CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL AS & A LEVEL PHYSICS: COURSEBOOK

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Coursebook answers
Chapter 28
Exam-style questions b Converting this to joule (J)
maximum k.e. = 11.3 × 1.6 × 10−19 =
1 A[1]
1.8 × 10−18 J[1]
2 A[1] work function
9 minimum frequency = [1]
3 E = hf[1] h
4.9 × 1.6 × 10 −19
= 6.63 × 10−34 × 4.0 × 1018 = 2.7 × 10−15 J[1] = = 1.2 × 1015 Hz[1]
6.63 × 10 −34
4 For shortest wavelength:
hc energy required = 54.4 eV[1]
10 a 
E = [1]
λ = 54.4 × 1.6 × 10−19 = 8.7 × 10−18 J[1]
6.63 × 10 −34 × 3 × 108
= = 4 × 10−23 J[1] b energy change = 13.6 − 6.1 = 7.5 eV[1]
0.005
E 7.5 × 1.6 × 10 −19
so, range is from 4 × 10−25 J to 4 × 10−23 J[1] f = = = 1.8 × 1015 Hz
h 6.63 × 10 −34
5 a  E = 1.02 × 10−5 × 1.60 × 10−19 = [1]
1.63 × 10−24 J[1]
E 1.63 × 10 −24 This lies in the ultraviolet region.[1]
b f = = = 2.46 × 109 Hz[1]
h 6.63 × 10 −34 c  he drop in energy from n = 2 to n = 1 is
T
c 3.0 × 108 much more than that from n = 3 to n = 2[1]
c  λ = = = 0.12 m[1]
f 2.46 × 109 so the frequency of the light emitted is
much higher.[1]
E = 5.0 × 10  × 1.6 × 10 =
6 a  6 −19

8.0 × 10−13 J[1] hc 6.63 × 10 −34 × 3.0 × 108

E=
11 a  = [1]
λ 590 × 10 −9
b i 10 000 eV[1]
E = 3.4 × 10−19 J[1]
ii E = 10 000 × 1.6 × 10−19 = 1.6 × 10−15 J
[1] b i Electrons have zero potential energy
at infinity, and less than this near the
6 × 10 −21
c E = = 3.8 × 10−2 eV[1] nucleus.[1]
1.6 × 10 −19
ii Electron is excited from the
7 a charge = 2e[1] −5.8 × 10−19 J level to the −2.4 × 10−19 J
so, energy in eV = 2 × 7500 = 15 000 eV[1] level,[1]
b E = 15 000 × 1.6 × 10−19 = 2.4 × 10−15 J[1] absorbing all the energy of the
2E 4.8 × 10 −16 incident photon.[1]
c v2 = = = 7.06 × 1010 m2 s−2
m 6.8 × 10 −27 iii Incident light is directional; light is
[1]
reemitted in all directions.[1]
v = 8.4 × 105 m s−1[1]
2.5 × 10 −18 12 a 
Electron is totally removed from the
photon energy in eV =
8 a  =
1.6 × 10 −19 nucleus. (Accept atom is ionised.)[1]
15.625 eV[1]
b i The potential energy of the electron is
k.e.max = hf − Φ; maximum k.e. = photon
less in level 2 than in level 3,[1]
energy − work function[1]
so energy is given out (as a photon).[1]
k.e.max = 15.625 − 4.3 = 11.3 eV[1]

Cambridge International AS & A Level Physics – Sang, Jones, Chadha & Woodside
1 © Cambridge University Press 2020
 CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL AS & A LEVEL PHYSICS: COURSEBOOK

ii change in energy = −2.4 − (−5.4) = b i 5.0 keV or 8.0 × 10−19 J[1]

3.0 eV or 4.8 × 10−19 J[1] 1
hc hc E=
ii  1
2
mv2 → Em = 2
m2v2 → mv = p =
E = leads to λ = =
λ E
2Em [1]
6.63 × 10 −34 × 3.0 × 108
[1] p = 2 × 8.0 × 10 −19 × 9.1× 10 −31 [1]
4.8 × 10 −19
= 4.1 × 10−7 m[1] = 3.8 × 10−23 N s[1]
iii If E is inversely proportional to n2, h 6.63 × 10 −34
λ=
iii  = [1]
then En2 is a constant. p 3.8 × 10 −23
n = 1: En2 = −21.9 × 1 = −21.9 λ = 1.7 × 10−11 m[1]
n = 2: En2 = −5.4 × 4 = −21.6 c  eutrons have a greater mass than
N
n = 3: En = −2.4 × 9 = −21.6[1]
2 electrons, so greater momentum[1]
All products are approximately the for same energy,[1]
same.[1] so shorter wavelength.[1]
Alternative route is to compare ratios 15 a 
The Planck constant h is in the equation
1 1 describing the particle-like behaviour of a
of E1 : En and  :  [1] photon; with E = hf (E = energy of photon
( n1 ) 2
( nn )2
and f = frequency).[1]
with linking comment.[1]
The Planck constant h is in the equation
i   Electromagnetic radiation displays
13 a 
describing the wave-like behaviour of a
properties associated both with
particle; with lp = h (p = momentum of
particles[1]
particle and λ = de Broglie wavelength).[1]
and with waves.[1]
b i The photons of visible light have
ii Radiation below certain frequency momentum.[1]
will not produce photoelectrons /
There is a change of momentum
maximum energy of photoelectrons
when the photons hit the plate.[1]
increases linearly with frequency.[1]
According to Newton’s second law, the
Energy of a packet (particle) depends
rate of change of momentum of these
on frequency (wave).[1]
photons is equal to the force exerted
b E
 nergy of the photon is less than the on the plate.[1]
work function,[1] E hc 6.63 × 10 −34
p=
ii  = = [1]
which is the minimum energy required c λ c 550 × 10 −9
to remove an electron from the metal  p = 1.205 × 10-27 N s ≈ 1.2 × 10-27 N s
surface.[1]  [1]
c k.e.max = hf − Φ, so x-intercept = iii energy of photon = hc/λ[1]
threshold frequency = 5.6 × 1014 Hz[1] number of photons per second =
Φ = hf0 = 6.63 × 10  × 5.6 × 10 [1]
−34 14 area × intensity/E = AI λ/hc[1]
work function = 3.7 × 10−19 J[1] force = number of photons per second
× momentum of each photon = AI λ/hc
d k.e.max = hf − Φ, so gradient = h[1] × h/λ = AI/c[1]
(1.82 − 0 ) × 1.6 × 10 −19
 h= [1] force = 0.052 × 800/3.0 × 108[1]
4.4 × 1014
force = 6.7 × 10−9 N[1]
h = 6.62 × 10−34 ≈ 6.6 × 10−34 J s[1]
14 a 
Electrons show wave−particle duality.[1]
The de Broglie wavelength is the wavelength
of an electron (of a definite energy).[1]

Cambridge International AS & A Level Physics – Sang, Jones, Chadha & Woodside
2 © Cambridge University Press 2020