Allen Career Institute

Kota

Matrix

(Solutions)

Index

Do Yourself.................2

Exercise O1.................46

Exercise O2.................67

Exercise S1..................92

Exercise S2.................109

Exercise JM...............127

Exercise JA...............150

(i )
i

A ;j = it zj

-14=5

1+2=3 A ,z= I

Ac ,
=
,

2+2=4
Az
I

= 1+6=7 ,

043 ,

2+6=8
Azz 2+4=6 Azz

=
,

matron is

Required
:)

i: :

112) minimum

Lii no -

of zeros

= nl
2

= 4×3 = 6

2-

CID
Milo

minimum no .

Of zeros
-

=
n res

6×5 = 30
=

CD

2 at y =
3 -
-
-
-

a -

→ = 4 .
.
-
-

A -
b = 4 -
-
-
③

l
-
@
2. At 3
-
-

=
-

I
@ a 2. y
-

=
①
-

Using
-

is

③ $④ a
-

1,3=-3
using
-

got social is of elements of leading

sum
diagonal of square Matrix M

a Cb 3 d t C 14 1

toc A Ia 211

3d 1 C 14 1
to B p Ya 211 pcb

1
t ca 211 t r c b 3d 1 C 14

to C
I Eff

211 Rcb 3d c Td

Ma 1
Nca 2 d t Ncb 3 At Ctl 14 0

identity

is an

a 26 0 9d l

b 31 0
Add atbt
Ct I 14 0

Atb 1C min 8 Cat d Il

e Ea

(i ) A -

Bt C = o

c B A
-

-
-

E :

: :
=

: :

[Iz so -3 ]

-
'
=

material C = 2×3
order of

A + B =

called additive

then B is

inverse

Additive inverse

of A

= -
a

Additive inverse
Eg c- AS

= -

EA ) =
A

cis

[I

Btc -

-
'

I] [ I I

E.
'
-

Aest D=

LIE 1%4

=
-
-
-
-

E %

are
Ea 's ] To 87 : -

A
Ea EE Eas

e
-

A Bt Ac =
Isfzo

A CBT

if =

From ①
{

B
LTO
A
-
-

- -

CAB JE

CA B) LA B)
-

f)

f) I

'
-

= '
-

Io

①
Y

= -
- -

F- E I Est §

E
-

.
.

In

AB =
E . .
Es I

Ef

ans
- -

E- Ei Ei H
-
-

EEE


Now Z

ZAB + B

AZ
-

E;

%
-

BT }

From ①

4- LA -

Equating A ,, from

both the

sides
a = t n

6 +

S then their traces

Tg AB BA L
must also be equal

aaa

Nate

for AB BA to be defined AB

BA must be some order

ofAB
and BA must be

Also products
A and B must

for all this

defined matrices of same order

be square

A and B of same

for square matrices CAB BA1 0

order to CAB tr BA to

"

sung: .

E: :3

an

i
-

when

n E 1

Sina

[
cost
A
(fiver)

Sina cos a
-

pas is true .
.
.
-

true for

is

Suppose p

some K E N

foster
sink
Ake
)

Sein ka Corky

aka
Es::

II

- '

Eosins:*

ITEM

= sink

sinking corded
A'

'"

fasciata sinewy

Sin

K
-

couth

pacts is true

when PKS

is true

- - -

and

From ① @

Is

using p.m I

An
Eos sing

=
na

Sin na cos na
-

for all n

F)

c. is A
fi

if

[ I gift:

At = I

Ath to 9)

I =

For all

kf

ans -

Similarly

=L hes 39

Put Is IBD

0=3,2 2C -
1) = - 2

NOW

()4=LAtBPlAtB

ATB
)

[ Flat B ) ) CA )
-113

/ =

'

= Elates

'

similarly
qp = 2 l At B )

Ii 333k$

A
cis
AE I
3)

i z 3 I
- -
-

2
-

-3

Ig

of
-

O O

A is a nilpotent matron

Anti

e. is

at Ei :] EY ! } to :)

Equate Az , a = o

Ai Wtf I azo
,

ANI

Note

It A To It ng A GA't 7nA

N n EN
(

It A) ⇐ 1. I + na to tot . . . . .
to

n
A) -1nA

( 2 t = 2

i• ⑧

:
at BB a' A' at + B.rs?r5

optioned t
.
.

A A -

A ¥B .
B .
B

?A + B. B

= A
B. B =
A' BZ+

+

A . A
B

=
At

?B .rs?B2
'

A8tB8 = a ?a?a?a t b

t B B B B

A
.

