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Ach Lab Report

1. The document describes an experiment to determine the concentration of acetic acid in vinegar through titration. Sodium hydroxide solution is standardized by titrating it against potassium hydrogen phthalate. 2. The standardized sodium hydroxide solution is then used to titrate a sample of vinegar. Data tables are used to record the volumes of sodium hydroxide used and calculate the mass and percentage of acetic acid in the vinegar sample. 3. Sources of error that could affect the results include imprecise measurements of volumes or masses and contamination of solutions. Titration has applications in determining acid levels in the environment from acid rain or medical testing.

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Tiofelus H. Hamutenya
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84 views

Ach Lab Report

1. The document describes an experiment to determine the concentration of acetic acid in vinegar through titration. Sodium hydroxide solution is standardized by titrating it against potassium hydrogen phthalate. 2. The standardized sodium hydroxide solution is then used to titrate a sample of vinegar. Data tables are used to record the volumes of sodium hydroxide used and calculate the mass and percentage of acetic acid in the vinegar sample. 3. Sources of error that could affect the results include imprecise measurements of volumes or masses and contamination of solutions. Titration has applications in determining acid levels in the environment from acid rain or medical testing.

Uploaded by

Tiofelus H. Hamutenya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY LAB REPORT

HANGULA LABAN AMUTENYA


219042365
B.ENG ELECTRICAL POWER ENGINEERING
10 OCTOBER 2019

DETERMINING THE PERCENT OF ACETIC ACID IN VINEGAR


3.2. DETERMINING THE PERCENT OF ACETIC ACID IN VINEGAR

In a laboratory, we can determine the concentration of an acid or a base by neutralizing a


known volume of the acid or base with a solution of a standard base or an acid. This procedure
is known as titration. A standard solution is one whose molarity has been accurately
determined experimentally. In this lab practice, NaOH solution will be standardised by using the
solution to titrate a known mass of oxalic acid (H2C2O4). After preparing the standardized
solution, it will be used to titrate a sample of vinegar.
Objectives
Objectives
 The first objective is preparing a solution of NaOH.
 Determine the molarity of the NaOH solution.
 Determine the percent of acetic acid in vinegar.

Materials
 Sodium hydroxide pellets (NaOH)
 100-mL graduated cylinder
 Acetic acid solution (white vinegar)
 Ring stand
 Potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP)
 Phenolphthalein solution
 Burette clamp
 250-mL Erlenmeyer flasks (2)
 Balance
 250-mL beaker
 Label
 250-mL plastic bottle with screw top
PROCEDURE
1. A clean 250-mL plastic bottle was labelled “Standard NaOH Solution”. A name was written on
the label including the date of preparation.
2. In the 250-mL plastic bottle, 8 NaOH pellets were dissolved in 200 mL of distilled water.
CAUTION: Sodium hydroxide is caustic.
3. the burette was set up, the burette clamp and 250-mL Erlenmeyer flask as shown in Figure A.
4. The burette was prepared by rinsing it with tap water first and then rinsed again with distilled
water, and finally with 5 to 10 mL of the NaOH solution.
5. With the stopcock of the burette closed, enough NaOH solution was poured into the burette
so that the NaOH level is around the 5-mL mark.
6. A waste beaker was placed under the burette and the stopcock was opened to fill the tip of
the burette in order to eliminate any air in the burette tip. A drop or two of NaOH ran into the
waste beaker.
7. The initial volume of NaOH was recorded in Data Table 1.
8. A 250-mL Erlenmeyer flask was cleaned and rinsed with distilled water. The mass of the
empty flask was measured using a balance and recorded in Data Table 1.
9. About 0.5g of KHP was added to the flask and measured its mass again. The mass of the flask
and acid was recorded in Data Table 1.
10. About 50 mL of distilled water was poured into the flask containing the acid. A Gently swirl
was applied to the flask until the KPH dissolves.
11. 3 drops of phenolphthalein solution were added to the flask containing the acid solution.
The flask was then placed under the burette so that the tip of the burette was 1–2 cm inside the
mouth of the flask.
12. The titration process was then initiated by allowing small amounts of the NaOH to flow into
the flask containing the acid. The flask was swirled to allow the base and acid to mix.
13. When the pink colour of the indicator started taking longer to disappear, it was close to an
equivalent point, so the stopcock was adjusted so that the base runs into the acid drop- wise.
14. The drops of the base were continuously added until a permanent light pink colour was
obtained. The final volume of the NaOH solution was recorded in Data Table 1.

Part B: Determining the Percent of Acid in Vinegar


1. The mass of a second clean 250-mL Erlenmeyer flask was measured and record in Data Table
2. About 5 mL of vinegar was poured into the flask, and measured the mass of the flask and
vinegar. The mass was then recorded in Data Table 2.
3. The burette with NaOH solution was refilled so that the level of the solution is at
approximately the 5- mL mark. This initial volume was recorded in Data Table 2.
4. The sodium hydroxide solution was then added to the acid solution, following steps 11
through 14 in Part
A. The final volume of NaOH used was recorded in Data Table 2.
Data table 1
Mass of flask and KHP (g) 110.63 g
Mass of empty flask (g) 111.60 g
Mass of KHP acid (g) 0.97 g
Moles of KHP (mol) 0.004749733 mol
Final volume of NaOH (mL) 16.2 mL
Initial volume of NaOH (mL) 5.1 mL
Volume of NaOH used (mL) 11.1 mL
Moles of NaOH (mol) 0.5911 mol
Molarity of NaOH (M) 0.0000533 M

Data table 2
Mass of flask and vinegar (g) 119.60 g

Mass of empty flask (g) 113.31 g

Mass of vinegar (g) 6.29 g

Final volume of NaOH (mL) 4.9 mL

Initial volume of NaOH (mL) 24.4 mL

Volume of NaOH used (mL) 19.5

Mass of acetic acid (g) 0.3145

Percentage of acetic acid in vinegar solution 5%

Analyze and Conclude

1. Measuring and Using Numbers. From the mass of KHP used and the molar mass of KHP,
determine and record the number of moles of KHP acid.9

2. Applying Concepts. Write the equation for the reaction of potassium hydrogen
phthalate (KHP) with NaOH. What is the ratio of moles of NaOH to moles of KHP?
3. Applying Concepts. Use the moles of KHP calculated in question 1 and the mole ratio
from question 2 to determine the moles of NaOH.

4. Measuring and Using Numbers. Convert the volume of NaOH used in mL to L of NaOH
and determine the moles of NaOH per liter. Record your result in Data Table 1 as the
molarity of NaOH (M).

5. Measuring and Using Numbers. Use the molarity of the NaOH solution and the volume
of NaOH used in part B to determine the moles of NaOH used to titrate the acetic acid in
the vinegar sample.

6. Applying Concepts. Write the equation for the neutralization of acetic acid (HC2H3O2).
What is the ratio of moles of NaOH to moles of acetic acid? How many moles of acetic acid are
in the vinegar sample?

7. Measuring and Using Numbers. Use the moles of acetic acid and the molar mass of
acetic acid to calculate the mass of acetic acid in the vinegar sample.

8. Measuring and Using Numbers. Use the mass of acetic acid and the total mass of the
vinegar sample to calculate the percent acetic acid in vinegar.

9. Error Analysis. Calculate the percent error of the experimental result using the actual
value supplied by your teacher. Use the equation percent error = (deviation/correct
answer) x 100.

Explain what errors could have contributed to any deviation.


Real-life Chemistry
1. Explain how titration might be used to determine the effects of acid rain on the environment.
2. Explain how titration might be used for medical testing.

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