101117043 V.

BAJI REDDY
101117032 SHEKHAR SAHU
101117020 NAVEEN PRAKASH
101117007 DEBOLEENA SANYAL
•A window is an opening in
a wall, door, roof or vehicle that allows the passage of
light, sound, and sometimes air.

•Modern windows are usually glazed or covered in

some other transparent or translucent material,
a sash set in a frame in the opening; the sash and
frame are also referred to as a window.

•Many glazed windows may be opened, to allow

ventilation, or closed, to exclude inclement weather.

•Windows often have a latch or similar mechanism to

lock the window shut or to hold it open by various
amounts.
• Eyebrow window
• Fixed windows
• Single-hung and Double-
hung sash windows
• Horizontal sliding sash
windows • Jalousie or Louvered windows
• Casement windows • Clerestory windows
• Awning windows • Skylights
• Hopper windows • Roof windows
• Tilt and Slide windows • Roof lanterns
(often door-sized) • Bay windows
• Tilt and Turn windows • Oriel windows
• Transom windows • Thermal, or Diocletian windows
• Sidelight windows • Picture windows
• Emergency exit windows
• Stained glass windows
• French windows
• Panel windows
• Double - and Triple paned
windows
A casement is a window that is attached to
its frame by one or more hinges at the side.
They are used singly or in pairs within a
common frame, in which case they are
hinged on the outside. Casement windows
are often held open using a casement stay.
Windows hinged at the top are referred to
as awning windows, and ones hinged at
the bottom are called hoppers.
• Variety of design features: Casement windows offer a number of
attractive design features such as French, flat top, pushout, top
down grille, colonial grill, prairie grill, and no grill. They can be
customized for precise size and desired color, and they look
attractive in a number materials. Typical casement window
materials include wood, steel, clad (wood covered with aluminum
or vinyl), fiberglass, aluminum, and vinyl.

• Second most efficient window: Casement windows are the

second most energy-efficient, after fixed-pane windows. The
window sash presses against the frame on closing, creating an
airtight seal. This helps prevent air entry and leakage.

• Easy to open and close: Because they use single-lever latches or

tandem latches, casement windows are easy to open and close.
Most models can also be fitted for automatic openers.

• Excellent ventilation: Casement windows open all the way

outward. Unlike double-hung windows, which are closed on top,
casement windows are wide open from top to bottom and side-to-
side providing excellent natural ventilation and light.
• Can’t accept air conditioners: Because casement
windows crank outward, they can’t accept air conditioners.
Windows that slide up and down can accommodate an air
conditioner more easily.

• Can’t use storm windows or screens: It is possible to find

casement windows that crank inward, but this is not a
common choice. If you plan to use screens or storm windows,
casement windows are not the best option. They crank
outward, so the opening cannot be obstructed

• Size limitations: Casement windows are designed to crank

outward. Because of the design, the windows can’t be too
large or too heavy. The opening has to be strong enough to
support the window, so builders recommend smaller and
more lightly constructed windows.
are the standard style of casement
windows. The window consists of a
single frame. Inside the frame are
panels of glass known as lights. The
lights are separated by wooden strips
and they open out or in, depending
on how they’re mounted.

• Durability. Single frame casement windows last long

because of the connection of its frame at the sides by
hinges. Therefore, this window provides value for your
money.

• The window provides superior ventilation due to its ability to

open inwardly or outwardly widely.

• It is quite affordable to install the single frame casement

windows compared to other types of casement windows.
Double casement windows were
originally called French casement
windows. This window consists of two
windows hinged on the sides that swing
out and meet in the middle. Double
casement windows are more
expensive than single, but they add an
elegant touch to the home.

• French casement windows are low maintenance

especially due to the easy to clean hinges.
• French casement windows bring out a large space since
its sash can open fully to a 90 degrees hinge angle. The full
opening also lets in more light, ventilation and acts as an
emergency exit route in case of fire outbreaks.
• The window facilitates controlled ventilation since one
can open the master sash independently from the slave
sash.
• The window offers an entirely unrestricted view when
opened fully.
Push-out casement
windows come in both
single and double styles.
Push-out windows use a
handle instead of a crank.
This is the least popular type
of casement window.

• The window can be securely locked even when tilted open.

• Push-out casement windows not only tilt in for superior
ventilation but can also open entirely to facilitate full air
circulation.
• This window has minimal hardware thus keeping a tidy,
uncluttered appeal.
• The window appears with an architectural style thanks to its
classic lines.
• Push-out casement windows can be opened inwardly thus
ensuring smooth cleaning process from the interior.
• Unmatched durability even in windy and wet weather.
A steel casement window is a
window that is hinged and
opens and closes like a book, by
swinging either in or out. It
consists of a frame, hinges, and
a handle or crank that operates
the opening and closing
mechanism. There are several
styles of steel windows.
A typical steel casement window
is vertically hung, hinged on
either the left or right side and
opens out.
 • Steel casements are amongst the most resilient you can purchase.
You can count on steel to last a lifetime. For many old homes,
windows with steel casements will hold up even when the rest of the
house is falling apart.
• With some simple maintenance work, steel casements that may
appear old and in poor shape can quickly be restored to look as
good as new.
• Once fitted, it is extremely difficult to bend or break steel casements.
This makes them a good choice to boost home security. Burglars are
unlikely to tamper with your windows because of the difficulty that
steel presents.
• Steel casements can be painted unlike aluminum. If you desire a new
look or different color for your windows this is easily achieved through
painting. Painting also helps to protect steel casements from rust and
corrosion.
• Steel costs are considerably higher than aluminum.
• To install steel casements you’ll need to be prepared for the costs.
• Steel is a high maintenance material to use on windows.
• It is subject to rust and corrosion. This compels you to paint or use
protective coating on a regular basis. Insulation properties of steel
are low.
• Much heat escapes through the casements while moisture
condenses on the inside. This doesn’t help much towards household
energy efficiency.
• With steel casements you can expect to also receive higher energy
bills.
Side hung windows are a highly
cost effective option and one of
our most popular window types.
They are hinged on the side
and open towards the outside.
These windows can be supplied
with single glazing or double
glazing, depending on the
energy efficiency requirements
of your project.
The maximum size for side hung
windows is 600mm x
1200mm(height), or 500mm x
1500mm(height).
It's exactly as it sounds; where the hinge mechanism
for the opening part of the window it along its top
edge, so that it opens out from the bottom.

A casement window is a window that opens on a hinge,

somewhat like a door. If you rotate a casement window 90
degrees so that the hinge is along the top it is called a "top
hung" window.
Casements and top hung windows have the advantage that
they let in more air than the same sized double hung window.
The only down side is that sometimes the opening mechanisms
can be prone to failure. If the window sticks turning the crank
very hard may damage it.
The maximum size for top hung window is 1000mm x
1000mm.
The moveable arms are
usually longer on side hung
hinges compared to top
hung hinges. Each and
every individual hinge has
to be fitted to the
correct side of the window.
So the arrow on the hinge is
the direction of the window
opening.

IS 1038-1983 codes are used for the design and construction

of all types of doors, windows ,ventilators, openings,etc.,