.A
.
.

A .
A -

' '
+ B2.BZ

A .
A
-113
=

B B =
A
A t
.

A .

AB
E IET:B

-
' -

. o

In

= -24 s
-

-9 7 9
-

Ig )

* BE
a

-
-
①

R -
H 5-.
= BTAT

Ei E 't

s 3

Ea g)

17 9

= L -

Hrs :

-5 9
from
{ }

( )
AB BTAT

Verified

E
"
At B
I;] it's

EI

I: :
-

LT

t ÷ t

's :
-

's

. .
.

IT

Ez !

now

E: ÷

a
-

verified

E :D

an "
:::

[ 9)

'

= I

.IE:::c:D

E
*a si

::

:
-
-

9]

If

I
-

= -

AT A I
A AT
=

A is
-

an orthogonal matrix

Put in I

aaaaooaa

by biz b13 is anthogonal matrix

bby bby bby

bzftbzztbz3 I Are

but

AT

A =

TE: I

equate

as z

-
a +

? I :o)
at

888

a =

:o)

)t'z( A- AT)

# AT
A ICA

Symmetric

skew -

matron * symmetric

matrix

A AT A

A2 T CAT A T A AT

ATT Aa

pais skew symmetric

1A21 0 101 0 B is wrong

A is skew Sym matrix

AT A

B At Ast Ast At 1A 9

BE AT CADI CAST't fat A9

7 9

BT A CAT 3t AT t AT CAT

BE At C APT C A St C Aft C AP

BE A AS As A 7 As B

B is skew symmetric

i A B is also skew Sym



A A B D given

AT A BI B

for symmetric Matrix ai j

aji

D satisfies

Only option aij age

Et

dam
Ingi

SI ACADIA 15 I

I Al I 152 I A1 15 Am.CC

A AT _A given

AdjCAD Adin

According to statement

Lt Alin adf.CAT property

Adj A

i statement is wrong

B
F
af

Alia flooding

d
So adjoint of a diagonal matrix will also

be a diagonal matrix
property of Adjoint matrix

b Adic 27 2
inns A


T IofrT s

A =
Tai5) sxs

that

we know '

in (Adj AJ
-

Adj a A) =

Adj @ A) =
sstptdjny

= 625 B

that

we know
CAM -2A

Cady A)

adj

3*77

= = 9A

Otago AdiCAD

cetacean

AdjD AdjB lady'M Indi Bl

t

I Aln IBM 1

Ty nis Even IAI IBI

is odd IAI I 1131

Tf n

Now AdiA AdyB

Premultiply A on both sides ACADIA A Adits

LALI A AdiB
I AIB A 11312

Post Multiply B

LAI B 1131A
IAI 1131 A _B
If his

siren

Tf n is odd IAI 11131 A IB

only option

i A is necessarily true


1AdicalicadfA 3
1Adj AdjB 1 316

Let AdiA B
11319 172

316

indica 1 I 316 gainIn I 316 layer 316

173 32cm 133

gin 316 3 Cn 173 8

n 1 2 n 3 NoofElements he 9

I I

A2=

(i)

I IAI = II

I emits
-

A-

Now
AZ I

'
' A' I
A' AA

IA = At

A -_ At

AE ⑨ orthogonal matron

Iior" An

A is

AT A = I

AAT =

FEI AT

ANI BO

Po ? ]

A-

Bde -

'

E:

A
-

fo I:]
Ads AH

-
-

'
/

1 A = 27
'

II #5

'

Now #

'
ft ) )
( Adj

To

En

Arno .

AT A B't B

son

1A R2 o t N G 2
0

6 F N 4

2 4 3 N

8 R ft R 3M 16 6C GG a 8

2 24 217 x o

1212kt 14

8 d NZ 10K 15 16 GR IO 0

4812 80k 140 Rst 10h15m 136k Gotta

120 0

NB 18K 45N O

18 R2 1 characteristic

N 452 0

equationof A

HCA Sum of roots 18

IAI Product of roots o

Also as A will satisfy its characteristic

equation As 18AZ 145A O



SI

 one

-32 =/
⑦

FE

At 29

III:

-
-③

③ -

n -
y +42=0

which is

has infinitely

system solution
many
.

④
on
ranch
dty -12=8 -
-
-

N -
y e- 22=6 -
-
@
③

59-72=14
-

at

3.

IH ÷ : Kitto

I 's 's ' s

unique solution .


