ANSWER KEY

Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Unit 9 Unit 10

2.
UNIT 1: 1. misses, mixes, washes, watches
2. fries, studies, tries
EXTREME JOURNEYS 3. does, goes
4. stays, walks, sits

GRAMMAR PRACTICE 1
READING 1
1.
1. 1. sleeps
Students’ own answers 2. come
3. are canoeing / I’m really looking
2. 4. gets
Students’ own answers 5. don’t understand
2.
COMPREHENSION CHECK 1. sell
1. 2. bargain
3. am drinking
1. He is planning to travel over 15,000 miles. 4. is going
2. He is finding it hard to breathe because of the 5. is having
humidity. 6. are watching
3. For him, the way that the rainforest comes alive 7. is playing
at night with the noises of so many animals and 8. is listening
insects is amazing. 9. don’t think
4. He sleeps under a net to stop mosquitoes and 10. understands
spiders getting into his bed. 11. get up
5. It is not a good idea to wear a head lamp in the 12. is
forest because you will be covered in moths and 13. are leaving
other insects very quickly. 14. am racing
6. He is looking forward to his raft trip because he 15. am taking
wants to cool himself off. 16. cover
7. He enjoys travelling alone because he feels more 17. am texting
in touch with his surroundings, he is not distracted 18. is starting
by conversation and he can take his own 19. gets
decisions. 20. sets
8. It is important for him to stay focussed on the short- 21. have
term challenges because this helps him to stay
motivated.
VOCABULARY BUILDING 1
2.
1.
1. c
2. j 1. fearless
3. e 2. humid
4. i 3. dark, dense
5. a
6. h 2.
7. f 1. changeable
8. d 2. reliable
9. g 3. adventurous
10. b 4. dense
5. fun
6. foggy
GRAMMAR 1 7. crowded
1. 8. focussed
9. sandy
1. d 10. barren
2. g
3. c 3.
4. e 1. dry
5. b 2. reckless
6. f 3. boiling
7. h 4. depressing
8. a 5. challenging

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LISTENING 1 READING 2
1. 1.
Students’ own answers 1. Giles Cardozo / Neil Laughton / Timbuktu / ‘flying car’
2. Cardozo / working on / three years
2. 3. Skycar / modified car engine / special wing
1. b 4. Cardozo / tested / secret location
2. c 5. forty-two days / ‘empty quarter’ / Sahara Desert
3. c 6. Cardozo / Laughton / travel / support
4. b 7. Cardozo’s company plans / sell the Skycar /
100,000 pounds
5. c 8. expedition / collected 100,000 pounds / charity
6. c 9. money / build / orphanage / Africa
7. a
8. c 2.
9. a 1. True
10. a 2. False
11. c 3. False
4. True
GRAMMAR 2 5. False
6. False
1. 7. False
1. who 8. True
2. the same 9. True
3. do not use
VOCABULARY BUILDING 2
2.
1. David Livingstone 1.
2. The questions 1. b
2. d
3. 3. c
1. did Columbus look for 4. a
2. did Lindberg fly across the Atlantic 2.
3. did Columbus sail west
4. do contestants win in quiz shows 1. woke up – Type b
2. picked up – Type d
3. look after – Type c
GRAMMAR PRACTICE 2 4. break down – Type b
5. ran out of – Type a
1. 6. turn off – Type d
1. When was Pizarro born?
2. Where did he travel as a conquistador? 3.
3. What did he conquer? 1. across
4. Who was Atahualpa? 2. away
5. Who killed most of Atahualpa’s men? OR Who 3. out
did Pizarro and his men kill? 4. up
6. Who destroyed Cuzco? OR What did Pizarro 5. down
destroy? 6. after
7. What city did Pizarro found?
8. Who assassinated Pizarro? OR Who did Pedro GRAMMAR 3
Almagro and his men assassinate?
1.
2. a. 3
1. Who was Robert Scott? b. 4
2. Who did Scott race on his second expedition? c. 2
3. How did Amundsen and his team travel? d. 8
4. What did Scott’s team see when they reached e. 7
the Pole? f. 1
5. What happened to Scott and all his men on the g. 6
return trip?

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GRAMMAR PRACTICE 3 GRAMMAR 4

1. 1.
1. has been pushing 1. They were having an argument.
2. has already covered 2. I’ve broken the vase.
3. has been walking 3. He was offered the job.
4. has just left 4. Do you know my name?
5. has had
6. have been throwing GRAMMAR PRACTICE 4
7. has already collected
8. have given 1.
9. have even put 1. aren’t
2. am
2. 3. have
1. e 4. have
2. g 5. did
3. f 6. do
4. h 7. would
5. d 8. did
6. b 9. was
7. c 10. were
8. a 11. Have
12. have
3. 13. have
1. They’re been travelling for three weeks. 14. Do
2. I’ve had my new computer since July. 15. do
3. They’ve been married for twenty years.
4. I’ve known my teacher since September. 2.
5. They’ve been building the new sports centre since 1. Jim didn’t go to the concert but his sister did.
the summer. 2. I don’t speak French but my friends do.
6. I haven’t finished the latest Inspector Rebus book 3. Mike likes action films and his brother does too.
yet. 4. My parents haven’t been to the US but I have.
5. Mr Smith can’t download music from the internet
LISTENING 2 but his children can.

1. SPEAKING
1. listen for gist 1.
2. listen for a particular piece of information
3. listen intensively A snow, glacier, ice
B beach, sea, waves, swimmers
2. C bushes, dry mountains, desert, sand dune
1. b 2.
2. c
1. a
3. 2. f
3. e
1. False 4. h
2. True 5. d
3. True 6. j
4. True 7. c
5. True 8. b
6. False 9. k
4. 10. i
11. l
1. OK 12. g
2. half way
3. good progress
4. than I thought WRITING
5. really noisy 1.
6. so many / never stop
7. quieter 1. b
8. certainly 2. e
3. a
4. d
5. c

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2. miss home, technology allows you to contact people

1. the square there and watch events you are interested in, but
2. cafes and restaurants there is no point in going travelling if you spend too
3. the square much time on internet.
4. the central courtyard 2.
5. Islamic decoration
6. rooms A holiday is a relatively short break from everyday
7. markets routine, whereas a round-the-world trip is much longer
8. passageways and will include difficult times as well as interesting
9. the stalls ones.
10. the salespeople
11. a park 3.
12. a garden One problem the traveller will experience is arriving
in a new place and finding that it is not as good as
3. expected. Travellers also get tired of always moving
1. a beautiful tall tree around, sleeping in hostels in the same room as other
2. a small square wooden house people, and eating in restaurants all the time. Another
3. a difficult steep muddy path problem for people who travel on their own is that
4. a fascinating massive ancient stone castle the friendships they make are quite superficial. When
5. a vast flat white sand desert people travel together, they sometimes get tired of
6. frightening high dark granite walls each other.

4. 4.
This is a suggested answer. Other versions of the The advantages of technology are that it allows
letter are possible. travellers to contact the people they love and to follow
events they are interested in, even if they are far
103 Jalan Imam Bonjol, away. The disadvantage is that travellers may spend
too much time on internet and not fully experience
Jakarta 17428 the place they are in.
Indonesia
5.
August 17, 2012
Do you think it is justifiable for young people from
Dear Sue, rich western countries to go travelling in poor countries
I arrived here two weeks ago and I am starting to of the third world?
get to know the city. It’s enormous but very exciting. More and more young westerners go travelling in
The most interesting part is Sunda Kelapa. It’s the poor countries of the third world, often as part of a
old port and there are lots of amazing traditional sailing gap-year before they attend university. This has
boats there. It’s very picturesque. advantages and disadvantages for the young people
My favourite place is the night market near the main and the countries they visit.
square. It has hundreds of food stalls selling delicious On the one hand, people in poor countries see
exotic dishes. It’s very cheap and has lots of young westerners with a lot of money, who spend it
atmosphere. on leisure when local people often have to worry
If you come here, you have to visit the Folk about how to feed their families. Sometimes the young
Museum. It’s got replicas of traditional houses from westerners behave badly, which gives a negative
all over the country. You can buy handicrafts and impression of western culture.
watch dancing there. On the other hand, young westerners bring money
I’m going to stay here for a year, so please come to the countries they visit. Many local people make
and visit. The city is really worth it! a living from restaurants, hostels and other aspects
Love, of tourism. Furthermore, only a small number of
Paul travellers behave badly; most of them are sensitive
and establish friendly relationships with local people.
This direct contact helps people from different cultures
to understand each other better.
EXAM PRACTICE
In my opinion, the arguments in favour of young
people travelling outweigh the arguments against.
1. Young people contribute to the economies of the
If you are considering taking a trip around the world, countries they visit. They also usually make local
you need to remember that going on a long trip like friends, which is good for international understanding.
this is not like taking a summer holiday. Long-term In addition, travelling helps young people to become
travellers have many interesting experiences, but more mature. In conclusion, I think it is entirely
not everything is wonderful. You may get tired of justifiable that young westerners go travelling in poor
always moving around and sleeping in hostels, for countries.
example. You will not make many close friends and
travelling with another person can be difficult. If you

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2.
UNIT 2: TALES, FABLES Irregular: fall, write, begin, give, know, make, send
Regular: reply, cheer, want, clap, decide, bury, play,
AND ANECDOTES talk, die, laugh, roll

GRAMMAR PRACTICE 1
READING 1 1.
1. was shining
1. 2. were singing
b 3. was strolling
4. went
COMPREHENSION CHECK 5. was carrying
6. woke
1. 7. was resting
8. was going
1. It was shaped like a pig and it was made of clay. 9. was taking
2. He thought very highly of himself because he 10. lived
contained so much money that he could buy all 11. ran
the other toys in the nursery. 12. knocked
3. It fell on the floor because it got very excited at 13. heard
the idea of putting on a play. 2.
4. They sent him a written invitation because they 1. was walking
were worried that he might not come to the play. 2. heard
5. He said that he would come if he could watch the 3. thought
play from his own home. 4. was following
6. They laughed because although the clock talked 5. got
very seriously about politics, he could not even 6. started
tell the correct time. 7. arrived
7. During the play, the doll got so excited that her 8. touched
neck cracked again and she had to lie down. 9. said
10. left
8. He wanted to mention the doll in his will because 11. was driving
he had enjoyed the play very much and the play 12. was snowing
had been the doll’s idea. 13. were falling
9. He fell to the floor because he moved too close 14. were working
to the edge of his cupboard while he was thinking 15. got
about his will. 16. saw
10. The coins were so happy to be free that they rolled 17. pulled
round and round the nursery. 18. offered
19. lived
2. 20. arrived
21. thanked
1. a cupboard 22. got
2. to mend 23. saw
3. to snort 24. went
4. luckily 25. rang
5. a rocking horse 26. opened
6. to clap 27. handed
7. a will 28. died
8. coins
VOCABULARY BUILDING 1
GRAMMAR 1
1.
1. 1. a
1. c 2. b
2. d 3. a
3. b 4. c
4. f 5. c
5. e 6. c
6. a 7. b
8. c
9. a

