COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

DYNAMO
EXPERIMENT 1

MASILANG, PHILIP ANTHONY L.

20190139163
UNIVERSITY
OF THE EAST ENGR. ERNILYN DE GUZMAN
PROFESSOR
Manila

2021 | AUGUST 19 NEE 2106 - ME1 (THURS. 1300-1600)

 T E R M I N O L O G I E S

a power-generating component in an electric machine, which can be

armature a spinning or stationary section of the machine.

a device attached to the armature that allows current switching

commutator known as commutation

a device that makes direct current electric power using

dynamo electromagnetism.

electromagnetism study of forces that happen between electrically charged particles

flux the lines of strength in a magnetic field, it is measured in density

rotor part of the generator of dynamo that rotates

magnets that do not move in a generator/dynamo that create a

stator stationary magnetic field

DYNAMO 1
INTRODUCTION: DYNAMO
A dynamo is a type of electrical generator that uses a commutator to generate direct
current. Simply put, an electromagnetically powered device that generates direct
current electric power. It is essentially a direct current generator, which is an
electrical machine that converts mechanical energy into direct current electrical
power.

Dynamos were the first electrical generators used to provide power to industry, and
they served as the foundation for many later electric-power conversion devices, such
as the alternating-current alternator, electric motor, and rotary converter.

Generators, dynamos, and batteries are the three tools required to generate and store
large amounts of electricity for human consumption. Scientists experimented with
the battery to create the early incandescent bulb, electric motors and trains, and
scientific experiments for it uses chemical reactions to generate and store power.

However, batteries were neither stable or cost effective for any regular electrical
usage; instead, it was the dynamo that transformed electricity from a curiosity into a
valuable, dependable technology.

Electromagnetism, a wild and complex phenomenon, is used to power dynamos and

generators. In its most basic form, a generator/dynamo is one magnet rotating within
the magnetic field of another magnet. A magnetic field cannot be seen, although it is
frequently depicted using lines of flux.

The generator/dynamo is composed of stationary magnets (stator) that generate a

strong magnetic field and a rotating magnet (rotor) that distorts and cuts through the
stator's magnetic lines of flux.

Dynamo is an older term for a generator that produces direct current power. DC
power only transfers electrons in one direction. The issue with a basic generator is
that as the rotor rotates, the current is reversed.

Early inventors had no idea what to do with alternating current because it is more
difficult to control and design motors and lights. To collect just the positive energy
of the generator, they devised a commutator, a switch that permits electricity to flow
in only one direction.

2 DYNAMO
 H I S T O R Y
In 1831, Michael Faraday invented the 'Dynamo,' or the first laboratory models of an
electric generator. It was made out of a copper disk that rotated between the magnet's
poles. Technically, this was not a 'Dynamo' because it did not use a commutator.

Faraday's Disk, on the other hand, created very low voltage due to its Single current path
across the magnetic field. Faraday and his colleagues discovered that winding multiple
turns of wire into a coil yielded greater, more usable voltages.

Because wire windings can produce any voltage necessary by varying the number of turns,
they have been used in all subsequent generator designs, prompting the invention of the
commutator to produce direct current.

In the present, the invention of dynamo made an important role in the improvement of
human life. Through its invention, it helped supply a consistent amount of electricity, which
was used for a variety of industrial purposes. The invention of the dynamo paved the way
for the development of electrical generators. Hand-cranked dynamos are still used to
recharge batteries in clockwork radios, lamps (LEDs), mobile phones (through USB port),
and other Human-Powered Equipment.

PRINCIPLES OF SIMPLE DYNAMO

The generation of electricity by a dynamo is based on a magnetism concept known as

induction. When the lines of force that run from the north to the south pole of a magnet are
severed by a wire, an electric current is formed or induced in the wire.

That is, if we take a wire loop or coil with no current and a magnet with no current and
move the loop or coil between the poles, a brief current is formed.

A continuous current can be generated by using a sequence of loops or coils instead of a

single loop. This way of producing electric current is known as induction.

The strength of an induction current depends on three factors: (1) the magnet's strength,
(2) the number of turns of wire in the coil or loop, and (3) the speed with which the
magnetic lines of force are severed, i.e., the speed at which the coil rotates.

DYNAMO 3
 COMPOSITION

DYNAMO
COMPOSITION
The stator and rotor are both components of an
electrical motor.

The main distinction between the rotor and the stator

is that the rotor is the motor's revolving component,
whilst the stator is the motor's stationary component.

STATOR
The stator is the motor's stationary component.

The stator's primary duty is to generate a

revolving magnetic field. The stator is made up
of three parts: the stator frame, the stator core,
and the stator winding. The stator core supports
and protects the stator's three-phase winding.
The core of the stator is made of high-quality
silicon steel stamping.

ROTOR
The rotor is the motor's rotating component.

The rotor is made up of the rotor core and the

rotor winding. The rotor's winding is energized
by the DC supply. The rotor comes in two
varieties: squirrel cage and phase wound.

4 DYNAMO
 WORKING OF
ROTOR & STATOR
Because of the three-phase supply, the stator
DIFFERENCE
generates the rotating magnetic field. If the rotor is
at rest, the electromagnetic force induces in them
due to the electromagnetic induction phenomenon.

The electromagnetic induction phenomenon occurs

when an emf is induced in a current carrying
conductor as a result of a fluctuating magnetic
field. The current induces in the rotor, causing it to
move.

KEY DIFFERENCES BET.

ROTOR & STATOR

BASIS STATOR ROTOR

Stationary part of the Rotating part of the

Definition
motor motor

Outer frame. stator core, Rotor winding,

Parts
stator winding rotor core

Three-Phase DC
Supply
Supply Supply

Winding
Complex Easy
Arrangement

Insulation Heavy Heavy

Friction Loss High Low

Cooling Easy Difficult

DYNAMO 5
 COMPONENTS OF A
SIMPLE DYNAMO
ACCDG TO EDISON TECH CENTER

STATOR

01 The stator is a fixed structure that makes the

magnetic field.

ARMATURE

The armature is constructed of coiled copper

02 windings that rotate within the magnetic field

created by the stator. When the windings move,
they cut through the magnetic field lines. This
generates electric power pulses.

COMMUTATOR

To generate direct current, a commutator is

required. Power flows in only one direction through

03 a wire in direct current; the problem is that the

rotating armature in a dynamo reverses current
every half turn. As a result, the commutator
functions as a rotary switch, disconnecting power
during the reversed current portion of the cycle.

6 DYNAMO
REFERENCES
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Basedonnews. (2018, September 22). Description of a Simple Dynamo: Component, working and principles and
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Center, C. 2015 E. T. (n.d.). Generators & Dynamos. Generators and Dynamos.

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Collins, D. (n.d.). What is a commutator? Motion Control Tips. https://www.motioncontroltips.com/faq-what-is-

the-commutator-in-a-dc-motor/.

Deziel, C. (2019, March 2). What are the functions of parts in an electric motor? Sciencing.
https://sciencing.com/functions-parts-electric-motor-7202983.html.

Electrical, W. (2019, December 27). What is stator : Construction, parts, and its working. WatElectrical.com.
https://www.watelectrical.com/what-is-a-stator-construction-and-its-working/.

Learning Engineering. (2018, January 9). Stator and rotor - difference between stator and rotor. Learning
Engineering. https://learningengineering1994.blogspot.com/2018/01/stator-and-rotor-difference-between.html.

Targetstudy.com. (n.d.). Dynamo. Target Study. https://targetstudy.com/knowledge/invention/89/dynamo.html.

YouTube. (2018). YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ANqT09GQZ04.

IMAGES
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