Now consider AM 3 am

for agg and Cbi

Exercise O1

(Ig Ig § )
Solt

: -

At 2B = - C ' '

I]

=L !

art B-
* -

& (2)
eqn
Ll )

:3

Solving

⇐÷ ÷

sa
-

-
a

:)

"

f:÷

B
-

&
-

Ts CA) Ts CB )
-

I fi
- ) =

I # →

Soit :

Comparing

2=3

7
y
=

3×-2=2
I

2 Get 1)
=
4 z =

w = 14
W =
7

3g
-

SI

HI

He.tl

a
e fat

to 52
4 13

o Atta 52 14 5 1481 0
1981 161 0

17 12 5

L
ftp.j

Amb

SI

AEK f 31 1

18

ka
I 73,1

Ia I
I

n ka a
f II II b

k 4 only

Am A

ion

: Given order A is 3×4
of
-

let order of B is mxh

Now

if B is a' defined
then

'

columnof B

no -

A = no
of
rows -

of of

'
will be 4×3 order , So

ie

A
of

Cl )-

3. = m

'

& BA is defined
so

similarly
,

n = 4
⑦ -

B is 3×4

order of
'

- -

'

order B is 4×3

of

order A B'
is 4×4

of

[
EH

? -

Gwen PA = B ,
where p =
(p q r]

(Z ! })

'
'
A =

a-

p = B.

Now '
B =
@ o D

A- = dja

y E÷÷÷÷I

( Al T

¥
'

:
-

a-

.

10 -
6 -6

:c:O

% :3 .
:
:

ii:
-

C -23 ]
@ qr]
=

9=3
-2

p I
,q=
-

-
: - ,

so
or
=-3
apt q
-

Scott

: Given ( Al -_ 2 , IBI
-

=3 and let -_ 5

LAY IBI IE 't

't
'

BE =
IA
'

-
-

= ( Bl IAT,
.
-

'

=
(2) (3) Is
-

II Ae

5¥

ni

Cs
i
Es
-

Co :) -
-
=

Is: :3

"

:X: :3 =L:
'

cos

=
m

:X

me: : =

to

ms
e: :o)
=

..

" s

""
"

.
: m =

ooo

=
' 00

,o
? m

set
3) Ea ]
:
I
-
-

Bc =

Co 9 ]

= = I

@)xtsCYx

"
II #
-

. -
-

t tr

Ly
oo
t
-

Iz
-
-

t t
3

6 AE
It
=

Gil CoD ED to

.
-

. . . . . . .

Effie .co :3

:3

. .
. .

to :3 lo :3

.
. . . -

the pattern finally we get

Observing

-11g

1-5+3

{to 99+9,7

t - - -
-

;]
as

co

Eto

Y]

coff Co ?) fo
' '
"

e -

all the

So
observing
the pattern , multiplying

matrices

we
get

+7=479

L:

T
"" -
- -

378

Natl ) =

-
Z

27×28

=) N @ + 1) =

n = 27 Ad

Solti

A @) is neither .

symm nor skew symm

.

::7⇐ :c::3
Now

a=⇐ :-c :

)
E 's:3:
so
-

* a

'
Now

A- =
adja

( A1

Sino COTO = I
I A) +
=

g: :]

i' ol
&:O
a
-

a- *
-

£2

It-and

?
for orthogonal AAT
-

a matrix To be
oooo

Og

by Checking options

So

{
' '

'
Ebi = Eci = I in all
ai
=

it

but option (A) only

3
Eciai =o in
Eaibi = Ebici
.

iz l

-
CA )
'

.
is
orthogonal matrix

?
EH -

let matrix

given

"

n
.

I At =o so it is
singular

It

⇐ I.IE:

a. a- a
-
-

fi I

-
-

- a

-
-

AZ A so matrix is Idempotent

since -_
,

soI=aa=faafId

' '
ab
A- ab

( oisbtab-ab-oi.bz

a' b' a' b

' -

= -

A = O

Nilpotent matrix
ie
.

A is

e--

is

Given ot

A' B'
'
'

As and

are

ABI AB Symmetric matrices

_①

BAT @ B) AT

* =

AT LAB )
.

At BT at

.
.

ABA from eqn ①

matrix
ABA is symmetric
'

- -

soit

: -
we know that
(adj A)
,

A. = IAI In
-

(2-8)+2 ( 2g )

2-

-
'

IAI = x ( yz
-

8) -
3

-128

8k 32
Uy
-

Xyz
-
-

68

( 20) -128 =

= Go -

I §)

68
(adj A)
'

A- = '

-
-

l: :D

O

=
68 O

l
a

50

¥
for

det (A)
-
'

=O no inverse ,

it :÷÷ Ito

R,
Rs -

Rz →

(12-12)+4+1 (-4+4)=0

G-D @ +6 ) >
-

all

ie
this true of

0=0

>
ER

#÷_

IAI = O -
Sind
CO -

C- Smdsmpcossncosp) )
⇐ )

Costco sp O
-

+ Sind Smp nd

In

So
"

A is not defined

:
condition
-

By given
-
.

