REVIEWER IN BIOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY

1. A fruit fly is classified as a consumer rather than as a producer because it is unable to

a. reproduce asexually
b. synthesize its own food
c. release energy stored in organic molecules
d. remove wastes from its body

2. Which change is an example of maintaining dynamic equilibrium?

a. A plant wilts when more water is lost from the leaves than is lost by the roots.
b. A plant turns yellow when light levels are very low.
c. Insulin is released when glucose levels in the blood are high.
d. person sweats when the environmental temperature is low.

3. Organisms contain compounds such as proteins, starches, and fats. The chemical bonds in these
compounds can be a source of
a. amino acids b. energy c. simple sugars d. enzymes

4. Phosphorus is necessary for the growth of healthy plants. Scientists are developing plants that can
grow in phosphorus-poor soil. Some of these new varieties, produced in a lab, make extra
copies of a protein that helps them obtain more phosphorus from the soil. The process being
used to develop these new varieties is most likely
a. paper chromatography
b. natural selection
c. direct harvesting
d. genetic engineering

5 Which life function is not necessary for an individual organism to stay alive?
a. nutrition b. regulation c. reproduction d. excretion

6. Lobsters prey on sea hares, which are marine animals. The lobsters find their prey through a
sense of smell. The sea hares defend themselves by squirting ink at the lobster, as shown in
the photo below. The ink sticks to the lobster, interfering with its sense of smell.
The most likely reason the sea hare can escape isbecause the sea hare ink
a. pushes the sea hare away rapidly as the ink is expelled
b. blocks a receptor on certain cells in the lobster
c. causes the lobster to change its prey
d. prevents movement of the lobster

7. Which statement is an accurate description of genes?

a. Proteins are made of genes and code for DNA.
b. Genes are made of proteins that code for nitrogen bases.
c. DNA is made of carbohydrates that code for genes.
d. Genes are made of DNA and code for proteins.

8. A child with cystic fibrosis has an altered protein in his cells that stops chloride ions from leaving
the cells. This protein most likely affects the functioning of
a. cell membranes b. mitochondria c. nuclei d. ribosomes

9. Scientists have studied the return of plant life on Mount St. Helens ever since the volcano erupted
in 1980. Wildflowers began colonizing the area, followed by shrubs and small trees. Scientists
predict that it will likely take hundreds of years before the area returns to a forest dominated by
fir and hemlock trees. These changes are an example of
a. humans degrading an ecosystem by removing wildfl owers
b. the loss of genetic variation in a plant species
c. the growth of a forest through ecological succession
d. the biological evolution of wildflowers, shrubs, and trees

10. The most likely result of completely removing carbon dioxide from the environment of a plant is
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 that sugar production will
a. continue at the same rate
b. increase and oxygen production will also increase
c. increase and oxygen production will stay the same
d. decrease and eventually stop

11. Before a new shopping center can be built on previously undeveloped land, the builders must
submit a proposal to the local government for approval. Which statement identifies an
environmental concern associated with the development of the shopping center?
a. Building the center would decrease resources needed by local organisms.
b. The new shopping center would increase competition with already existing businesses.
c. Building the center would decrease the amount of pollution in the area.
d. The new shopping center would increase the biodiversity of the area.

12. Homeowners have been encouraged to learn how to identify invasive plants and to remove
them if they find them. The most likely reason for removing invasive plants is to
a. allow only one type of native plant to grow
b. preserve biodiversity
c. eliminate unfamiliar food sources
d. increase the rate of ecological succession

13. The diagram below represents some steps in a procedure used in the field of biotechnology.

This bacterial cell can now be used to produce

a. the bacterial gene for insulin that can be inserted into humans
b. human genes for enzymes that can be inserted into humans
c. insulin that can be used by humans
d. enzymes necessary to treat human diseases

14. The graph below represents the number of brown and green beetles collected in a particular
ecosystem.

The change observed in the number of green and brown beetles in the population is most
likely due to
a. natural selection b. gene manipulation c. selective breeding d. a common ancestor

