Instruction: Choose the best answer and write the letter of your choice on the space provided.

Write it in
CAPITAL LETTERS. Check your answers against the Key to Corrections found at the end of this SAS.
Write your score on your paper.

_____ 1. It is a linear network of links in the food web starting from producers’ and ending at apex
predator species.
A. Consumer - Resource System C. Ecological Community
B. Food Chain D. Metabolic Pathways

_____ 2. It is a field of science which concerns about energy glow through living systems. It is also the study of
energy relationships and energy transformations and transductions in living organisms.
A. Bioenergetics B. Biochemistry C. Cell Biology D. Exergonic

_____ 3. It is a natural interconnection of food chains and a graphical representation of what-eats-what in an

ecological community.
A. Food Web C. Energy Pyramid
B. Ecological Community D. Metabolic Pathways

_____ 4. What type of food chain is referred to when an autotrophic organism occupy the first feeding level?
A. Grazing food chain C. Grazing Food cycle
B. Detritus food chain D. Metabolic Food web

_____ 5. It is a graphical model of energy flow in a community.

A. Energy Pyramid C. Food Chain
B. Food Web D. Bioenergetics

You did well! Good work.

Activity 1: What I Know Chart, PART 1 (3 mins)

Instruction: Please write under the WHAT I KNOW column the things that you already knew about the
questions for today’s topic. Please ONLY answer the “What I Know” column and wait until you finish
answering all the activities before you answer the “What I Learned” column.

What I Know Questions What I Learned (Activity 4)

1. What is ecological succession?

2. What are the different types of

ecological succession?

3. What is the importance of

ecological succession in the
community?

B.MAIN LESSON

Activity 2: Content Notes (13 mins)

Succession is often described by the series of plant and animal communities that inhabit a region over
time. It occurs in some regions when climates change over thousands of years. Pioneer species are the plant
and animals that are first to colonize a newly exposed habitat. Over shorter periods of time, succession occurs
because species that makeup communities alter the habitat by their presence. Eventually the ecological
conditions which made the habitat initially attractive to the resident species may no longer exist.

The following are some of the changes induce by resident species: substrate texture, soil pH, soil water
potential, light availability and crowding.

Ecological succession is the change in the composition of species over time. The traditional view of
succession describes how one community with certain species is gradually and predictably replaced by
another community consisting of different species. As succession progresses, species diversity (the number of
species in a community) and total biomass (the total mass of living organism) increases. The climax
community is the final succession stage of constant species composition. The climax community persists
unchanged until destroyed by some catastrophic events.

Do you know that there are two kinds of succession? The two kinds of successions are primary
succession and secondary succession. Primary Succession occurs on substrates that never previously
supported living things. Examples are the succession on rock or lava or the succession on sand dunes.

Secondary Succession on the other hand begins in habitats where communities were entirely or
partially destroyed by some kind of damaging event such as fire, floods, overgrazing, and deforestation.
Examples are the succession on abandoned cropland and the succession in lakes and ponds.

Activity 3: Skill-building Activities (18 mins + 2 mins checking)

Now, let me know what’s on your mind.

A. Instruction: Identify the following situations whether they are primary or secondary succession. Write A for
primary succession and B for secondary succession before each number. Check your answers against the
Key to Corrections found at the end of this SAS. Write your score on your paper.

_________1. Gap dynamics in a forest canopy

_________2. In sand dunes
_________3. After a nuclear explosion
_________4. Plants arises on plain land
_________5. After a fire
_________6. Logging and abandonment of crop land
_________7. Flooding accompanied by severe soil erosion
_________8. After a volcanic eruption

Great job!
B. Instruction: Crossword Puzzle Activity. Identify the words described by the definitions given below. Fill the
boxes with letters that correspond to your answer. Check your answers against the Key to Corrections found
at the end of this SAS. Write your score on your paper.

Across
1- sequence of replacement of species in a habitat
3- the modified stable community
5- the first species to dominate a habitat
8- the condition of having different elements or species in a community
9- the measure of acidity and basicity of substance

Up-Down
2- takes place in a habitat already previously occupied by vegetation
4- the surface or material on or form which an organism lives, grows or obtains its nourishment
Activity 5: Check for Understanding (5 mins)

Let us check how much you have learned.

Instruction: Pick the best answer and write the letter of your choice on the space provided.
Check your answers against the Key to Corrections found at the end of this SAS. Write your score on your

_____ 1. These are the plant and animals that are first to colonize a newly exposed habitat.
A. Pioneer Species C. Climax Community
B. Secondary Species D. Ecological Succession
_____ 2. This succession begins in habitats where communities were entirely or partially destroyed by some
kind of damaging event.
A. Climax B. Primary C. Secondary D. Tertiary
_____ 3. It is the final succession stage of constant species composition which persists unchanged until
destroyed by some catastrophic events.
A. Pioneer Species C. Climax Community
B. Secondary Species D. Ecological Succession
_____ 4. This term refers to the change in the composition of species over time.
A. Ecological Succession C. Primary Succession
B. Climax Community D. Secondary Succession
_____ 5. It is a type of succession that occurs on substrates that has never been previously supported living
things.
A. Climax B. Primary C. Secondary D. Tertiary

C. LESSON WRAP-UP

Activity 6: Thinking about Learning (5 mins)

A. Work Tracker

WOW! You are almost done with this session!

Let’s track your progress. Please shade the session number you just
completed.

Well done!
B. Think about your Learning

Can we talk? Please tell me something about today’s lesson. Write your answer on the opposite box.

1. Tell me at least 3 things you’ve

learned from today’s lesson.
 2. What are those 2 things in the
lesson you found interesting?

3. Ask me 1 thing that made you

curious about the lesson but we
were not able to discuss.

FAQs
1. How do organisms alter their new habitat?
Organisms or species alter their new habitat by altering the abiotic factors in the area such as the soil
composition, soil moisture, amount of minerals in the soil, soil pH, and other factors.
2. Is ecological succession important in coming up with a climax community?
Ecological successions are important to have a stable and more diversified ecological communities or climax
communities.

Ecological Insight:

“Everything changes.”

Some changes enhance the natural state of the

environment, others degrade it.

KEY TO CORRECTIONS
Activity 1
 1. B
2. A
3. A
4. A
5. A

Activity 3 Activity 5
A.
1. B 1. A
2. A 2. C
3. B 3. C
4. A 4. A
5. B 5. B
6. B
7. B
8. B

B.

E C O L O G I C A L S U C C E S S I O N

S C E

U C L I M A X C O M M U N I T Y X

B N R T

S D S A I

T A P M N

R P I O N E E R E I C

A Y C R T

T I H P I

E D I V E R S I T Y E O

S N