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10. a
11. b READING 2
12. c 1.
13. c
14. b 1. f
15. a 2. g
3. b
4. d
LISTENING 1 5. a
6. e
1. 7. c
tropical, ravine, to cross, tree, slippery, spear
3. VOCABULARY BUILDING 2
1. b 1.
2. c 1. b
3. a 2. b
4. c 3. a
5. a 4. a
6. c 5. a
7. b 6. b
8. a 7. b
9. a 8. b
9. a
GRAMMAR 2 10. b
11. b
1. 12. b
1. With had + past participle 13. a
2. With had been + -ing form of the verb 14. b
15. b
2.
1. c GRAMMAR 3
2. b
3. a 3.
4. d 1. When the teacher came in
5. f / e 2. I scanned it for viruses
3. He marked the exams
GRAMMAR PRACTICE 2 4. The runner crossed the finishing line
5. The speeding car passed
1. 6. His girlfriend left
1. I gave the book to a friend after I had read it.
2. I sent the application form to the company after I GRAMMAR PRACTICE 3
had filled it in.
3. Mary and Arthur cleaned the house after all the 1.
guests had left. 1. stole
4. The burglars were finally arrested after they had 2. flew
broken into twenty houses. 3. had seen
5. John realised he didn’t have his keys after he had 4. said
walked up six floors. 5. had thought
6. Lisa removed her pen drive after she had copied 6. decided
all the files. 7. wanted
8. opened
2. 9. fell
10. took
1. had been playing 11. had run
2. had been looking for 12. made
3. had been working 13. talked
4. had been waiting
5. had been living 2.
3. 1. By the time the fire brigade arrived at the fire,
1. had been going out / decided everybody had left the building.
2. had been looking for / found 2. As soon as John had done the washing up, he
3. had been sunbathing / had forgotten sat down to watch The Wire.
4. had already finished / had been discussing

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3. By the time the speaker finished his talk, most 2.

of the audience had fallen asleep or had left the 1. used to work
hall. 2. retired
4. Until I had tried golf, I didn’t believe how difficult 3. used to get up
it was. 4. started
5. would do / used to do
5. After she had signed the letter, she put it into an 6. used to raise
envelope, stuck on a stamp and sent it. 7. used to have / would have
6. Before Kate graduated from university, she had 8. used to make / would make
already met her future husband. 9. used to go / would go
10. used to drive / would drive
11. used to eat / would eat
LISTENING 2 12. used to feed / would feed
13. cleaned
2. 14. used to milk, / would milk
1. Once upon a time 15. used to be
2. sea
3. Typically
4. work SPEAKING
5. shore 1.
6. someone
7. walk Students’ own answers
8. closer
9. reaching down to 2.
10. answered “I thought you were moving to my house and I was
11. hesitated coming here.”
12. tide
13. realize 3.
14. make a difference One day / a thief broke into Nasrudin’s house / and
stole most of his possessions. / The thief took most
4. of the things to his own home / while Nasrudin
b watched from the street.
4.
GRAMMAR 4 At first, Nasrudin had been shocked / but then, / after
1. a few minutes, / he decided to act. / He borrowed a
blanket from a neighbour / and followed the thief to
1. past simple his house / without the thief noticing. / Then, / when
2. infinitive the thief had left to go back to steal more things from
3. would Nasrudin’s house, / Nasrudin entered the thief’s
4. repeated actions house, / lay down / and pretended to go to sleep. /
2. When the thief returned, / he saw Nasrudin and
asked, / “Who are you? / What are you doing in my
1. c house?” / Nasrudin just looked at him, / smiled / and
2. a said calmly: / “I thought you were moving to my house
3. b / and I was coming here.”

GRAMMAR PRACTICE 4 WRITING

1. 1.
1. There used to be an old factory next to our school. b
2. My mother used to be overweight until the doctor
told her to go on a diet. 2.
3. Did you use to wear glasses before you had your Paragraph 1 – (b)
eye operation? Paragraph 2 – (c)
Paragraph 3 – (a)
4. I used to see him every Saturday but then we had
an argument. 3.
5. Sheila didn’t use to work very hard but she 1. arrived
changed after she failed her exams. 2. got
6. Did you use to travel a lot before you got this job? 3. found
7. I didn’t use to read very much when I was a child. 4. had broken into
5. had been
6. rang

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7. came 4.
8. had used Dickens and Andersen stopped being good friends
9. had emptied because when Dickens invited Andersen to stay at
10. had disappeared his house for two weeks, Andersen stayed for five
11. had stolen weeks.
12. had not touched
13. was 5.
14, picked up Do you think it is important to encourage children to
15. said read? Why? Why not?
16. recognised Many people think that children do not read enough
17. had given
these days. In my opinion, reading is a very good
4. habit and it is important to encourage even small
children to start reading. I have two main reasons
This is a suggested answer. Other versions of the
for thinking this.
story are possible.
Firstly, reading helps children develop language
One day, I was walking in the park when I saw a man
skills. Reading is an important part of people’s lives.
dressed in old clothes. He was sitting under a tree
As adults, children will need to get information from
and he had a small box in front of him. When I passed
many different places, for work, leisure and just for
him, I put some money in the cup and walked on.
everyday life. Even the internet is based on the written
Suddenly, the man stood up and started running after
word. Reading also helps children to extend their
me. He was shouting angrily. I ran away. Later, as I
vocabulary and become better communicators.
was leaving the park, I saw the man again. He was
getting into a Rolls Royce! Secondly, reading makes children’s lives richer.
When they read, children learn about other people
and other places. They understand how people think
EXAM PRACTICE and why they do the things they do. Children who
1. read also develop their imaginations. Books can also
encourage children to be more respectful of other
Hans Christian Andersen was a nineteenth-century
people and care for animals and the environment.
Danish writer. He got his love of literature from his
father, who read him books when he was young. After For these reasons, in my view it is extremely
his father died, Hans worked in a factory and a important to encourage children to read. It is good
theatre. When he was fourteen, he moved to for the children and good for the world.
Copenhagen, where he studied music and went to
grammar school, though he was not happy there.
He published his first novel in 1835 after leaving
university. Hans, who was very successful, based
his characters on people whom he knew, though his
style was criticised for not being refined enough.
Hans travelled a lot and became a friend of Charles
Dickens, though they fell out when he stayed too
long in Dickens’ house. Hans died in 1875.
2.
Hans had two hard periods in his life. The first was
when his father died when he was eleven and he
had to go to work in a factory to earn money for his
family. The second was when he was in grammar
school in Copenhagen. The rest of the pupils treated
him very badly because he was much older than the
other children in his class.
3.
Critics were not very complimentary about Hans’
work. They said that his style was not polished
enough and that his stories often did not provide a
clear moral lesson for young readers.

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2.
UNIT 3: 1. I won’t return the books tomorrow.
2. She isn’t going to get married soon.
LOOKING AHEAD 3. They won’t build a school next year.
4. We aren’t going to move to a new house soon.
3.
READING 1
1. Will you have time to finish the project?
2. Are they going to close the old cinema?
1. 3. Are we seeing Aisha tomorrow?
c
GRAMMAR PRACTICE 1
COMPREHENSION CHECK 1.
1. 1. are you doing
1. He wants to design the ship because he has 2. I’m going
thought about the trip longer than any of the other 3. I’ll
people at the meeting. 4. Are you going to
5. I’m starting
2. They are important because they will be the main 6. we’re going to
driving force. 7. I’ll
3. The function of the copper discs will be to absorb 8. are going to be
energy for the power units from the rays of the 9. starts
sun. 10. will
4. The ship will be shaped more like a disc than a 11. I’ll have
cylinder. 12. We’re giving
5. The function of the generator will be to activate 13. I’ll
the power tubes that run the molecular motion 2.
power units.
1. What shall we get him?
6. The ship will be polished so that it does not lose 2. “I’ll get it.”
too much heat through radiation on the side away 3. “Shall I make some tea?”
from the sun. 4. “Shall we stay in and watch TV tonight?”
7. The power units on the sides will steer the ship 5. “I’ll help you with that.”
in the atmosphere.
8. The ship will use atomic hydrogen rockets to steer VOCABULARY BUILDING 1
in space.
9. The ship will avoid meteors by using a radar unit 1.
to activate automatic machinery. 1. d
10. The meeting lasted most of the day. 2. c
3. e
2. 4. b
5. a
1. the rays of the sun 6. i
2. the generator’s 7. h
3. the ship 8. j
4. the power units 9. f
5. in the hold 10. g
6. Arcot and the others
2.
GRAMMAR 1 1. a car park
2. a waiting room
1. 3. a suitcase
1. b 4. a speedboat
2. f 5. suncream
3. d
4. a 3.
5. h 1. credit card
6. g 2. weather forecast
7. c 3. alarm clock
8. e 4. suncream
5. disc jockey
6. goalkeeper

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7. light switch 2.
8. homework 1. will have risen / will have lost
2. will be flying / will be sitting
LISTENING 1 3. will be living
4. will have finished / will be having
1.
1. T 3.
2. F 1. This time next month, my sister will be travelling
3. F to Hawaii on her honeymoon.
4. F 2. By next Friday, I will have finished the novel that
5. F you lent me.
6. T 3. What will you be doing this time tomorrow?
2. 4. When will you have paid for your new car?
1. a 5. By the end of the century, many people will be
2. c living in the countryside.
3. l
4. j
5. b READING 2
6. g 1.
7. i
8. n 1. b
9. h 2. d
10. m 3. a
11. f 4. c
12. e
13. k 2.
14. d 1. The population of the world at the start of the last
century
GRAMMAR 2 2. The predicted population of the world in 2050
3. The rate of population growth in the 49 poorest
1. countries in the world
in progress 4. The number of countries in which the population
is expected to fall by 2050
2.
5. The percentage of the population that is over 60
1. will in many developed countries
2. won’t
3. be 6. The fraction of the population of developing
4. Will countries that will be over 60 in 2050
5. verb
VOCABULARY BUILDING 2
3.
finished 1.
1. c
4. 2. d
1. will 3. a
2. won’t 4. b
3. have
4. have 2.
5. past participle 1. His girlfriend got him a new watch.
2. I won’t be getting home till late tonight.
GRAMMAR PRACTICE 2 3. It’s getting hotter.
4. Jane is getting her house painted.
1.
3.
1. will have done
2. will be doing 1. b
3. will have found 2. g
4. will be using 3. e
5. will have stopped 4. h
5. d
6. c
7. f
8. a

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2. The plan was that John would try to get the tickets
GRAMMAR 3 before they sold out.
2. 3. The last time I saw him, he was going to try to
1. The Academy is due to announce the Nobel Prize get an Erasmus grant in an English-speaking
for Literature today. country.
2. John is bound to be late; he always is.
3. They are about to solve the problem. GRAMMAR PRACTICE 4
4. Car sales are likely to go down this year. 1.
5. I was on the point of leaving when Karen phoned. 1. were coming
2. would get
GRAMMAR PRACTICE 3 3. would be
4. was having
1. 5. was going to tell
1. are likely to replace 2.
2. are bound to take over
3. are on the point of discovering 1. Margaret Thatcher said in 1974 that it would be
4. are due to take over years before a woman became PM.
5. are likely to produce 2. The New York Times said that a rocket would
6. is due to create never be able to leave the Earth’s atmosphere.
7. is bound to be used 3. Napoleon said that no ship would sail against
8. are likely to live currents with a bonfire under her decks.
9. are sure to reduce 4. Decca Recording Co executives said in 1962 that
10. are bound to be they weren’t going to sign the Beatles. They said
2. they didn’t like their sound, and that guitar music
was on the way out.
1. Mark and Beth are likely to break up.
5. Darryl Zanuck said in 1946 that television wouldn’t
2. House prices are bound to fall as a result of the last. He said that people would soon get tired of
surplus. staring at a plywood box every night.
3. The Prime Minister is due to announce his new 6. Wilbur Wright said in 1901 that man would not
cabinet this afternoon. fly for 50 years.
4. Alistair White, the best-selling crime author, is
about to publish a new book in a few days.
SPEAKING
LISTENING 2 1.
a
2.
1. c 2.
2. a 1. P
3. d 2. P
4. b 3. R
4. P
3. 5. R
1. 1943 6. RF
2. 1977 7. RF
3. 1926 8. RF
4. 1927 9. P
10. RF
4. 11. P
1. business 12. RF
2. wrong 13. P
3. foot 14. RF
4. mark 15. P
5. never 16. RF
6. wrong 17. RF
18. RF
GRAMMAR 4
WRITING
2.
1. We were meeting at 8 pm but I never made it 1.
because of a traffic jam. b–e–d–a–c