15. For centuries, humans have used resources from coastal areas and open ocean waters. An
example of an activity that would promote the conservation of coastal areas and ocean
resources is
a. harvesting large numbers of different fish species
b. allowing all-terrain vehicles access to beach areas
c. creating protected zones of natural grasses and shrubs in beach areas
d. encouraging the construction of factories along the ocean shoreline

16. Which activity would eventually result in a stable ecosystem?

a. deforestation in an area to increase space for the species living there
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 b. mowing a large field so it can be used for recreation
c. allowing native plants to grow undisturbed in an abandoned field
d. spraying pesticides on a field at the end of each growing season

17. Some countries require shoppers to pay a deposit on certain beverage containers made of plastic
and glass. When shoppers return the containers, their deposits are returned to them. How is
this system intended to help the environment?
a. It encourages people to buy products that do not have a deposit.
b. It reduces the amount of money shoppers actually spend.
c. It reduces the amount of plastics and glass put into landfills.
d. It forces manufacturers to reduce air pollution when they are making the containers

18. The diagram below represents a food web.

Which level contains organisms that carry out autotrophic nutrition?

a. 1 b. 3 c. 2 d. 4

19. Mad cow disease is a fatal disease that destroys brain tissue. Researchers have found that a
prion, which is an abnormally constructed protein molecule, is responsible. Which statement
best describes the characteristics a protein must have to function correctly?
a. A protein is a long chain of amino acids folded into a specific shape.
b. A protein is a long chain of simple sugars folded into a specific shape.
c. A protein is made of amino acids synthesized into a short, circular chain.
d. A protein is made of simple sugars synthesized into a short, circular chain

20. Several companies now offer DNA “banking services,” where DNA is extracted from a pet
and is stored so that a “replacement pet” might be produced using cloning techniques when
the original pet dies. Which statement best explains why the replacement pets that are
produced in this way might not look or act like the original?
a. The new animal must get the DNA from two different parents, not just one cell.
b. Mutations could occur that change the cloned animal into a completely different species.
c. Recombination of the cells as they are cloned will make the resulting pet act differently.
d. The environment could influence how genes are expressed, changing how the animal looks
and acts.

21. It is recommended that people avoid excessive use of tanning beds. Exposure to the radiation
emitted by tanning beds can cause skin cancer. This cancer is the direct result of a
a. change in a starch molecule
b. mutation in the genetic material
c. mutation in a protein
d. change in a fat molecule

22. The diagram below represents a developing fetus in a human.

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 What would most likely happen if structure X were damaged in the early stages of pregnancy?
a. The genes from the mother would not be turned on in the fetus.
b. The nutrients necessary for development would not be able to reach the fetus.
c. The fertilized egg would not be able to travel from the ovary to the uterus.
d. Development would take longer since the fetus would have to synthesize nutrients.

23 The reproductive structure in a female mammal that produces sex cells is the
a. ovary b. uterus c. testes d. placenta

24. Fungi are decomposers that play an important role in the maintenance of an ecosystem. The role
of fungi is important because they
a. synthesize energy-rich compounds that are directly used by producers
b. break down materials that can then be used by other organisms
c. limit the number of plants that can perform photosynthesis in an area
d. are competitors of other consumers such as herbivores

25. In 2011 and 2012, scientists working on the Banana River in Florida recorded a dramatic increase
in the number of manatee deaths. Over the past 50 years, this area has also seen the human
population increase by more than 500,000 people. It is believed that pollution from numerous
sewage tanks leaked into the water, eliminating the manatees’ food source, replacing it with an
alga that is toxic to the manatee. This is an example of
a. a natural cycle in an ecosystem
b. the effect of increased biodiversity on an ecosystem
c. direct harvesting in an ecosystem
d. human actions altering ecosystems with serious consequences

26. A student performed an experiment to see if water temperature affects the level of activity in
aquatic snails. The student set up four tanks with five snails in each tank. All four of the setups
were identical in every way, except for the temperature of the water. In order to make the
conclusions more valid, the student could
a. alter the pH of the water
b. change the size of the tank
c. carry out the experiment for a shorter period of time
d. use a larger number of snails