Es I]

'

A -

fog If

Now
adj A =
-

g
IAI
-

Id

I
'

agin

: a'
-

-
= -

or

sit :D

Exercise O2

cases

8cases

8 cases

.
=
2×2×2

( a ,
y y ) = 8
&
,

k )

\ options ( It

options l ID

L l I 27

options

fins =

✓ a ,
O a
I

characteristic equation la -

xH=o

see

ii.I
3

a- a 1=0

3 O

4-d) C 2- d) C k -

D -
2 ( 2k -

a )

1- 3 -

2
- 6
-13$) = o

42--391-2)

f K -

t ) -

Uk + 4×-24+91=0

x' k -

31k t 2K -
S3 -1322 -

25

24
Uk 131

←
-
= 0

'

( 31-4×2

11=-9

y + f

2k¥29
-

429

Ins of ( 3) R 't 13k - "

b

-129-129=0
:O
f Kt

-2=31-1

=
-

n
(-34-111)×-24-24=0
'
-
zai
I given
-
an -113

on
comparing
.

-13=2
p
=

K 3k -

k= 13=2 C- 1)

I
)
-

go
-
It

14

13=22

Aus


10

option D : lat At =
12A I = Flat

( o
: Ikat =
K' IAI
)

I . Aus A ,
⑥

it

I3

it

① LO

① ②
t

A -
-
f: :)

To B = I

:
3K : H
K

'

( i DC it K

* = -
.

.
A
-

'

ft

"
"
'

El Ps H

"
E IK
-

A' i :)

=
( i: .


2%1
flat

4) 117=8

of
E )

as : a .rs . as

16

it

egg 1B ) =
1211=23121--271

18

1.9

20

iisi Ii.g.i.ieat.iF
ABIEFB
qi.E.SI i CTC At B C
B A B

At B CA
5
BILA 1137 CATBITA 3

I
At B CA BI CA B

Hama
taking
ffIYjjeAtB
µ CT B c I B Te Att BT
µ CT CA 11354 T A B
A B 24 Am B E
CT A B c

ooo
by 2 CT AC 2A

CTA C A Amc

Exercise S1

ago 4
team

say

3 2N 3 2K

y y 3

1 1

on

comparing

3g 2N 3 N 3
y z

the o
Z
y

03

i pca D bq
d
and C of

Cp
Dividing these coins

Ca

a ad It D bc
at l

ad be d

ad be 5050 I

ad bc 5049 Am

as

36 213

me

TE TEE

to

it

is

He

15

Exercise S2

( at
)

: TIE ,
.
=

'
( toof)

'
5
-

: .
P = A
,

l :
It ?

tu 's
-

=L
site
;:
-

. ?

¥
Iii:

'

f P= ]

} Is

Haus
=

soil

ill: :#
t If

=L
-

's 's

=¥E÷
: Es is

:S II -5

* I :

.
.

)
C -

2-1275

=
-

kg 4-3-45
( ) ( o
-
uz )

o -170

Tali :

Tsl ::

A -
-

page

of


Any

Any
=

is;: to
'

=L

3 at C to

and 3 btd to

's:)
fi

:O x -

as
-

1.0

13

14

"I

'

"

=L ! )

15

Exercise JM

of

order
'
'

for square mature

n

Sff " '

lady Ak IAI
'

so Thr n =
2

1adjAl=lA

1AM 2A
-

adj (adj A)

NOI
=

n E- 2

For

adjladjA)=A↳

statements are derived from

both

different properties

Ans

ii. ÷.tl : : :L I:O : :L

d .

% : .li:O: in: : :L

!! ! !/

All are non -

singular

singular
matrices

to atleast 7 non

are there .

tasty

Caaba )

abcd to
Sain
A
-

Let
-

(
abtbd
2)

AZ = a' tbc = I

acted bctd

oitbc =L bctd -

,
acted -=o

abt -
Bd = O
,

atd=oTaE=T

since Cfo ,
b to therefore ✓

i-Th

srsly

AT A BT = B
Soth T
= ,

AIBA) )
(

ALBA ) mT=

het in =

AT

A)
T AT = (AT BT)
.
.