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2. 5.
1. in my opinion Why do you think people believe in astrology?
2. I think
3. I have two main reasons for thinking this. Astrology has been with us for a very long time.
4. Firstly Even nowadays, in the ‘information age’, many people
5. Secondly still like to read their horoscopes in magazines or
6. In today’s world ask ‘experts’ to predict their future. I think there are
7. Nowadays several reasons for this.
8. As a result Firstly, I think some people are very superstitious.
9. For these reasons When they are small, their parents tell them stories
10. Not only… but also about magic and about fantasy characters. When
you learn things when you are a child, they often
3. become part of your personality.
1. In my opinion Secondly, I think that many people are rather
2. I have two main reasons for thinking this. unhappy in their lives. When they read a horoscope,
3. Firstly they choose the best predictions and forget the other
4. Nowadays ones. This gives them hope that their lives will get
5. As a result better.
6. Secondly
7. In today’s world Finally, I think that human beings need to believe
8. For these reasons in something. In many parts of the world, especially
9. I think in the West, many people no longer believe in
10. Not only organised religion. For some of these people,
astrology is an alternative.
Exam Practice These are the main reasons why I think that people
believe in astrology.
1.
Astrologers claim that they can make predictions
about natural events and people’s lives depending
on the position of the Moon, the Sun, the stars and
planets when they were born. The history of astrology
began 3000 years ago and people in the Middle East,
India and China all used astrology. In the West,
modern astrology goes back to the Greeks.
Christianity was against astrology, but people started
believing in it again during the Renaissance. Many
famous people, including Nancy Reagan, J.P. Morgan
and Albert Einstein believed in astrology. Critics say
that astrological predictions are often vague, and
that there is no proof that the planets cause events
on Earth. They also say that people believe in
astrology because they want to.
2.
Astrologers believe that a person’s life and
personality are influenced by the position of the
planets when they were born. They also believe that
there is a connection between the planets and some
natural disasters on Earth.
3.
Astrology became less popular in Europe because
most people started believing in Christianity.
4.
Sceptics have three main reasons for not believing
in astrology. Firstly, they say that astrologers’
predictions are often vague. Secondly, they argue
that just because the planets are in a certain position,
this does not mean that they are the cause of things
that happen on Earth. Finally, they point out that
people only look at the correct predictions and forget
about the ones that were not true.

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GRAMMAR PRACTICE 1
UNIT 4: EAT, DRINK AND 1.
BE HAPPY! 1. People wouldn’t download free music if CDs
weren’t so expensive.
2. My mother is a shop assistant in a department
READING 1 store and my dad works as a nurse.
3. Before becoming Prime Minister, David Cameron
1. was an MP.
4. I’d like to live in an old house in the country.
Why does the author consider the Dukan diet to be 5. Do you drink a glass of hot milk before going to
extreme? bed?
6. I think Carla is the brightest girl in her class.
COMPREHENSION CHECK 7. Do you think the new government will raise taxes
after the elections?
1.
8. Which is longer: the Amazon or the Mississippi?
1. The author considers the Dukan diet to be extreme 9. I found a one-pound coin on the seat of the taxi
because people who follow this diet eat mostly we took to the airport.
meat.
10. I would love to travel to the North Pole in a sleigh
2. People spend millions on tablets and food pulled by huskies.
supplements that help them to lose weight, stop
them getting ill, make them feel more energetic 2.
or help them to live longer.
3. Some people look on internet to see if they can 1. a
find a miracle product that will help them to stay 2. an
healthy for longer. 3. the
4. –
4. Some people prefer traditional ways of staying 5. an
healthy because they are suspicious of the latest 6. –
fashions. 7. the
5. Alexander the Great enjoyed apples. 8. an
6. In ancient times, the apple was a symbol of love. 9. a
7. Eating apples has been shown to reduce LDL 10. a
(‘bad’ cholesterol). 11. the
8. Drinking apple juice reduces breathing difficulties 12. –
in children who have asthma. 13. the
9. Eating apples protects brain cells from a kind of 14. the
damage that leads to Alzheimer’s disease, and 15. a
also reduces the risk of developing lung cancer. 16. the
10. They think that eating apples may extend people’s 17. the
lives because they found that fruit flies which were 18. a
given apple extract lived ten percent longer than 19. the
flies that ate a normal diet. 20. a
21. a
2. 22. a
1. healthy 23. –
2. diet 24. the
3. searched 25. the
4. pick 26. –
5. myth 27. a
6. daily 28. a
7. protect
8. damage VOCABULARY BUILDING 1
1.
GRAMMAR 1 1. V
1. 2. M
1. b 3. FR
2. a 4. V
3. c 5. F
4. f 6. M
5. d 7. F
6. e 8. FR
7. i 9. V
8. j 10. V
9. h 11. F
10. g 12. FR

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13. S 4. There are other things to keep in mind.

14. SP 5. That leads to real health problems.
15. V
16. V
17. SP GRAMMAR 2
18. S
19. M 1.
20. SP 1. some
21. S 2. any
22. M 3. some
23. M
24. F 2.
25. SP 1. large quantities
26. M 2. small quantities
3. nothing
2. 4. more
1. bag 5. less
2. barrel 6. correct
3. bottle
4. bowl GRAMMAR PRACTICE 2
5. box
6. can 1.
7. carton 1. anything
8. jar 2. any; some
9. loaf 3. any
10. leg 4. something
11. mug 5. any
12. packet 6. anything
13. piece
14. slice 2.
15. tin
16. tub 1. There’s not much milk in the fridge.
2. We’ve got a few raisins.
3. 3. There’s plenty of cream.
4. I eat very little bread.
1. as easy as pie 5. There’s almost no sugar left.
2. full of beans 6. There’s very little you can do to help.
3. to spill the beans
4. the apple of my eye 3.
5. to cry over spilt milk
6. in a nutshell 1. a little
7. a bad egg 2. a few; a little
8. half baked 3. a little
9. to upset the apple cart 4. few
5. little
6. a few
LISTENING 1 7. Few
1.
1. c READING 2
2. 1.
1. A nutritious, balanced diet is essential. water
2. No, it isn’t. 2.
3. You need to read the label.
1. F
4. Dry food costs less per serving and its nutrients 2. F
are more concentrated. 3. T
5. It always contains some starch. 4. F
6. Feeding too much is one of the most common 5. F
mistakes.
7. Feeding too much and lack of exercise VOCABULARY BUILDING 2
8. Feeding twice a day is better for the digestive
system. 1.
1. achievable
3. 2. remarkable
1. Everyone is keen to hear what you have to tell us. 3. dangerous
2. Great to be here again. 4. functional
3. How do you know which one is right? 5. logical

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6. beautiful 7. Eating
7. careful / careless 8. reducing
8. harmful / harmless 9. transporting
9. courageous 10. to produce
10. acidic 11. having
11. attractive 12. shopping
12. controversial
13. inventive 2.
14. persuasive 1. You should avoid eating heavy meals before doing
15. breathless exercise.
16. hopeful 2. When I travel, I prefer eating the local food to going
17. groundless to fast food restaurants.
18. tasteful / tasteless 3. Drinking lots of orange juice will help you prevent
19. peaceful colds.
20. disastrous
4. I don’t mind doing the cooking if you do the
2. washing up afterwards.
1. dirty 3.
2. good
3. dark 1. I don’t mind doing the shopping
4. stupid 2. I can’t stand ironing shirts.
5. hot 3. I prefer playing football to watching it on TV.
6. rare 4. We got up really early so as to get to the airport
7. shallow on time.
8. easy 5. Golfers wear a glove in order to have a better
9. close grip.
10. terrible
11. dishonest
12. noisy LISTENING 2
13. complicated
14. ordinary 1.
15. narrow 1. eating disorder
2. eating properly
3. 3. notice
1. NG 4. your family
2. G 5. you change
3. G 6. eating normally again
4. NG 7. fully recovered
5. G
6. NG 2.
7. G c
8. NG
9. NG 3.
10. NG 1. when she started working as a model
11. G
12. NG 2. 40 kilos
13. G 3. Food was the enemy.
14. NG 4. drink lots of water and fizzy drinks
15. NG 5. She would eat meals and then make herself sick
after each meal.
GRAMMAR 3 6. She became ill and had to go to hospital.
7. She was sent to a special clinic and little by little
1. she got used to eating once a day.
1. d 8. She loves her food now.
2. b
3. a GRAMMAR 4
4. c
1.
GRAMMAR PRACTICE 3 1. be used to
2. get used to
1.
1. eating 2.
2. to reduce 1. present perfect
3. Producing 2. past simple
4. to raise 3. will + infinitive
5. using 4. present continuous
6. to grow 5. present simple

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proved that eating only fast food is very bad for a

GRAMMAR PRACTICE 4 person’s health. Fast food contains many harmful
1. ingredients. Readers should remember this before
they eat more fast food.
1. I’m not used to working so hard.
2. I am getting used to wearing a suit to work. Exam Practice 4
3. Did you use to watch cartoons when you were a
kid? 1.
4. I’m used to eating less chocolate now. Freegans are people who live from the food that
5. I’ll never get used to this rainy weather! supermarkets throw away. Nowadays, many people
6. Have you got used to chatting with your new smart in Britain are poor, because the cost of food has
phone? increased much more than the minimum wage.
Charity organisations give free food to the poor, but
2. the law does not allow them to give out food that is
1. get used to wearing past its sell-by date. The government wants
2. used to living supermarkets to change their system for labelling
3. get used to watching food, but the supermarkets do not want to confuse
4. get used to eating their customers. Supermarkets and food manufacturers
5. didn’t use to like waste a lot of food, but ordinary homes waste a lot
6. Did you use to read more. The government is trying to stop people
7. I’m used to jogging throwing out so much food.
3. 2.
1. I’m not used to speaking English all the time. The food that supermarkets throw out is becoming
2. She’s not used to the silence. more valuable because more and more people in
3. I’ll have to get used to taking the underground to the United Kingdom have to live with less than 60
work. percent of the national average. These people are
4. I’m not used to getting up so early. poor because the cost of food has increased much
5. I’m not used to my new trainers. more than the minimum wage.
6. I didn’t use to play in the street when I was a child. 3.
The government wants supermarkets to change the
SPEAKING way they label food because the label they use at
1. the moment does not give information about when
it is safe to eat food.
1. c
2. d 4.
3. a In order to encourage people to throw out less food,
4. f the government has started a campaign that shows
5. b people other ways to use food that they would
6. e normally throw away.
WRITING 5.
What can be done to encourage people to stop
1. wasting food at home?
a) Para 2
b) Para 3 I think several things can be done to encourage
c) Para 1 people to stop wasting food at home. Firstly, I think
d) Para 2 the government should tell people how much food
e) Para 3 our society wastes. This will make people more
f ) Para 4 conscious of the problem.
g) Para 1
Secondly, the government can give people
2. practical ideas about how to make better use of food.
a) Step 3 For example, they could suggest recipes for using
b) Step 1 food that is past its sell-by date. They could also tell
c) Step 4 people which foods are dangerous when they are
d) Step 2 old, for example, meat and eggs, and which are still
safe to eat, like, for example, pasta and rice. To do
3. this, the government could make a special programme
This is a suggested answer. Other versions are for television and publish articles in women’s
possible. magazines.
In this article, the author discusses fast food. He Finally, I think that the government should force
explains that people do not eat much home-cooked supermarkets and food manufacturers to waste less
food any more. Americans spend huge amounts of food. If they do this, ordinary people will be more
money on fast food. Fast food is very addictive and prepared to make an effort to stop wasting food in
fast food companies use special techniques to attract their everyday lives.
young children. The documentary ‘Supersize me’

