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Experiment-4: V S Akshit 19BEE0435 L39+L40 1 September 2020

1) The document describes an experiment to determine the efficiency and regulation of a single-phase transformer by performing a load test. 2) Key measurements taken include voltages and currents on the primary and secondary sides of the transformer under different resistive loads. These measurements are used to calculate the efficiency and regulation at each load. 3) Results showed that efficiency increases with load up to a point, then decreases, while regulation increases linearly with load. The experiment allowed observations of how efficiency and regulation are affected by an increasing load on a transformer.

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Akshit VS
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53 views10 pages

Experiment-4: V S Akshit 19BEE0435 L39+L40 1 September 2020

1) The document describes an experiment to determine the efficiency and regulation of a single-phase transformer by performing a load test. 2) Key measurements taken include voltages and currents on the primary and secondary sides of the transformer under different resistive loads. These measurements are used to calculate the efficiency and regulation at each load. 3) Results showed that efficiency increases with load up to a point, then decreases, while regulation increases linearly with load. The experiment allowed observations of how efficiency and regulation are affected by an increasing load on a transformer.

Uploaded by

Akshit VS
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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V S AKSHIT 19BEE0435

Experiment-4

SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

EEE2003 – Electromechanical Energy Conversion Lab

Name: V S Akshit Faculty Name: Dr. Belwin Edward J

Register No.: 19BEE0435 Date of Experiment: 1st September 2020

Slot: L39+L40 1
V S AKSHIT 19BEE0435

Circuit Diagram – Load test on Single Phase Transformer

NAME PLATE DETAILS: Power:


Primary Voltage: Py. Short Circuit Current:
Secondary Voltage: Sec. Short Circuit Current:

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V S AKSHIT 19BEE0435

Circuit Diagram/Simuling Model - Matlab – Load Test on Single Phase Transformer

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Exp. No. 4 V S AKSHIT 19BEE0435 Date: 01-Sep-2020

LOAD TEST ON SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER


Aim:
To determine the percentage efficiency and percentage regulation of the given single phase
transformer by performing a suitable load test.
Apparatus Required:

S.NO NAME TYPE RANGE Qty.

1 Ammeter MC (0-10)A 2

2 Voltmeter MC (0-500)V 2

3 Wattmeter LPF 300V, 10A 2

THEORY:
A transformer is a static (stationary) piece of apparatus by means of which electric power in
one circuit is transformed into electric power of the same frequency in another circuit. It can
raise or lower the voltage in a circuit but with a corresponding decrease or increase in current.
The physical basis of a transformer is mutual induction between two circuits linked by a
common magnetic flux. Primary and secondary coils are wound upon the two cores of the
magnetic frame, linked by the common magnetic flux. When an alternating voltage is applied
across the primary coil, a current flows in it, producing the magnetic flux in the transformer
core. As per faraday’s laws of electro-magnetic induction, a statically self induced emf is setup
in the primary coil.i.e.

d
Ep = - Np
dt

Similarly, statically mutual induced emf setup in the secondary coil is given by,

d
Es = - Ns
dt

Where Np and Ns are the number of turns in the primary and secondary coils respectively and
 the common flux linking both the windings.

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V S AKSHIT 19BEE0435

Formulas
Load test:

Performance of the transformer can be determined as follows from the observations of


load test.
Power input to the transformer = W1 (reading of wattmeter)
Power output of the transformer = W2 (reading of wattmeter)
Ws
Thus, efficiency at a particular load, η = W X 100
p

No load voltage across secondary = V02


Terminal voltage across secondary at a particular load = Vs

𝑽𝟎𝟐 −𝑽𝒔
Then, regulation of the transformer at that load %𝑹 = × 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝑽𝒔

Model Graph:

% η Vs OUTPUT POWER
% REGULATION

% EFFICIENCY

% Regn Vs OUTPUT POWER

LOAD CURRENT
Fig -2 (OR)
OUTPUT POWER

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V S AKSHIT 19BEE0435
PRECAUTIONS:

Before starting and after completion of the experiment

1. The single phase AC power supply should be in off position.


2. The 1-  auto transformer should be kept at minimum potential position.
3. The AC breaker and isolator switch should be in off position.
4. There should not be any load on the transformer at the beginning of the experiment.

PROCEDURE (real time hardware experiment)

1. The connections are made as shown in (Fig – 1) circuit diagram.


2. Switch on the single phase AC power supply, AC breaker and AC isolator switch.
3. Adjust the single phase auto-transformer the primary winding is supplied with its rated
voltage from the name plate details.
4. All the meter readings are noted.
5. The loads are included in steps.
6. The corresponding meter readings are noted for each load conditions.
7. The primary side voltage is adjusted to read its rated value and is maintained constant
throughout the experiment.
8. Loading is done till the maximum allowed current is reached in the secondary side.

PROCEDURE (Matlab/Simulink):

1. Open the Matlab/Simulink model


2. Add powergui block and change the time to discrete 5e-5 s
3. Open the Simulink library browser and add the following blocks to Simulink Model
a. Linear Transformer
b. AC Voltage Source
c. Series RLC Branch
d. Multimeter
e. Power Measurement
f. RMS, Scope and Display
4. Connect as shown in the circuit Diagram
5. Feed the parameters as per the rating
6. Increase the load step by step and record the readings in your notebook
7. Calculate the efficiency and regulation for each reading
8. Plot the graph
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V S AKSHIT 19BEE0435

Observation Table from MATLAB:

Primary Side Secondary Side %


Load % Regulation
Parameters Parameters EFFICIENCY
Resistance %R= [(V02-
Vp Ip Wp Vs Is Ws ƞ= (Ws/Wp)
Vs)/Vs] ×100
Ohms Volts Amps Watts Volts Amps Watts ×100
Open
230 0.05215 5.293 115 0 0 0 0
Circuited

100 ohms 230 0.5903 135.3 113.1 1.131 127.9 94.53067258 1.679929266
90 ohms 230 0.6518 149.5 112.9 1.254 141.6 94.71571906 1.860053144
80 ohms 230 0.7284 167.2 112.6 1.408 158.6 94.85645933 2.131438721
70 ohms 230 0.8265 189.8 112.3 1.605 180.2 94.94204426 2.404274265
60 ohms 230 0.9564 219.7 111.9 1.865 208.7 94.99317251 2.770330652
50 ohms 230 1.137 261.2 111.3 2.226 247.7 94.83154671 3.324348607
40 ohms 230 1.404 322.7 110.4 1.404 304.8 94.45305237 4.166666667
30 ohms 230 1.84 422.9 109 3.633 395.9 93.61551194 5.504587156
20 ohms 230 2.678 615.8 106.2 5.31 564 91.58817798 8.286252354
10 ohms 230 4.957 1140 98.69 9.869 973.9 85.42982456 16.52649711

V S AKSHIT
19BEE0435

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V S AKSHIT 19BEE0435

Output Graphs:
1)%Efficiency Vs Output Power/Load Current:

2)%Regulation Vs Output Power/Load Current:

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V S AKSHIT 19BEE0435

Screenshot of the Notebook for Manual Calculations:

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V S AKSHIT 19BEE0435

Results & Inferences:


1)When this experiment is performed, we came to known that we have seen that
as load current increases voltage drop across the transformer winding is also
increases, hence voltage regulation is increased.

2)Also we came to know that as the load current is increased the efficiency also
increases up to a certain point after this it again starts decreasing.

3)Another important observation is that the relationship between the percentage


regulation and output power is a straight line implies they both are linearly
related.

****************************THE END***************************

V S AKSHIT
19BEE0435

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