@
.

A ( BA )

= LA B) A =

mature
{ Associativity of

multiplication

ALBA ) and ( AB ) A are symmetric

is thee
.

Stat y -

AB

Now Let it =

NT = B' AT = BA
=

A SB commute
only if

BA = AB

correct
.

Statement (2) is also

statement I
enplanation of
-

but not the

Anstey

know IAT 1=1Al
big
we

as
Al C- IMI Al

and I -

so For 3 order sees symmetric

materia A
ATI A
.

At late
- '
Plat

IATI = 1-

HEY

IAI IAI
#
= -

statement G) is

but statement (2) is false order

because I Al-
-

- IAI for even

only

matrices .

Ants -

Ca )

-
.

SI let u
AUF
Tg
f

IE.tt z.H l

l O 3N 1 22 12 0

Ik 2nt2y s

ya z 3G 121 27 12 0

2 1

o
4

141
Vz
get

we

Similarly

i
11

4 02 Am 11

soif

Ipl =
2h -

6
2

matter adj CA) / =/ At

For 3×3
)

ga
-
s = is
df

any #

At

4
I 351

ok

by observing

pattern

pT

xt o x5 0 using Binomial expansion

It xx

PS

ANY

srsly

Antti

Sorn At A B
'
- B

✓ ,

Taking transpose

ji

m ane

Ill 32 K
I

m woo

33

3 32mi aaa

or ooo

San

4a

U4ntl o 44 1 0 92 4 11

a 4 4 1112 22 2 11 X l 12 11

a 24 2

Also 43 64 7 D C 1 23 1

1 21 8 0 1 2444 0

l l l l l l

AI I l a 42 1 2 42
z I 42 y

I 422

3 1 1 14 I 144L

A t Ith 142 I 1 444 I1 31 3

3 4 4

1 4 142 1 23 23 11

A I 3 O O
A2 I 00

3 O O 3 O O l

O 3 O O I 0

I 0 O l O 0

A4 A AE bf f o of o l o
O O 1
At _I

O l O O I 0

A AH AS A3l At tA3 A AB Aml



SI LI A
fadgbqq.J iAT fazdgf.ge

AA lag 8,11

tr AT a't b'tCH d't e't

f't g't h't it 3

a b C E l O I

For sum to be 3 exactly 3 out of

1 and

a to i must be either 1 or
should be

others here

No of possible ways 95 21212 1

ooo

T the three
selected
femaining

Selects elements entries

outof a toe elements can zero

have values

1 or Ionly

672 Am

Exercise JA

Sol

:
-

matrices

i total no
g

9 13 14

I
"

1-

He

a =
O ⇐

got

sad
-

.
-

meet

THREE Glasses can not

at two distinct points .

2 solutions

ii

Exactly
not possible

are

O
No of matrices

LAI 2kt D

1131 0
snow sign

maturing

Is

Sol

: .

BONUS

* value of Determinant of

= 0

Non -

singular Matrix

order square Matrix}

{ odd

* Det of skew asymmetric

.

¥ O

Solve this question after complex numbers

god

g
an

alar

matrix

→ galas
in

we
P
goff

CA Dl
 TAT

Amc Dl
✓
✓

I
-

{ 03

le
✓ T

ta
? M E o

€7 HD G-at ND
-

-
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THI HIER Ty't PE't

BR koxftty.IE Httt
yT.Ip.oPissymm

Am.ciD
 IP1 12 120

✓
✓

11291 1 KII 1101191 14121

IPICK k3

adj H ) adj (P)

= K .

¥
as
.
.
I = K .

ye .

a
& .
:
:c
;)
oppose
) Salve ① &② a I
-
=

# K 4
②
=
-

Now check

option

Htm B C
 d
4 2

44 3 a 16 1321 48 Sotems
a _1611 121 3 1 5otems
1615015011
2
b 4 50 200
I

u solving
46 by

#
÷
a

a
÷ :o)

Hsb
 Toooo

✓ r

value of all
check the determinant
which is the square
Matrix
Options .

has + we determinant
Matrix
of another
Value .

I! ! =
-
i

toooo :L
i
B)
-

we have

9%191=1 A I

too :O .it : '

we have
G i
 126

72

:÷÷:t÷:÷÷¥÷÷÷:¥
AT

et
 determinant
go

I
Hi ÷ :X
⇐

. .
 E3
z
-
3

g ba G Azb G Azbi G

multiply
ar a2 az bi babigGGG I
a3629 AzbiG CybzCz I
i by
Multiply
9 a2 asbi ba
bigG G I