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3. a
UNIT 5: THE LAW 4. e
5. d
2.
READING 1 1. needn’t
1. 2. didn’t need to
3. needn’t have
Translations are given in Castilian Spanish. Students
with a different first language may wish to translate
into that language. GRAMMAR PRACTICE 1
1. culto 1.
2. ponerse 1. mustn’t
3. salir 2. shouldn’t
4. razones, argumento 3. mustn’t
5. laico
6. cortar 4. Did you have to
7. césped 5. don’t have to
8. tirar de la cadena 6. had to
9. prohibir 7. shouldn’t
10. actividad comercial 8. must
11. juegos de azar
12. multado 2.
13. silbando 1. You don’t need to take me to the airport.
14. tarareando 2. You should take warm clothes.
15. poner mala cara 3. You shouldn’t take a taxi.
4. You don’t have to wear a uniform.
COMPREHENSION CHECK 5. Did you have to wear a uniform at your school?
1. 6. You mustn’t disturb your brother while he’s studying.
1. He had to put on his best clothes and go to church. 3.
2. Because lawmakers think that people should go
to church, or at least not drink, on Sunday 1. didn’t need to go
mornings. 2. needn’t have worried
3. needn’t have bought
3. Nowadays, people do not have to go to church
and for many people Sunday is not a religious 4. didn’t need to wait
celebration, but a day to relax and eat with friends 5. needn’t have cooked
and family.
4. Mowing your lawn and flushing the toilet after 10 VOCABULARY BUILDING 1
pm are prohibited on Sundays in Switzerland.
1.
5. Because washing your car or hanging out your
clothes are not noisy activities. 1. d
6. The text mentions a regulation that bans Sunday 2. c
trading but allows people to buy and sell carrots. 3. f
7. Women who are not married have to be careful 4. i
if they go parachuting in Florida on Sundays. 5. n
6. j
8. Whistling and humming are mentioned. 7. e
2. 8. k
9. a
1. look forward to
2. noon 10. b
3. find out 11. g
4. in trouble with 12. h
5. have its fair share of 13. l
6. end up in 14. m
7. play it safe 15. o
8. be in a bad mood
2.
GRAMMAR 1 Again, translations are given in Castilian Spanish.
1. Students with a different first language may wish to
translate into that language.
1. b
2. c 1. celda

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2. escena del crimen 4. You’re not allowed to / You can’t work in a bar or
3. una condena leve a betting shop.
4. miembro de un jurado 5. You’re not allowed to / You can’t get married
5. ladrón without your parents’ permission.
6. matón 6. You’re allowed to / You can ride a 50cc motorcycle.
7. juez 7. You’re allowed to / You can drive a car if you pass
8. control de carretera your driving test.
9. testigo
8. You’re allowed to / You can become a blood donor.
10. sospechoso
11. traficante de drogas 9. You’re not allowed to / You can’t get a tattoo.
12. caco 10. You’re allowed to / You can vote in elections.
13. banda 11. You’re allowed to / You can get married without
14. coartada your parents’ consent.

LISTENING 1 2.
1. 1. Her parents don’t let her get a tattoo.
1. States 2. We had to learn the lessons by heart at school.
2. 66 3. Do your parents make you tidy your room every
3. 3 day?
4. driving licence 4. I wasn’t allowed to watch TV until I finished my
5. 25 homework.
6. different
7. 110 kilometres an hour 5. Our teacher didn’t let us leave the school
8. fined premises.
9. pump your own fuel 6. Are you allowed to get a piercing?
2. 7. Do your teachers make you call them ‘Sir’ and
‘Miss’?
1. h
2. f 8. We had to run around the football pitch three
3. k times.
4. i
5. j READING 2
6. l
7. a 1.
8. d 1. c
9. e 2. b
10. b
11. c 2.
12. g
We can deduce that statements 1 and 2 are true.
GRAMMAR 2 VOCABULARY BUILDING 2
1.
1.
1. can; could
2. can’t 1. Australian
3. Could 2. Korean
4. May 3. Taiwanese
4. Maltese
2. 5. Iraqi
6. Pakistani
1. c 7. Israeli
2. a 8. Icelandic
3. d 9. Danish
4. b 10. Irish
GRAMMAR PRACTICE 2 2.
1. British
1. 2. Vietnamese
1. You’re not allowed to / You can’t drive a car. 3. Turkish
2. You’re allowed to / You can drink beer in a pub if 4. Spanish
you’re with an adult. 5. Cypriot
6. Panamanian
3. You’re allowed to / You can work full time if you’ve 7. Chinese
chosen to leave school.

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8. Greek
9. Yemeni LISTENING 2
10. Bangladeshi 1.
11. Jordanian
12. Thai 1. D
13. Fijian 2. A
14. Brazilian 3. E
15. Kuwaiti 4. C
16. Swiss 5. B
3. 2.
1. Swede 1. c
2. Italian 2. d
3. a
3. Englishman / Englishwoman 4. b
4. African
5. Frenchman / Frenchwoman 3.
6. Dane 1. Three drug smugglers were arrested.
7. Greek 2. They set up several road blocks.
8. Scot 3. They obtained the picture from a street
surveillance camera.
9. Dutchman / Dutchwoman
4. She hit him with her handbag.
10. German
5. He was far too big for the window.
GRAMMAR 3
1.
GRAMMAR PRACTICE 4
1. b 1.
2. d 1. could
3. a 2. was able to
4. c 3. was able to
4. couldn’t
2. 5. could
1. c 6. couldn’t
2. b
3. a 2.
1. won’t be able to
GRAMMAR PRACTICE 3 2. I haven’t been able to
3. will be able to
1. 4. would be able to
1. must 5. will be able to
2. can’t 6. haven’t been able to
3. might
4. can’t 3.
5. must 1. The mechanic managed to repair our car in half
6. might an hour.
2. 2. With a lot of hard work, Karen succeeded in getting
her degree in architecture.
1. d
2. f 3. Were you able to get tickets to the concert?
3. a 4. I shouldn’t have bought a second-hand car.
4. c 5. I could have picked you up if I’d known you were
5. b coming.
6. e 6. You should have cleaned the house before your
3. parents arrived.
1. James must have passed the exam.
2. You can’t have seen her yesterday. SPEAKING
3. The teacher might not have heard you. 1.
4. The wallet might have fallen out of your pocket. Witness 1 and Witness 2
5. He can’t have got lost. 2.
6. The home team must have scored a goal. 1. C
2. C

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3. UC 2.
4. UC ‘Recreational violence’ is violence that is motivated
5. C by the desire to have fun or steal things, rather than
6. UC by a political or other serious cause.

WRITING 3.
The reason that some commentators think there is
1. a problem with the prison system is that about three
C quarters of the adults who were arrested during the
riots had committed a crime previously. This shows
2. that prisons do not re-educate people effectively.
1. i
2. g 4.
3. j The journalist suggests that when bankers behave
4. b in an immoral way, by paying themselves large
5. d bonuses, other people in society think that they can
6. a behave in an immoral way too.
7. e
8. h 5.
9. c Do you think riots like the ones in England could
10. f happen in your country? Why or why not?
3. I do not think that riots like the ones in England
1. B could happen in Spain at the moment. However, they
2. A might happen in the future. I have several reasons
3. C for thinking this.
4. A Firstly, Spain does not have such a violent culture
5. B as England. In Spain, it is fairly safe to walk the streets
6. C at night, whereas in England you have to be very
7. B careful. There are not so many gangs in Spain and
8. B normally, people do not get drunk and start looking
9. C for a fight.
10. A
Secondly, Spanish families are stronger than
4. families in England. Even though we have a lot of
1. f unemployment, many young people live at home
2. a and their parents help them. We also have a large
3. h black economy, which means that the real
4. e unemployment figures are lower than the official ones.
5. g However, I think that people are starting to get
6. c angry with politicians and bankers. We already have
7. b movements like the 15-M. If the crisis gets worse,
8. d and if politicians cannot find solutions, perhaps young
people will get desperate. If that happens, then I think
Exam Practice we could have riots like in England.
1.
In August 2011, serious rioting in London and in other
English cities caused more than 200 million pounds’
worth of damage. Five people died during the riots,
and the police arrested more than 3,000 people.
Authority figures condemned the violence. Some of
them blamed black gang culture, and most agreed
that the rioters had been looking for fun, and were
not interested in politics. Other commentators
suggested alternative reasons for the violence,
including problems in the prison system,
unemployment and drugs, poverty, and government
cuts. One journalist said that privileged people like
bankers and politicians were a bad example for the
rest of society.

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GRAMMAR PRACTICE 1
UNIT 6: FILMS 1.
1. Is Sam Worthington the actor who plays one of
READING 1 the young Mossad agents?
2. Helen Mirren is the actress who got an Oscar for
1. ‘The Queen’.
Most positive: review A 3. Berlin is a city where I’d like to live.
Most negative: review B
4. I really like espionage films that take place during
the Cold War.
COMPREHENSION CHECK 5. I saw a German film about a man who spies on
1. the lives of other people.
1. The action takes place in the 1960’s and the 1990’s. 6. That’s the actor whose performance in ‘Forrest
2. The agents claimed to have killed a Nazi war Gump’ won him an Oscar.
criminal, but he is still alive. 2.
3. The writer of review A thinks that people who like 1. I don’t know the woman you were talking about.
action and intrigue will enjoy the film.
2. Do you know a shop where I can buy old film
4. The writer of review B thinks that the positive posters?
aspects of the film are its story and the
performances by some of the actors. 3. I would like to watch more films whose actors have
British accents.
5. The writer thinks that the negative aspects of the
film are its slow pacing, the fact that there are 4. We drove past the house where I used to live.
not enough action scenes, its predictable ending 5. This is the film that everybody wants to see.
and the fact that Helen Mirren only appears at 6. That’s my friend whose grandfather worked in
the beginning and the end of the film, in spite of Hollywood.
her name appearing as starring in the film.
7. They live in a beautiful mansion that was built
6. The writer of review C thinks that the positive 100 years ago.
aspects of the film are the script and the excellent
performances by some of the actors. 8. Yesterday I saw a girl on the beach whose beauty
took my breath away.
7. The writer thinks that the negative aspects of the
film are the fact that the scenes that take place 3.
in the ‘90s are not as convincing as those from These are suggested answers only. Other definitions
the ‘60s, and its poor ending. are possible for some of the words.
8. The positive aspects of the film mentioned by all
the writers are the story and the acting. 1. A widow is a woman whose husband has died.
2. 2. A cash-point is a place where you can get money.
1. starring 3. A witness is a person who sees a crime or an
2. former accident.
3. superbly crafted 4. An orphan is a person whose parents have died.
4. deal with 5. An au-pair is a young person who lives in a house
5. shameful and helps with the children.
6. pacing 6. A calculator is a device that does mathematical
7. misleading calculations.
8. straightforward
9. barely believable
10. worthwhile VOCABULARY BUILDING 1
1.
GRAMMAR 1 Types of film: blockbuster, horror, comedy, epic,
1. western, drama, thriller, animated, horror, flop,
1. who / that musical, documentary
2. whom / that Elements of a film: set, ending, script, sequel, start,
3. that / which scene, costumes, location, remake
4. where People who work in the film industry: director,
5. whose actor/actress, cameraman, producer, stuntman,
2. scriptwriter, extras, double, make-up artist
1. the object
2. cannot
3. at the end

