Automatic Traffic Signal Control forEmergency Vehicles

Automatic Traffic Signal Control for

Emergency Vehicles

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 Automatic Traffic Signal Control forEmergency Vehicles

CHAPTER
Abstract
Traffic Congestion and control is a major challenge in the world today. Because of this traffic
management is a critical issue faced in many metropolitan cities. Lack of efficient traffic control
leads to loss of lives because of ambulance delay in case of getting struct in traffic jams. To this
issue, a framework is proposed which provides a smooth flow for the ambulance to reach the
hospital in time. A new mode, “ambulance mode” which would control the traffic lights in the
path of the ambulance is designed. The proposed approach is fully automated controlling the
traffic lights thereby helping to reach the hospital in time. This is not preferred only for
ambulance but can also be used for other emergency vehicles such as fire engine. Using the
proposed system, when a traffic signal receives an alert regarding an emergency vehicle, the
traffic signal would immediately turn green. Thus, decreasing the waiting time of emergency
vehicles in traffic dense lanes. The proposed system was designed, implemented and tested for
its operation.

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CHAPTER
INTRODUCTION
Traffic congestion is considered as a major problem in most of the developing countries. Traffic
signals need a good coordination for the smooth flow of traffic during the peak hours. Lot of
techniques are available for monitoring say, laser and imaging, Radar etc. Also Global
Positioning System (GPS) is also employed to monitor Now a day, whenever an ambulance
comes it is controlled manually at the traffic junction by a traffic officer. Our Proposed approach
for traffic signal management uses zigbee to detect and control the traffic congestion and also
passes emergency vehicles smoothly.. ZigBee is a transceiver module which operates at low-
power to transmit and receive data from any standard CMOS/TTL source. The objective of the
paper is to observe the traffic lights and density variation by applying suitable processing
techniques. The paper targets the system design that would be adaptable to the existing
conditions at the traffic junctions. This provides flexible traffic light system that ensures changes
in traffic light density and reduces stress of traffic. Congestion of traffic creates no issues in the
case of emergency requirements and reducing accidents.

Wireless communication has been solely based on radio waves. Due to technological
developments, this spectrum has become congested. Similarly, the traffic density has also
increased many folds. To have an efficient traffic management, we need reliable wireless V2V
communication system. The choice of radio waves for this application involves a huge
bandwidth to be allocated to implement V2V communication system, which is very difficult as
this spectrum is already congested due to human cellular communication systems [1]. Also, if we
consider the circuitry associated with this type of communication, it is expensive. Therefore, the
need for an alternative spectrum is increasing day by day. Gamma rays, X-rays, Infra-red and
Ultraviolet rays cannot be used to implement V2V communication system due to their harmful
effects on human body.

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 Automatic Traffic Signal Control forEmergency Vehicles

BLOCK DIAGRAM:

Ambulance: Traffic:

LCD Display LCD Display

CONTROLLER Zigbee CONTROLLER

Zigbee R G

R G
Switches

WIFI

SERVER

Traffic:

LCD Display Web

application

CONTROLLER Zigbee
R G

R G
Path Close
Indicator IR
sensor

Rain
Indicator

Carbon
Indicator Server
WIFI
WEB
Application

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 Automatic Traffic Signal Control forEmergency Vehicles

FLOW CHART:

START

Initialize the System

Check Data Carbon Check Data Ambulance

Send the data through ZIgbee

END

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 Automatic Traffic Signal Control forEmergency Vehicles

START

Initialize the system

Check data from TRAFFIC LIGHT

Zigbee

Change the direction of

Traffic lights

SEND DATA TO
NEXT SIGNAL

END

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START

Initialize the system

Check data Check For Rain Check For Air Check For Check For carbon of
Zigbee quality Carbon vehicle

Change the traffic

SEND THE DATA to Server

Traffic Light Normal

END

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HARDWARE and SOFTWARE:

HRADWARE:

1.Controller(Arduino Uno)

2.Low pass Zigbee(CC2500)

3.Rain sensor

4. Carbon mq5 sensor

5.LCD DISPLAY

6.WIFI

7.Leds

SOFTWARE:

1..ARDUINO IDE

2.Embedded C

3.ADAFRUIT IO(WEB application)

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CHAPTER

PROBLEM STATEMENT

India is one of the fastest developing country in the world. One of the disadvantages of this

unprecedented growth is the ineffective traffic management. The problem of lack of radio

spectrum, space and low internet connection speed.

