Escuela Universitaria de Ingeniería Técnica Agrícola de Ciudad Real

4º Diagrama de momentos

6.79

4.53
3.23

0.71
6.07

1.30
1.63
0.65

Obtención de los momentos en el centro del vano

Tramo BC

4 t/m
6.79 4.53

B C

1m 3m 1m

[1] [2]
4 t/m
6.79 4.53

+
B1 C1
B C B C

1m 3m 1m 5m

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 Cátedra de Ingeniería Rural
Escuela Universitaria de Ingeniería Técnica Agrícola de Ciudad Real

[1]
q⋅b ⋅c 4 ⋅ 2 .5 ⋅ 3
MBB 1 = ⋅x = ⋅x = 6⋅x
l 5

2
q⋅b ⋅c q   c 
MB1C1 = ⋅ x − ⋅ x −  a − 
l 2   2 
2
4 ⋅ 2 .5 ⋅ 3 4   3 
MB1C1 = ⋅ x − ⋅  x −  2 .5 −  
5 2   2 
MB1 C1 = 6 ⋅ x − 2 ⋅ (x − 1) = −2 ⋅ x 2 + 10 ⋅ x − 2
2

q⋅a ⋅c
MC1C = ⋅ (l − x )
l
4 ⋅ 2 .5 ⋅ 3
MC1C = ⋅ (5 − x ) = 30 − 6 ⋅ x
5

[2]
⋅ (l − x ) − C ⋅ x
MB M
MBC = −
l l
⋅ (5 − x ) −
6.79 4.53
MBC =− ⋅x
5 5
MBC = −6.79 + 1.36 ⋅ x − 0.91⋅ x = 0.45 ⋅ x − 6.79

Superponiendo:

MBB 1 + MBC = 6 ⋅ x + 0.45 ⋅ x − 6.79 = 6.45 ⋅ x − 6.79

MB1C1 + MBC = −2 ⋅ x 2 + 10 ⋅ x − 2 + 0.45 ⋅ x − 6.79 = −2 ⋅ x 2 + 10.45 ⋅ x − 8.79
MC1C + MBC = 30 − 6 ⋅ x + 0.45 ⋅ x − 6.79 = 23.21 − 5.55 ⋅ x

Puntos de corte:

6.45 ⋅ x − 6.79 = 0
x = 1.05 m → ∉ B1C1

2 ⋅ x 2 − 10.45 ⋅ x + 8.79 = 0

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 Cátedra de Ingeniería Rural
Escuela Universitaria de Ingeniería Técnica Agrícola de Ciudad Real

10.45 ± 10.452 − 4 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 8.79

x=
4

x1 = 1.05 m
x = 1.05 m
x 2 = 4.17 m ∉ B1C1

23.21 − 5.55 ⋅ x = 0

x = 4.18 m ∉ B1C1

Momento máximo:

dM
=0
dx
− 4 ⋅ x + 10.45 = 0

x =2.61 m

Mx = 2.61 = −2 ⋅ (2.61) + 10.45 ⋅ 2.61 − 8.79 = 4.86 t ⋅ m

2

6.79

4.53

1.05

− −

B C
+
2.61

4.18

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 Cátedra de Ingeniería Rural
Escuela Universitaria de Ingeniería Técnica Agrícola de Ciudad Real

Tramo BE

6t
6.07

E B
2.5 m 2.5 m

[1] [2]
6t
6.07
+
E1 B
E E B
2.5 m 2.5 m 5m

[1]
p 6
MEE 1 = ⋅ x = ⋅x = 3⋅x
2 2

⋅ (l − x ) = ⋅ (5 − x ) = 15 − 3 ⋅ x
p 6
ME1B =
2 2

[2]
⋅ (l − x ) − b ⋅ x = −
Me M 6.07
MEB = − ⋅ x = 1.21⋅ x
l l 5

Superponiendo:

MEE 1 + MEB = 3 ⋅ x − 1.21⋅ x = +1.79 ⋅ x

ME1B + MEB = 15 − 3 ⋅ x − 1.21⋅ x = 15 − 4.21⋅ x

Puntos de corte

15 − 4.21⋅ x = 0
x =3.56 m

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 Cátedra de Ingeniería Rural
Escuela Universitaria de Ingeniería Técnica Agrícola de Ciudad Real

En x =2.5 m → 1.79⋅2.5=4.47 t⋅m

6.07 t⋅m

E B
+

2.5 4.47 t⋅m

3.56

5º Reacciones y diagrama de esfuerzo cortante

Tramo AB

0.71
∑M A =0
RB ⋅ 6 − 0.71 = 0
RB = +0.12 t
A B
6m ∑M B =0
R A ⋅ 6 + 0.71 = 0
R A = −0.12 t

Tramo BC

4 t/m ∑M B =0
6.79 4.53 R C ⋅ 5 + 6.79 − 4.53 − 4 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 2.5 = 0
RC = +5.55 t
B C
∑M C =0
1m 3m 1m RB ⋅ 5 + 4.53 − 6.79 − 4 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 2.5 = 0
RB = +6.45 t

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 Cátedra de Ingeniería Rural
Escuela Universitaria de Ingeniería Técnica Agrícola de Ciudad Real

Tramo CD

∑M C =0
3.23 1.63 RD ⋅ 4 + 3.23 + 1.63 = 0
RD = -1.21 t

C D ∑M D =0
R C ⋅ 4 − 3.23 − 1.63 = 0
4m
R C = +1.21 t

Tramo EB

6t ∑M E =0
6.07 RB ⋅ 5 − 6 ⋅ 2.5 − 6.07 = 0
RB = +4.21 t
E B ∑M B =0
2.5 m 2.5 m RE ⋅ 5 − 6 ⋅ 2.5 + 6.07 = 0
RE = +1.79 t

Tramo FC

∑M F =0
0.65 1.30 R C ⋅ 5 + 0.65 + 1.30 = 0
RC = −0.39 t
F C ∑M C =0
5m RF ⋅ 5 − 0.65 + 1.30 = 0
RF = +0.39 t

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 Cátedra de Ingeniería Rural
Escuela Universitaria de Ingeniería Técnica Agrícola de Ciudad Real

6.45

1.21
+

A B C +
−
D

1.79
0.12 −

+
+ 5.55
0.39
E F

6º Angulo girado en C por la barra BC

4 t/m
6.79 4.53

B C

1m 3m 1m

4 t/m
q⋅b ⋅a ⋅c  c2 
ϕC = − ⋅  l + a − 
6 ⋅E ⋅ Ι ⋅l  4 ⋅ b 
B1 C1
B C 4 ⋅ 2 .5 ⋅ 2 . 5 ⋅ 3  32  16.5
ϕC = − ⋅  5 + 2.5 −  = −
6 ⋅E⋅ Ι ⋅5  4 ⋅ 2 .5  E⋅Ι
1m 3m 1m

6.79 4.53
⋅ (Mb + 2 ⋅ Mc )
l
ϕC =
6 ⋅E ⋅ Ι
⋅ (6.79 + 2 ⋅ 4.53 ) =
5 13.21
B C ϕC =
6 ⋅E ⋅ Ι E⋅Ι
5m

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 Cátedra de Ingeniería Rural
Escuela Universitaria de Ingeniería Técnica Agrícola de Ciudad Real

16.5 13.21 3.29

ϕC = − + =− rad
E⋅Ι E⋅Ι E⋅Ι

(E, Ι en t y m)

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