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2. 3.
1. horror 1. Historical dramas are less entertaining than action
2. actor films.
3. scriptwriter 2. Horror films are not as instructive as documentaries.
4. Stuntmen
5. musical 3. Being a stuntman is more dangerous than being
6. documentary an extra.
7. extras 4. It’s the best film I’ve seen in my life.
8. flop 5. A remake is sometimes better than the original
9. double film.
10. sequel
11. set
12. blockbuster READING 2
1.
LISTENING 1 b
1. 2.
1. blockbusters, sequels, remakes, actor, actress, 1. the film ‘Avatar’
character, film, director, critic, masterpiece, special 2. James Cameron
effects, adaptation, box office, flop 3. Jake Sully
4. Pandora
2. 5. the Navi
c 6. Neytiri
3.
1. director VOCABULARY BUILDING 2
2. director 1.
3. director
4. character in a film Extremely positive: adore
5. actor Very positive: love
6. actress Positive: like
7. actor Negative: dislike
Very negative: hate
4. Extremely negative: detest
1. It likes remakes because they are less of a gamble 2.
than an original project. 1. enjoy
2. King Kong 2. be keen on
3. They were much better than in the original film 3. fascinating
and they won over many people who did not 4. dread
believe that remakes could be better than the 5. be passionate about
original films. 3.
4. Fame, The Karate Kid, The Omen Extremely positive: long for, be passionate about
5. It used the same screenplay, music and camera Very positive: fascinating, look forward to, desire
techniques. Positive: enjoy, be keen on, be fond of, care for, feel
6. It was not scary enough. The character was too affection for
ordinary and did not transmit insecurity. Negative: -
Very negative: hate, cannot stand, cannot bear
GRAMMAR PRACTICE 2 Extremely negative: despise, loathe, be repelled by,
1. appalling, disgusting, repulsive, dread
1. the 4.
2. as 1. I loathed the film.
3. in
4. – 2. I cannot bear people telling me how a film ends.
5. in 3. I’m not very keen on horror movies.
2. 4. I’m really looking forward to seeing the new Star
Wars movie.
1. worse
2. cheaper 5. His new film is about a woman who is very fond
3. best of her dog.
4. warmer 6. She thinks that violence in the cinema is repulsive.
5. more loudly
6. easier

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c) Speaker 1
GRAMMAR 3 d) Speaker 4
1. e) Speaker 6
1. non-essential f) Speaker 3
2. are
3. don’t use; cannot GRAMMAR 4
4. which
5. written 1.
1. too
2. 2. enough
1. My sister Mary, who lives in Brighton, works as 3. enough
a tourist guide. (ND) 4. enough
2. We stayed at the youth hostel that you
recommended. (D) GRAMMAR PRACTICE 4
3. Cyril won the poetry competition, which came as 1.
a surprise. (ND)
1. Some films are just too long for me.
4. Stella, whose job involves travelling, is frequently
away from home. (ND) 2. There’s too much violence in the Saw series.
5. Cary Grant, whose real name was Archibald 3. You are not old enough to watch that kind of films.
Leach, was born in Bristol. (ND) 4. We’re not going fast enough to get there on time.
6. The new shopping centre, which will have 150 5. Are you sure there are enough drinks for the party?
shops, will open soon. (ND)
2.
1. so
GRAMMAR PRACTICE 3 2. such a
1. 3. so
1. who 4. so
2. which 5. such
3. which 6. so
4. who 7. such
5. whose 3.
6. where 1. The problem was not easy enough for me to solve.
2. 2. It’s ages since I’ve seen such a good film.
1. A friend of mine, who lived two years in Japan, 3. It isn’t warm enough to eat outside today.
helped me translate the letter. 4. I can’t believe you bought such an expensive
2. The accident, which involved thirty cars, took place phone.
during the busiest time of the day. 5. Her performance was so good that she won an
3. Norman Foster, who is a world-famous architect, Oscar.
is going to design the new art centre. 6. The tickets are not cheap enough for me to go.
4. Bali, where a lot of famous people have houses, 7. They were so tired that they fell asleep during
is a beautiful island. the film.
5. Pedro, whose English is very good, lived in New 8. The venue was too small for so many people.
York for five years.
6. The London Underground, which is called the
Tube, is one of the oldest in Europe. SPEAKING
7. The Empire State Building, which was built in 1.
1931, is one of New York’s tallest buildings. a) 2
8. Gaudi, whose ancestors came from France, b) 1
designed the Sagrada Familia. c) 4
d) 3
LISTENING 2
1.
1. Speaker 1
2. Speakers 2, 3, 4, 5 WRITING
3. Speaker 6
1.
2. 1. f
a) Speaker 2 2. b
b) Speaker 5 3. e

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4. h 5.
5. d What do you think are the advantages and
6. a disadvantages of being a successful actor in
7. c
8. g Hollywood?
2.
Paragraph 1: b, f, c In my opinion, being a successful Hollywood actor
Paragraph 2: d has many advantages. Firstly, you are rich, which
Paragraph 3: h means you can live in a beautiful house, go to great
Paragraph 4: g, a, e parties, meet beautiful people and travel anywhere
3. you want. Secondly, if you are successful, you can
a choose the films you want to act in. You can control
4. your career. Finally, you can use your money to help
other people, like Angelina Jolie, who supports
1. excellent UNICEF, or Richard Gere, who publicises the
2. superb
problems of Tibet.
5. However, being successful in Hollywood also has
Positive comments: fantastic, impressive, first-class, disadvantages. In my view, the main problem is that
wonderful, entertaining, stunning, dramatic, excellent you do not have any privacy. Everywhere you go,
Negative comments: second-rate, slow, predictable, the paparazzi are there, trying to take photos of you
dreadful, poor, dull, unimpressive and your family and friends. They even try to steal
photos of you in your own house! I think this must
Exam Practice be extremely stressful. Another disadvantage is that
1. Hollywood is very competitive. You never know who
your real friends are, and who is your friend just
Many young people who want to be actors arrive in because you are successful.
Hollywood every year. In order to get auditions, they
need to have an agent, and agents only take on To sum up, I think that life as a successful actor
people who are special in some way. Auditions are in Hollywood has many advantages, but it is not
organised by casting directors and are very perfect.
competitive. If a young actor goes to a lot of auditions,
it is more probable that a casting director will
remember them and give them a second audition.
Young actors also need to know which of the
Hollywood ‘types’ suit them best, so that they use
their time well and so that casting directors think of
them for certain roles.
2.
Agents will only take on young people who have
something special because Hollywood is extremely
competitive, and only people who have something
special will succeed.
3.
An actor’s chances improve the more auditions he
or she gets because the same casting directors
organise most of the auditions. When a casting
director sees an actor many times, it is more probable
that the director will remember that actor when there
is a suitable role for him or her.
4.
It is important for young actors to know which types
fit them best because then they will not waste time
auditioning for parts that they are not suitable for,
and casting directors will think of them when they
are looking for actors that fit their particular type.

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GRAMMAR 1
UNIT 7: A BETTER WORLD 1.
1. present simple
READING 1 2. will
3. past simple
1. 4. would
Paragraph 1: Over the past two decades, more than
200 million people on average have been affected GRAMMAR PRACTICE 1
every year by natural disasters. 1.
Paragraph 2: In order to meet this challenge, the 1. had
United Nations has been working towards an 2. Will
International Early Warning Programme (IEWP). 3. won’t
Paragraph 3: The IEWP will involve many existing 4. wouldn’t
UN initiatives and bodies working closely together. 5. met
6. offer
Paragraph 4: The IEWP will be comprehensive, and
will warn against many other types of natural disasters 2.
including wildfires, floods, droughts and volcanic 1. c
eruptions. 2. e
3. f
4. d
COMPREHENSION CHECK 5. b
1. 6. a
1. Over the past two decades, natural disasters have 3.
killed very many people and have had negative 1. If I had a garden, I would grow vegetables.
long-term social, economic and environmental 2. If there were more cycle lanes, I would cycle round
consequences. my city.
2. Societies in developing countries are especially 3. You won’t pass the exam if you don’t work hard
affected because they are not as able to deal with enough.
natural disasters as more developed countries.
4. If my computer skills were better, I would get the
3. In the IEWP, advanced technology will analyse job.
information from all over the world, and send out
warnings quickly. 5. If cars were banned from the city centre, pollution
would fall.
4. The aim of the population training element is to
teach people to recognise danger signs and to
inform them about what to do when they hear a VOCABULARY BUILDING 1
warning.
1.
5. For the IEWP to succeed, it will be very important
that information travels quickly and easily around 1. c
affected regions, and that good local warning plans 2. j
are developed. 3. e
4. a
6. The IEWP will also warn against wildfires, floods, 5. i
droughts and volcanic eruptions. 6. g
7. The advance warning will give local people more 7. h
time to escape before the disaster occurs. 8. b
8. Aid workers will use the time to establish camps 9. f
for people who have been affected by the disaster, 10. d
and medical facilities where people who are sick 2.
or injured can be treated.
1. debris
2. 2. casualties
1. vulnerable 3. survivors
2. cope 4. refugees
3. long-term 5. victims
4. challenge 6. minor injuries
5. warning 3.
6. involves 1. to erupt
7. floods 2. destruction
8. fed 3. devastation

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4. to explode 5. What would you do if you suddenly felt the ground

5. to collapse shaking under your feet?
3.
LISTENING 1
1. If my father hadn’t lent me the money, I couldn’t
1. have bought the motorcycle.
1. tsunami 2. If we had brought a map, we wouldn’t have got
2. Fudai lost in the mountains.
3. mayor; sea wall 3. If he had been wearing gloves, the police wouldn’t
4. closed the floodgate have caught the burglar.
5. completely destroyed
6. after 4. If their best player hadn’t been injured, they
wouldn’t have lost the last game.
2. 5. If I hadn’t forgotten to set the alarm clock, I
1. Fudai - 3,000 residents wouldn’t have missed the plane.
2. The late mayor’s name - Kotaku Wamura 6. If I hadn’t arrived late for the interview, I would
3. He built the wall because he had seen the effects have got the job.
of a tsunami before.
4. People’s reaction to the project – they laughed READING 2
at him
5. The height of the wall – over 50 feet 1.
6. Time to build – 12 years 1. b
2. c
7. Date of the earthquake – March 11th 3. a
8. Strength of the earthquake – 9.0
2.
9. Problem with the floodgate – some panels jammed
1. f
10. Solution – a firefighter closed them by hand 2. e
11. Height of walls at other towns – 10 metres 3. b
12. Height of the waves – about 20 metres 4. d
5. a
13. Kotaku Wamura died in 1997, aged 88 6. c

GRAMMAR 2 VOCABULARY BUILDING 2

1. 1.
1. imaginary 1. pro-environment
2. past 2. Overfishing
3. past perfect 3. international
2. 4. rewritten
5. anti-social
1. present 6. overexploited
2. future 7. underused
3. past 8. anti-government
9. prehistoric
GRAMMAR PRACTICE 2 10. over-optimistic
11. ex-boyfriend
1. 12. extraordinary
1. had not been
2. would not have started 2.
3. would not have been expelled 1. nouns
4. had had; would have survived 2. over-
5. would not have got 3. pro-
4. nouns
2. 5. before
1. What would you do if you found a wallet in the 6. inter-
street? 7. adjectives
2. What would you do if you didn’t have enough 8. re-
money to pay the bill in a restaurant? 9. verbs
10. verbs
3. What would you do if you saw a man trying to 11. extra-
rob an elderly lady?
4. What would you do if you woke up at night and
smelt smoke?