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OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

1. The main objective of our project is to provide the traffic clearance for emergency vehicles.

2. Get updates traffic from environment parameters

3. To provide maximum communication for ambulance from environment and hospitals.

4. To provide immediate response from the hospital side for emergency vehicle.

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EXPECTED RESULTS

In this Topic, a single hop scenario need to be implemented. The time taken for the alert message

to propagate from an emergency vehicle to a non-emergency vehicle and then to the traffic signal

control is approximately one second. This time can be further reduced by implementing the same

functionality using optimized code. The time can also be reduced by designing better modulation

and demodulation circuits which supports higher data rates. The alert message can also be

encrypted to make it secure.

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CHAPTER

CONCLUSION

To reduce the blockage and undesirable time delay in traffic, a propelled framework is required.
One such approach is the Intelligent traffic clearance using Zigbee. This system automatically
senses the arrival of emergency vehicle and clears the lane by turning the signal to green which
would drastically reduce the traffic congestion in big cities.

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CHAPTER

LITERATURE

1. KHALIL M. YOUSEF, JAMAL N. AL-KARAKI, “Intelligent Traffic Light Flow

Control System Using Wireless Sensors Networks JOURNAL OF INFORMATION
SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 26, 753-768 (2010).

Vehicular traffic is continuously increasing around the world, especially in large urban areas.
The resulting congestion has become a major concern to transportation specialists and decision
makers. The existing methods for traffic management, surveillance and control are not
adequately efficient in terms of performance, cost, maintenance, and support. In this paper, the
design of a system that utilizes and efficiently manages traffic light controllers is presented. In
particular, we present an adaptive traffic control system based on a new traffic infrastructure
using Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) and using new techniques for controlling the traffic flow
sequences. These techniques are dynamically adaptive to traffic conditions on both single and
multiple intersections. A WSN is used as a tool to instrument and control traffic signals
roadways, while an intelligent traffic controller is developed to control the operation of the
traffic infrastructure supported by the WSN. The controller embodies traffic system
communication algorithm (TSCA) and the traffic signals time manipulation algorithm (TSTMA).
Both algorithms are able to provide the system with adaptive and efficient traffic estimation
represented by the dynamic change in the traffic signals' flow sequence and traffic variation.
Simulation results show the efficiency of the proposed scheme in solving traffic congestion in
terms of the average waiting time and average queue length on the isolated (single) intersection
and efficient global traffic flow control on multiple intersections. A test bed was also developed
and deployed for real measurements. The paper concludes with some future highlights and useful
remarks.

2. Shruthi K R and Vinodha K, “Priority based traffic lights controller using wireless sensor
networks”, International Journal of Electronics Signals and Systems (IJESS) ISSN: 2231- 5969,
Vol-1 Iss-4, 2012.

Vehicular traffic is continuously increasing around the world, especially in large urban areas. The resulting
congestion has become a major concern to transportation specialists and decision makers. The existing

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 Automatic Traffic Signal Control forEmergency Vehicles

methods for traffic management, surveillance and control are not adequately efficient in terms of
performance, cost, maintenance, and support. In this paper, the design of a system that utilizes and
efficiently manages traffic light controllers is presented. In particular, we present an adaptive traffic control
system based on a new traffic infrastructure using Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). These techniques
are dynamically adaptive to traffic conditions on both single and multiple intersections. An intelligent traffic
light controller system with a new method of vehicle detection and dynamic traffic signal time manipulation
is used in the project. The project is also designed to control traffic over multiple intersections and follows
international standards for traffic light operations. A central monitoring station is designed to monitor all
access nodes..

3. Minal K. Avzekar1, Amruta Moon,” Adaptive Traffic Signal Control with VANET”
International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Research (IJSER) Volume 2 Issue 3, March
2014.

A Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network or VANET is a technology used to collect and aggregate real-time
speed and position information on individual vehicles to optimize signal control at traffic
intersections. Today VANET used mainly for the purpose for the public safety , the comfort ,
Travelers Information ,Traffic Management, Traffic coordination and Assistance etc. Today’s
many of the things get controlled automatically. Everything is getting controlled using the
mechanical or the automated systems. In every field machines are doing the human works. But
still some area is controlled manually. For example traffic controls, road control, parking
controlling. Keeping these things in mind we are trying to develop the project to automate the
traffic tracking for the square. To make any project more useful and acceptable by any
organization we need to provide multiple features in a single project. Keeping these things in
consideration proposed system is less with multiple methodologies which can be used in traffic
control system

4. Mrs.EShanthini.E1, Sreeja.G2 Senior AP/ECE, SNS college of technology,Coimbatore. PG

SCHOLAR, SNS college of technology, Coimbatore.” IMPROVED TRAFFIC CONTROL
SYSTEMS FOR EMERGENCY VEHICLE CLEARANCE AND STOLEN VEHICLE
DETECTION” International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN:
2395 -0056 Volume: 03 Issue: 03 | Mar-2016 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072.

Due to rapid urbanization there is a need for implementing an effective traffic control systems to
avoid heavy congestion. And also to make a better solution for ambulance clearance helps to
protect the human life. The idea behind the proposed system is to provide effective traffic control
systems by the use of Embedded technologies. This paper concentrates on ambulance clearance
and the stolen vehicle detection. This makes use of RFID, GPS, and GSM along with Embedded
technology. Here each vehicle is placed with an RFID tag. Whenever the RFID reader reads the
tag of ambulance it turns ON the green light for that particular path till the reader reads the RFID
tag. The position of theft vehicle is located with the help of GPS and the information is
transferred through GSM to the control room. When the tag of stolen vehicle is read by the

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reader it turns on the Red signal. This prototype was tested using Simulation tool and the
expected results are obtained

CHAPTER

REFERENCE:

[1].KHALIL M. YOUSEF, JAMAL N. AL-KARAKI, “Intelligent Traffic Light Flow Control

System Using Wireless Sensors Networks JOURNAL OF INFORMATION SCIENCE AND
ENGINEERING 26, 753-768 (2010).

[2]. Shruthi K R and Vinodha K, “Priority based traffic lights controller using wireless sensor
networks”, International Journal of Electronics Signals and Systems (IJESS) ISSN: 2231- 5969,
Vol-1 Iss-4, 2012.

[3]. Minal K. Avzekar1, Amruta Moon,” Adaptive Traffic Signal Control with VANET”
International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Research (IJSER) Volume 2 Issue 3, March
2014.

[4]. Mohammad ShahabUddin, Ayon Kumar Das, Md. Abu Taleb,” real- time area based traffic
density estimation by image processing for traffic signal control system: bangladesh perspective”
2nd Int'l Conf. on Electrical Engineering and Information & Communication Technology
(ICEEICT) 2015 Jahangirnagar University,Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh, 21-23 May 2015.

[5].A. K. Mittal and D. Bhandari, “A novel approach to implement green wave system and
detection of stolen vehicles,” in Proc. IEEE 3rd Int.Adv. Comput., Feb. 2013, pp. 1055–1059.

[6]R. Hegde, R. R. Sali, and M. S. Indira, “RFID and GPS based automatic lane clearance
system for ambulance,” Int. J. Adv. Elect. Electron.Eng., vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 102–107, 2013.

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[7]Sarika B. Kale, and Gajanan P. Dhok” Design of Intelligent Ambulance and Traffic Control”,
International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE) ISSN:
2278-3075, Volume-2, Issue-5, April 2013

[8] Mrs.EShanthini.E1, Sreeja.G2 Senior AP/ECE, SNS college of technology,Coimbatore. PG SCHOLAR,

SNS college of technology, Coimbatore.” IMPROVED TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR EMERGENCY
VEHICLE CLEARANCE AND STOLEN VEHICLE DETECTION” International Research Journal of Engineering
and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 Volume: 03 Issue: 03 | Mar-2016 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-
0072.

[9]. Veeravenkatesh, Nazneensyed,” smart traffic control system for emergency vehicle
clearance” International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication
Engineering –Vol.3, Issue 8, August 2015.

[10]. Implementing “Intelligent Traffic Control System Congestion Control, Ambulance

Clearance, and Stolen Vehicle Detection” by Rajeshwari Sundar, Santhoshs Hebbar, and
Varaprasad Golla, IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL, VOL. 15, NO. 2, FEBRUARY 2015.

[11]. “Smart Traffic Light Control System” ISBN: 978-1- 4673-6942-8/16/$31.00 ©2016 IEEE.

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