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Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Unit 9 Unit 10

demonstrations. He has even sailed on one of

GRAMMAR 3 the Greenpeace ships to monitor overfishing.
1.
4.
1. Unless
2. Provided that 1. Mike
3. as long as 2. Mike
3. Jane
4. Jane
GRAMMAR PRACTICE 3
1. GRAMMAR 4
1. if 1.
2. unless
3. as long as 1. past simple
4. If 2. would
5. provided that 3. past perfect
6. unless
2. GRAMMAR PRACTICE 4
1. I won’t buy the T-shirt unless they reduce the price. 1.
2. We wouldn’t have a dog unless we lived in a 1. I wish I knew the answer.
house with a garden. 2. She wishes she had straight hair.
3. Young people won’t buy their own houses unless 3. He wishes he had worked hard at university.
prices fall. 4. I wish I knew how to take good photographs.
4. The Earth will be in a sad state soon unless we 5. I wish I had gone to my sister’s wedding.
are less greedy.
5. I won’t wake up in time unless I set my alarm. 2.
6. I usually read a book in bed unless I’m too tired. 1. I wish you wouldn’t interrupt me all the time.
2. I wish you would be nice to my friends.
3.
3. I wish you wouldn’t look at your mobile phone all
1. We have a burglar alarm in case thieves try to the time.
break into our house.
4. I wish you wouldn’t smile at every pretty girl you
2. Use a dictionary to do the exercise in case there see.
are words you don’t know.
5. I wish you would drive me home sometimes.
3. Don’t switch off your mobile in case I call you later.
4. I’m taking my tennis racket in case there’s a tennis 3.
court near the hotel. 1. You look as if you need a good rest.
5. I would take insect repellent in case there are 2. They ate their dinner as if they hadn’t eaten in a
mosquitoes. week.
3. He treated me as if I didn’t exist.
LISTENING 2 4. It looked as if they had had a row.
1. 5. It sounded as if he had had a great time.
1. Non-governmental organisation
2. In the 1800’s SPEAKING
3. The anti-slavery movement and women’s voting 1.
rights 1. apologetic
4. Because, as globalisation has increased, many 2. angry
problems cannot be solved by single governments
on their own. 2.
1. c
2. 2. a
1. The International Red Cross 3. c
2. Greenpeace 4. b
5. a
3. 6. c
1. She works on a project that builds refugee camps 3.
for people who have to leave their homes because
of conflict or famine. (a) 9
(b) 7
2. He does lots of things, from helping distribute (c) 2
information about campaigns to going on peaceful (d) 4

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(e) 1 2.
(f) 8 The remains of the newer species of dinosaurs are
(g) 5 only found in the upper layers of rock because these
(h) 6
(i) 3 layers were formed more recently than the lowest
ones. The newer species of dinosaurs did not exist
WRITING when the lowest layers of rocks were formed.
1. 3.
1. a When the plants died because the climate changed,
the dinosaurs that ate the plants did not have anything
2. to eat, so they died too. This affected all the other
1. c dinosaurs as well.
2. a 4.
3. d
4. b When the writer uses the words ‘We have been
warned’, he means that just as climate change caused
3. the dinosaurs to become extinct in the past, the
Translations are given in Castilian Spanish. Students climate change that is happening now could also
with a different first language may wish to translate be very dangerous for us.
into that language.
5.
1. El principal objetivo del estudio era averiguar… What do you think are the biggest risks to humanity
2. Entrevisté a una muestra representativa… today?
3. La mayoría de las personas contestaron que sí…
4. Hubo mayor variedad de respuestas… In my opinion, humanity today is facing three big
5. Los resultados no demostraron de manera risks. The first of these is climate change. Weather
concluyente que… is becoming more extreme and more and more
6. Esto puede ser debido al hecho de que… natural disasters are happening. In addition, if
temperatures continue to increase, sea levels will
4. rise, and many of the world’s biggest cities will be
This is a suggested answer. Other versions are flooded.
possible. The second risk is overpopulation. There are
already 7 billion people on Earth and experts say
The results showed that pensioners are more
concerned with green issues than teenagers or the number will increase. Soon there will not be
working adults. The study indicates that a large enough food and water for so many people.
majority of teenagers do not take practical steps to The final risk is nuclear war. This is related to
save energy or recycle in their daily lives, and do the other risks I have mentioned. If people from many
not think that green issues are more important than of the world’s most important cities become refugees,
economic ones. Although most of them use public there will be conflict between countries. In addition,
transport, this is probably because they do not have people from the poorest parts of the world will
any other option. More working adults save energy,
but this may be for economic rather than probably try to move to places that are better to live.
environmental reasons. Interestingly, only half of This will also cause tension. When countries have
them think that green issues are more important than nuclear weapons, I think that sooner or later they
economic ones. will use them to defend themselves.
I am not very optimistic about the future of
Exam Practice humanity.
1.
For nearly 140 million years during the Mesozoic
era, dinosaurs lived almost everywhere on Earth.
There are remains of their bones in the rocks that
were formed during this time. But above a line in
the rocks known as the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary,
there are no more remains of dinosaurs or of certain
other species that lived in the oceans and in the air.
Scientists think that they disappeared because of a
change in the climate. Temperatures and sea levels
fell, and this affected the growth of the plants which
the dinosaurs ate. The change in the climate was
probably caused by a huge cloud of dust that was
thrown up when a very large meteorite hit the Earth.

277
Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Unit 9 Unit 10

4. were played; were banned

UNIT 8: 5. was destroyed; was rebuilt
6. will be visited

SHAKESPEARE IN LOVE? 2.
1. was directed
2. starred
READING 1 3. was set
4. is trying
1. 5. is suffering
(b) 6. is impressed
7. loves
COMPREHENSION CHECK 8. discovers
9. begin
1. 10. is doomed
1. Shakespeare’s father was a merchant. 11. are based
2. He left her behind in Stratford. 12. are made
13. won
3. It is a comedy. 14. to be played
4. They are not sure of the order in which 15. withdrew
Shakespeare wrote his plays, or when they were
first performed. VOCABULARY BUILDING 1
5. People are often surprised when they read
Shakespeare for the first time because he uses 1.
many words which we do not use today. 1. party
6. People especially admire the beauty of the 2. get-together
language in Romeo and Juliet, and the insights 3. funds
which the play provides into the human condition. 4. cash
5. drink
7. The fact that he left his wife his ‘second best bed’ 6. tipple
was strange. 7. friend
8. They visit Stratford to show their respect for 8. mate
Shakespeare. 9. car
10. wheels
2. 11. dwelling
1. d 12. place
2. e 13. spouse
3. a 14. missus
4. g 15. felicitations
5. f 16. congratulations
6. h
7. b 2.
8. c 1. scoffed – ate
2. dosh – money
GRAMMAR 1 3. get a move on – hurry
4. smashed – drunk
1. 5. a complete pig’s ear – a real mess
1. d 6. in a jiffy – very soon
2. a 7. a real scream – very funny
3. b 8. nosy – inquisitive
4. c 9. puked up – vomited
2. 10. kick – stop
11. berserk – mad
1. is being made 12. thick - stupid
2. was built
3. have been sold
4. will be put on LISTENING 1
5. being interrupted 1.
6. to be respected
1. b
2. b
GRAMMAR PRACTICE 1
2.
1.
1. performances
1. was opened 2. played
2. was built; sat; was known 3. adaptations
3. wrote; acted

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4. costume drama
5. experience READING 2
6. works 1.
7. portrayed (b)
8. based
9. manuscripts 2.
10. plays 1. never-ending
11. conceived 2. mysteriously
12. well-educated 3. exchanged
13. literate 4. angry
14. classics 5. hitting
15. Plutarch 6. died
16. class 7. stopped
17. inquisitive 8. mugged
18. imagination
19. rigour
VOCABULARY BUILDING 2
GRAMMAR 2 1.
1. 1. by
1. may / might be given 2. in
2. should be supported 3. by
3. must be bought 4. of
5. on
2. 6. at
1. be 7. in
2. past participle 8. of
3. 9. by
10. in
1. This play could have been written by Marlowe.
11. in
2. All the tickets for the premiere may have been 12. by
sold. 13. at
3. The theatre should have been cleaned. 14. by
4. Her jewellery must have been stolen from her 15. in
dressing room. 16. by
17. in
GRAMMAR PRACTICE 2 18. by
19. in
1. 20. by
1. A seatbelt must be worn. 21. on
2. A warning sign should be placed here. 22. by
3. Bottles can’t be brought into the pool area. 23. at
4. The lift must be repaired immediately. 24. by
25. by
2. 26. in
1. Can tickets be bought online? 27. at
2. The battery must be charged for six hours before 28. on
the mobile is used. 29. in
3. Do you think cars should be banned from the city 30. by
centre?
4. The death penalty might be abolished one day. GRAMMAR 3
3. 1.
1. Old furniture should be collected by the Council. a) The passive structure sounds more formal.
2. You can be fined for parking on a double yellow b) The passive structure is normally used in written
line. texts like news stories or formal reports.
3. Last year’s forest fire might have been caused 2.
by a barbecue.
1. past participle
4. Road accident could be reduced by educating
children at school. 2. formal
5. Smoking in bars and restaurants should have been 3. informal
banned a long time ago.

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3.
GRAMMAR PRACTICE 3
1. i
1. 2. f
1. It is often said that politicians are not very honest. 3. g
2. It is sometimes suggested that plays are more 4. a
authentic than films. 5. j
6. c
3. A long time ago, it was thought that the Earth was 7. b
flat. 8. d
4. It is widely considered that classic works of fiction 9. e
are difficult to read. 10. h
5. It is generally said that oranges and tangerines
are rich in vitamin C. GRAMMAR 4
2. 1.
1. People often say that politicians are not very 1. The actress did the action in (a) and Jack did the
honest. action in (b).
2. Many people suggest that plays are more 2. Another person (not the actress) did the action
authentic than films. in (a) and another person (not Jack) did the action
in (b).
3. People used to think that the Earth was flat.
4. Many people consider that classic works of fiction 2.
are difficult to read. 1. someone does something for you
5. They say that oranges and tangerines are rich 2. have and get
in vitamin C. 3. past participle
3.
3.
1. am having my hair cut
1. It is sometimes claimed that the Elizabethan 2. had my hair cut
playwright Christopher Marlowe was the real 3. have just had my hair cut
author of Shakespeare’s plays. 4. am going to have my hair cut
2. It is said that he faked his death to escape charges
of blasphemy and heresy. GRAMMAR PRACTICE 4
3. It is suggested that he escaped overseas where 1.
he continued writing.
1. I had my computer repaired yesterday.
4. It is claimed that he used the pseudonym of 2. Sandra is having her hair done this evening.
William Shakespeare. 3. Have you had your eyes tested recently?
5. It is reported that Marlowe went to a tavern called 4. Do you ever have your clothes dry cleaned?
The Bull on the day of his death. 5. Are you having your blood pressure checked soon?
6. It is said that during a quarrel over a bill, another 2.
drinker drove a dagger into Marlowe’s eye, killing 1. Have you ever had your nails done?
him. 2. When are we going to have our house
7. It is suggested by supporters of the Marlovian redecorated?
theory that the corpse of another person was used 3. When did your sister get her teeth straightened?
at his burial. 4. Would you ever have your ears pierced?
5. How often does your father get his car serviced?
LISTENING 2 3.
1. Can you tell me where I can have a passport photo
1. taken?
1. T 2. Can you tell me where I can have my laptop
2. F repaired?
3. F 3. Can you tell me where I can have a new key
4. F made?
5. T
6. T 4. Can you tell me where I can have my coat dry
7. F cleaned?
8. T
9. T SPEAKING
10. F
11. T 1.
12. T As usual, translations are given in Castilian Spanish.
Students with a different first language may wish to
translate into that language.

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Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Unit 9 Unit 10

1. Está en la esquina. theatre allowed them to enjoy a good story as well

2. Gira a la izquierda en el semáforo. as learn about the history of their country and about
3. Al final de la calle other parts of the world.
4. Sigue todo recto.
5. Pasa el puente. 2.
6. Gira a la derecha en el gimnasio.
7. Coge la segunda salida / calle a la derecha. The evidence that the writer gives is that about 30,000
people went to the theatre every week in London,
3. out of a total population of around 100,000.
Tourist: Excuse me, how do I get to the cinema?
Local: Go under the bridge and take the third turning 3.
on your left. Then turn right at the traffic lights and Three ways that going to the theatre in Elizabethan
go straight on. It’s at the end of the road. times was different to going to the theatre nowadays
Tourist: Thank you! are, first, that people could stand to watch the play,
secondly, that before the play started, people ate,
drank smoked and played cards, and third, that most
WRITING people were illiterate.
1.
4.
(a) Act 2
(b) Act 4 People enjoyed plays with a good story because they
(c) Act 1 could talk about the stories afterwards. They also
(d) Act 5 enjoyed historical plays because they learned about
(e) Act 3 the history of their own country, and plays that helped
them to imagine what other parts of the world were
2.
like.
1. According to the summary, three people die in
the play: Caesar, Cassius and Brutus. 5.
2. He stabs him. If you could choose to live at a different time in history,
3. He decides not to kill Mark Anthony. when would you choose? Give reasons.

3.
If I could choose to live at a different time in history,
1. No
2. Yes I would choose to live in the 1960s. I have two main
3. No reasons for choosing this time.
4. No Firstly, I think the 60s were a very exciting time
5. Yes for young people. The youth movement was starting
6. No and young people were very free. They wanted a
7. No way of life that was different to their parents. The
4. hippies were a good example of this. In addition,
This is a suggested answer. Other versions are the 1960s were an incredible time for music. Some
possible. bands that started in the 60s, like the Beatles and
the Rolling Stones, are still classics today.
There is a fight between men from the Capulets and Secondly, I think the 1960s were a very optimistic
the Montagues which Benvolio tries to stop. Benvolio time. There was plenty of work and people believed
later persuades Romeo to go to a party at the that they could change the world. There were many
Capulets’ house to help him forget a girl he is in love popular political movements, and leaders like Martin
with. At the party, Romeo meets Juliet and they fall Luther King and John F Kennedy were very influential.
in love. Then they find out that one of them is a Also, except for Vietnam, young people in the West
Capulet and the other is a Montague. did not have to fight in any wars.
I think I would really have enjoyed life in the 60s!
Exam Practice
1.
In Shakespeare’s time, almost one third of the people
in London went to the theatre every week. Both rich
and poor people went. Entrance cost a penny or two,
and you put your money in a box at the door. There
was a very informal atmosphere and sometimes there
were even fights and riots. Audiences liked
spectacular plays with lots of action, blood and
mystery. Because most people could not read, the

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6. that day

UNIT 9: IT’S ONLY POLITICS! 7. then

8. the next/following day
9. the next/following week
READING 1
GRAMMAR PRACTICE 1
1.
1. a British television comedian 1.
2. a Greek philosopher and the father of democracy 1. The candidate said (that) he would keep all his
promises.
3. the leader of the Liberal Democrats and Deputy
Prime Minister 2. He said (that) he had always told the truth.
4. a French general 3. He said (that) he was running for election because
he wanted to make a difference.
5. an American president
4. He said (that) he wouldn’t deceive us in any way.
5. He said (that) he was the only person who knew
COMPREHENSION CHECK what needed to be done.
1. 6. He said (that) if he became President, he wouldn’t
1. She was implying that they lie every time they talk. raise taxes.
2. The writer says that many jokes are funny because 7. He said (that) the country couldn’t continue the
they are about sensitive subjects. way it was then.
3. He promised that he would not put up university 8. He said (that) things would get better when he
tuition fees. was in power.
4. They were disappointed because the coalition 2.
government put up tuition fees. 1. “I’m not coming to football practice tonight. I’ve
5. People might think that it is bland, uninspiring or got to study,” John said.
uninteresting. 2. “I can’t call you because I don’t have your phone
6. Theodore Roosevelt said that the secret of success number,” he said.
in politics is to say what ordinary people are 3. “I’ll take you to the airport,” she said.
thinking, as often and as loudly as possible.
4. “This is the happiest day of my life,” he said.
7. His excuse is that when he made his promises,
he assumed that the economy would be strong 5. “I don’t feel like going out tonight,” my girlfriend
in the future. said.
8. Nick Clegg’s broken promise might make young 6. “Alice isn’t coming to the exam,” he said.
people become disillusioned with politics. 7. “I’ll post the results tomorrow,” the teacher said.
2.
1. a sure way VOCABULARY BUILDING 1
2. touch on a raw nerve 1.
3. raise 1. c
4. bland 2. a
5. ordinary 3. e
6. the rosiest 4. b
7. en excuse 5. d
8. turn away from
2.
GRAMMAR 1 1. b
2. c
1. 3. a
1. reported 4. f
2. tell 5. d
3. do not have 6. e
4. past 7. g
5. don’t change 8. i
6. change 9. h
10. l
2. 11. j
1. past perfect simple 12. k
2. past perfect simple 13. n
3. would 14. o
4. might 15. m
5. had to

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4. I also wanted to know if he was sure that they had

LISTENING 1 nuclear weapons.
1. 5. He replied that one could never be totally sure
1. a but that there was strong evidence that they did.
2. c 6. I later asked him how long the war would last.
3. c 7. He said that they knew when a war started but
4. b not when it finished.
5. c
6. b 8. I finally enquired if he wasn’t worried about civilians.
7. c 9. He said that they certainly were and that they were
fighting for them too.
2.
Because he is a member of the Conservative party.
3.
READING 2
1. to talk to people individually and try to get their 1.
vote 1. c
2. a person who does not always vote for the same 2. c
party 3. Richard Nixon
3. to tell people things that are not true in order to 2.
make them afraid
4. to stop discussing something without anyone VOCABULARY BUILDING 2
changing their opinion
1.
GRAMMAR 2 1. The United States of America
2. The Central Intelligence Agency
1.
3. The Federal Bureau of Investigation
1. b
2. e 4. The Prime Minister
3. a 5. The United Kingdom
4. d 6. North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
5. c
7. The United Nations
2. 8. The British Broadcasting Corporation
1. e 9. Member of Parliament
2. c
3. a 10. The European Union
4. d 11. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
5. b Organisation
6. f 12. The Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting
Countries
GRAMMAR PRACTICE 2
2.
1.
1. c
1. The journalist asked me if I enjoyed politics. 2. f
2. She asked me when I had joined the party. 3. e
3. She wanted to know if that was the first time I had 4. i
run for President. 5. g
6. h
4. She enquired what my wife did. 7. d
5. She wondered if I had any children. 8. b
6. She asked if I would tax rich people if I won the 9. a
elections. 3.
7. She wanted to know if I believed that global warming 1. Mister
was causing climate change.
2. Missus
2. 3. Doctor
1. I asked him why his country had invaded Transo- 4. Captain
ceania. 5. Bachelor of Arts
2. He said that Transoceania had been preparing 6. Master of Science
an attack on its neighbours for some time.
7. Doctor of Philosophy
3. He added that another reason was that they had
nuclear weapons.

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2.
GRAMMAR 3
1. They wanted more equality for women and the
1. right to vote.
1. C 2. It was invented by the Daily Mail.
2. R 3. Mostly women from middle class backgrounds
3. R
4. C 4. They ignored the movement.
5. They became more radical and aggressive.
2.
6. They sent a lot of the women to jail.
1. My lawyer told me to read the contract before I
signed it. 7. Because she painted some slogans in a park and
refused to clean them.
2. She told me to wait for her.
8. Women who had money or a university education
3. They told us not to say anything to the police.
9. In 1928
4. Our teacher told us not to get nervous.
5. He asked me to sign the receipt.
6. He asked me to show him my passport. GRAMMAR 4
7. He asked me not to be late for the meeting. 2.
8. He asked me not to forget to lock the door when 1. Tom offered to make posters for the meeting.
I left. 2. Sue warned us against the police dogs.
3. Betty reminded me to contact the newspapers.
GRAMMAR PRACTICE 3 4. The lady threatened to call the police if we put up
1. the posters.
1. He told me to look straight at the camera. 5. She apologised for making such a terrible mess.
2. He told me not to read my notes all the time.
3. He told me to take notes if necessary. GRAMMAR PRACTICE 4
4. He told me not to interrupt the other speaker. 1.
5. He told me to use facts, but not to bore the 1. My brother refused to eat the fish.
audience. 2. I warned my sister not to walk through the park
6. He told me to tell reporters that I had done very at night.
well and that I felt that I had won the debate. 3. John accused me of taking the last beer from the
2. fridge.
1. The police officer asked me to show him my driving 4. Nancy agreed to go to the dance with me.
licence. 5. Karen denied cheating in the exam.
2. He told us not to use a pencil in exams. 6. Mike suggested having a party on Friday.
3. The doctor told me to take a deep breath. 7. Bob’s mother reminded him to take the dog for a
4. Pete asked me to lend him my bike. walk.
8. The doctor advised my mother to drink less coffee.
3.
1. I asked the taxi driver if he could take me to the 2.
airport. 1. “I’ll water your plants.”
2. She asked the waiter if he could change her glass. 2. “I haven’t studied very much this term.”
3. I asked the shop assistant if she could tell me the 3. “Train harder if you want to win a medal.”
price again. 4. “I’m sorry I bought a second-hand car.”
4. He asked the customer if he could see some
identification. 5. “I’ll get better marks next term.”
6. “Come to my birthday party.”
LISTENING 2
1. SPEAKING
a) 6 1.
b) 3 Conversation 2
c) 5
d) 9 2.
e) 2 1. Hi Tony. This is Sally.
f) 7 2. How do you do?
g) 4 3. Would you like something to drink?
h) 1 4. No, sorry.
i) 8

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5. Unfortunately I won’t be able to stay.

6. I’m sorry to hear that. Exam Practice
7. What time is it? 1.
8. Is there anything I can do to help? President Grant invented the term ‘lobbyists’ in the
9. Can you drop me home? 1880s for people who used to ask him for favours
10. Sure in the lobby of a hotel that he often used. Nowadays,
11. Thank you so much groups and corporations pay lobbyists to represent
3. their interests with politicians. There were over 40,000
1. Hello, Frank. How are you? registered lobbyists in Washington in 2009 and big
2. Very well, thank you. And how are you? business paid them more than a billion dollars.
3. Very well, thank you. Lobbyists claim that their activity is part of the
4. Would you like something to drink? democratic process, but many people think they are
5. Yes, please. too powerful. Examples include the way lobbyists
represent organisations that help politicians get
elected, and the way banks have used lobbyists.
WRITING Lobbyists have also been involved in a scandal in
1. Great Britain recently.
a) 4 2.
b) 3 Lobbyists are so important to major industries in the
c) 2 US because they convince politicians to pass laws
d) 1 that benefit big business.
2. 3.
Paragraph 1.c Lobbyists have persuaded politicians not to pass
Paragraph 2.d laws that regulate the activities of banks, in spite of
Paragraph 3.a banks being largely responsible for the recent
Paragraph 4.b economic crisis.
3.
4.
1. g
2. d The first shocking aspect was that the lobbyists
3. a claimed that that they had direct access to the Prime
4. h Minister. The second aspect was that they said they
5. b could easily hide information about the immoral and
6. c illegal activities of their client.
7. e 5.
8. f Politicians today
4. In my opinion, politicians today are a serious
This is a suggested answer only. Other versions of problem for democratic societies. I have several
the text are possible. reasons for thinking this.
Firstly, people think that politicians do not really
First of all, I want to thank you for coming here tonight. represent them. They make lots of promises before
It’s good to see so many people who care about our elections, but after they are in power, they usually
community. Together we can make a difference and break their promises. It seems that politicians are
improve our lives and those of our neighbours. We mainly interested in getting power and keeping it for
all know what the problems are. The most serious themselves.
one is that young people are leaving. There are no Secondly, politicians do not seem to be able to
jobs here. Next, the town centre is dying. Shops are solve the problems that people face in everyday life.
closing every week. And finally, tourists have stopped The biggest problem nowadays is the economic crisis,
coming. So what are the solutions? Well, firstly, we but politicians cannot agree on how to solve it. Many
experts think the solution is clear but politicians are
need to improve facilities for visitors. We have to afraid to take decisions because they know they will
make our town more attractive. Secondly, we need lose votes.
to improve communications with the natural areas
Thirdly, corruption is becoming a bigger problem
nearby. Above all, we need to advertise the town in politics. In spite of the fact that politicians have
and the area. We have to tell people what we have very good salaries and other privileges, some of them
to offer. Tomorrow you have the chance to do use their position in illegal ways. The worst thing is
something. I am asking you to go to the polling that sometimes their party tries to protect them.
stations and vote for change. Vote for a better town, I do not know if politicians have always been like
jobs for our youth and a great future. Thank you. this. However, that is not an excuse. We vote for
our politicians and we pay them. They have a duty
to serve us.

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3.
UNIT 10: EQUALITY AND 1. a and c
2. b and d
EDUCATION 4.
1. have known
READING 1 2. have you been studying
3. has been planting; has planted
1.
1. c 5.
1. c
COMPREHENSION CHECK 2. b
3. a
1.
1. Men were expected to go out to work while women GRAMMAR PRACTICE 1
were expected to stay at home and be housewives.
1.
2. Nowadays, an increasing number of men decide
to stay at home and look after their children. 1. Some of my friends are learning German this year.
2. He is training for a marathon in May.
3. Men decide to become homemakers either 3. I like going out with my friends.
because their partner has a better job and earns 4. It smells delicious.
more money, because they want to spend more 5. My English teacher is never late for class.
time with their children, or because the stress of
going to work every day is too much for them. 2.
4. According to the text, the value of a homemaker’s 1. Have you ever worked; was
work is 30,000 pounds a year. 2. have you had; got
5. The main differences are that homemakers work 3. have had; have failed
from the moment they get up till they go to bed, 4. have you been learning; started
they do not have the weekends free, and they 5. Have you applied; haven’t heard
work even harder during the holidays. 3.
6. During the holidays homemakers work harder 1. was trying
because they have to look after more people in 2. had been planning
the house. 3. were starting
7. Homemakers spend most of their time looking 4. had eaten
after the children. 5. had never seen
8. The writer calls first aid and fixing hair ‘lesser tasks’ 6. were you doing
because they do not take as much time as
shopping, cooking or cleaning, for example. VOCABULARY BUILDING 1
9. What many people find surprising is how much 1.
it would cost to pay a homemaker.
Jobs: builder, traffic warden, nurse, plumber,
10. The difference is 8,000 pounds a year. hairdresser, vet, farmer
2. Journeys: flight, excursion, expedition, trek, cruise,
1. c outing, trip
2. e Containers: carton, bag, basket, jar, bowl, tin, box
3. a Crimes: kidnapping, burglary, murder, robbery,
4. b hijacking, mugging, fraud
5. d Politics: election, parliament, MP, debate, canvas,
seat, party
GRAMMAR 1
2.
1.
Students’ own answers.
1. becoming
2. are staying
3. live LISTENING 1
4. doesn’t finish 1.
2. 1. nineteen
1. d 2. in Habitat
2. b 3. to university
3. a 4. tourism
4. c

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2. 2.
1. Because she wants to save money and get a little 1. The article says that 15-year-old girls are ahead
experience of life. of 15-year-old boys in literacy skills in all 43
2. Because she wants to meet new people and be countries surveyed by the Organisation for
independent. She doesn’t want her parents telling Economic Cooperation and Development.
her what to do and when to study. 2. It says that 80% of women in Iceland go into higher
3. Some of them are at university and some of them education, compared to 42% of men.
are on the dole. 3. In almost every developed country, girls are more
4. She wants to finish her education and then get a confident that they will get a good job than boys.
good job. In the UK, 63% of girls expect to have a good
job before they are thirty, compared to 51% of
boys.
GRAMMAR 2 4. The article gives various possible reasons why
1. girls do better. One is that now there is more
1. b equality between the sexes, girls are inspired to
2. d do better. Another is that boys are more concerned
3. a about peer pressure, while another suggests that
4. f boys are distracted from their studies by internet
5. g games.
6. e
7. c VOCABULARY BUILDING 2
2. 1y2
1. a and d
2. b and c NOUN VERB ADJECTIVE ADVERB
3. type typify typical typically
1. very soon prediction predict predictable predictably
2. certain
3. probably – – radical radically
4. expected technology technological technologically
connection connect connected –
GRAMMAR PRACTICE 2
communication communicate communicative –
1.
1. are you going to do importance - important importantly
2. might organisation organise organised –
3. I’m taking
4. I’m going decentralisation decentralise decentralised –
5. are you going to transportation transport – –
6. I’ll
7. leaves continuation continue continual continually
8. I’ll education educate educated –
9. might
disappearance disappear disappearing –
2. generation generate generational –
1. will have finished
2. will be starting computer compute – –
3. will have completed; will be applying for information inform informative –
4. will have learned
physique – physical physically
3.
combination combine – –
1. The L.A. Lakers are bound to win the playoffs.
2. It is likely to snow tomorrow.
3. They are about to finish the new shopping centre. GRAMMAR 3
4. They are due to arrive home before 5.
1.
READING 2 1. have to / must
2. don’t have to
1. 3. mustn’t
The words that appear are: education, cultures, 4. had to; didn’t have to
results, survey, achievement, overtaken, literacy, 5. should / ought to
scores, university, expectations, peer pressure,
games, distract

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2.
GRAMMAR 4
1. c
2. d 1.
3. a 1. pay
4. b 2. was being discriminated
5. e 3. will fill
3. 4. will be considered
5. was supported
1. must 6. has been caused
2. can’t
3. may / might / could 2.
4. must have 1. object
5. can’t have 2. are not
6. may / might / could have 3. do not know
4. is not
GRAMMAR PRACTICE 3 3.
1. 1. People say he is very rich.
1. I wasn’t allowed to have a computer in my 2. People believe that exercise makes you feel better.
bedroom. 3. People thought that the sun’s rays were good for
2. You don’t have to register to use this website. the skin.
3. Were you allowed to use a calculator in your maths
exams when you were at school? 4.
4. I needn’t have gone. 1. I’m having my car serviced at the garage.
2. I think I need to have my eyes tested.
5. Did you have to wear a uniform? 3. I’m having my jacket dry-cleaned.
6. We couldn’t smoke.
2. GRAMMAR PRACTICE 4
1. He must be ill. 1.
2. He might have gone to the dentist. 1. All CV’s should be accompanied by a covering
3. Bill and Susan must be going out together. I saw letter.
them at the cinema last night. 2. Ten people were selected after the first stage.
4. They can’t be. Susan’s got a boyfriend. 3. You will be interviewed by the personnel manager.
5. Our next door neighbours must be moving. They’re 4. One hundred workers were made redundant when
putting furniture into their car. the factory closed down.
6. They might just be redecorating their house. 5. Karen was promoted at the end of her first year
7. Lucy’s father must have been in a car accident. with the company.
He had his arm in a cast. 2.
8. No, he wasn’t. He might have broken it playing 1. Thousands of jobs will have been created by the
rugby. end of the year.
2. This type of computer is now being manufactured
LISTENING 2 in many European countries.
2. 3. The man will be kept in custody.
1. W 4. Customers are asked to check that they have been
2. M given the correct change before leaving the shop.
3. M 5. These pills should be kept out of the reach of
children.
3.
1. Bob left his pay slip on the table in the canteen. 3.
2. He asked the woman to write a letter explaining 1. He is said to be a very hard-working man.
her complaint. 2. We are having the leak in the roof fixed tomorrow.
3. She went to the union. 3. It is now thought that the government will raise
4. The woman had worked longer. VAT.
5. The woman was better qualified. 4. I will have the lock replaced as soon as possible.
6. It says that if the woman is not paid an equal
salary, the staff will go on strike.
7. He promised to look into the problem.

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men’s and women’s brains also influences, for

SPEAKING example, spatial abilities, how they feel pain and
1. the effects of illnesses like strokes and depression.
1. 22 years old 2.
2. Biology and Art
3. painting Evolutionary biology claims that the brains of men
4. colour and imagination and women are different because men’s main job
5. more exciting was to find food and protect their group while women
6. local youth centre had to look after the children, and this caused their
7. learning difficulties brains to evolve in different ways.
8. engineering
9. practical 3.
Women are usually better communicators than men
WRITING because they use both the hemispheres of their brains
equally, which means that they can be more creative
1. and more sensitive to feelings, whereas men rely
She is worried because she has been offered a job more on the left hemisphere.
in Australia but it means leaving her family and her
boyfriend. 4.
2. Men and women react differently to stress because
the hormones in their brains react differently when
1. d
2. b they are in stressful situations.
3. a 5.
4. e
5. f “The world would be a better place if it was ruled by
6. c women.” Discuss.
3. Many people, especially women, think that the
The pieces of advice that were relevant are 2, 4 and world would be better if it was ruled by women. I do
6. not think that this is very realistic.
4. In my opinion, if the world was ruled by women,
1. d this would be discriminating against men. It is true
2. c that in the past men discriminated against women,
3. b and sometimes still do, but this does not make it right
4. e to go to the other extreme.
5. a
6. f However, I think that women have many qualities
7. h which would make them very good rulers. In general,
8. g they are not as aggressive as men and they try to
find consensus instead of conflict. Also, they are more
5.
sensitive to other people’s feelings.
1. should
2. If I were In my view, the solution is that women should have
3. It’s not a good idea more opportunities to become rulers. We should get
4. Make rid of gender discrimination in society and
5. A good idea governments should include both men and women,
6. You should according to who is best qualified for each position.
If we did this, I think the world would be a better place.
Exam Practice
1.
Scientists are discovering that there are differences
between the brains of men and women. Evolutionary
biologists say that this is because men and women
have had different roles since humanity started to
evolve. One difference is that women are better
communicators than men and are more sensitive to
emotions. This is perhaps because women use both
hemispheres of their brain but men use the left
hemisphere more. Differences in how men and
women react to stress are caused by different
chemical reactions in their brains. The structure of

289