27. The following events occur during sexual reproduction:

A. mitosis B. meiosis C. fertilization D. birth

Which sequence represents the correct order of these events during sexual reproduction?
a. A → C → B → D
b. B → C → A → D
c. C → B → A → D
d. B → A → C → D

28. A broad body of evidence, subject to revisions, supported by different kinds of scientific
investigations and often involving the contributions of scientists from different disciplines is
necessary to develop
a. an inference b. a theory c. a fact d. a prediction

29. Increased concern over the number of heat related illnesses among football players has led to a

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 possible change in uniform design. Shoulder pads were designed that constantly blew cool,
dry air underneath the shoulder pads. Tests showed that the use of the device during rest and
recovery periods resulted in a reduction of body temperature and heart rate. This new device
would help the athlete to
a. control the rate of muscle activity
b. increase muscle strength
c. maintain homeostasis
d. eliminate the release of heat from the body

Base your answers to questions 30 and 31 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology.
The diagram illustrates activities taking place in the body of a human.

30. Vaccinations usually stimulate the body to produce more of

a. structure A, only c. structures A and C, only
b. structure B, only d. structures A, B, and C

31 Which structure normally stimulates an allergic response?

a. A, only b. C, only c. B, only d. A, B, and C

Base your answers to questions 32 and 33 on the information and diagram below and on your
knowledge of biology. The setup below shows four test tubes. Tube 1 contains water only. Tube 2
contains a live snail. Tube 3 contains a live green water plant. Tube 4 contains both a live green
water plant and a live snail.

32. In this setup, which tubes contain at least one organism carrying on cellular respiration?
a. tubes 1 and 2, only c. tubes 3 and 4, only
b. tubes 2 and 4, only d. tubes 2, 3, and 4, only

33 Which compound that directly provides energy in living cells is being produced in every tube where
cellular respiration is occurring?
a. oxygen b. DNA c. glucose d. ATP

34. Physicians give patients immuno-suppresing drugs after organ transplant to prevent ________.
a. infection
b. a graft versus host response
c. rejection of the transplant
d. viral infection

35. Viruses are exceptions to the cell theory, but they have some characteristics of living things. What
is one of these characteristics?
a. They are made up of many specialized cells.
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 b. They contain genetic material.
c. They reproduce by mitosis.
d. They contain chlorophyll.

36. Which are the four most abundant elements in living cells?
a. carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur c. carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen
b. carbon, oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus d. carbon, sulfur, hydrogen, magnesium

37. Hydras, earthworms, grasshoppers, and humans are classified in the same
a. genus b. species c. phylum d. kingdom

38. The presence of cilia, an oral groove, and food vacuoles, and the absence of
chloroplasts in a unicellular organism indicate that the organism carries on
a. sexual reproduction c. autotrophic nutrition
b. extracellular digestion d. heterotrophic nutrition

39. An organelle differs from an organ in that an organelle

a. is a substructure of a cell b. contains one specific type of tissue
c. is larger than an organ d. cannot be stained

40. Which structure includes all of the others?

a. nucleolus b. nucleus c. chromosomes d. genes

41. Cell membranes are composed principally of

a. DNA and ATP c. proteins and lipids
b. chitin and starch d. nucleotides and amino acids

42. Which structure is usually present only in animal cells?

a. vacuole b. cell wall c. nucleus d. centriole

43. Breeders have developed a variety of chicken that has no feathers. Which
methods were most likely used to produce this variety?
a. artificial selection and inbreeding b. grafting and hybridization
c. regeneration and incubation d. vegetative propagation and binary fission

44. Which process provides most of the oxygen found in Earth's atmosphere?
a. photosynthesis b. aerobic respiration
c. dehydration synthesis d. fermentation

45. In humans, which substance is produced anaerobically during strenuous activity?

a. lactic acid b. glycogen c. carbon dioxide d. alcohol

46. In the process of photosynthesis, chlorophyll serves as

a. an end-product c. a raw material
b. an energy converter d. a hydrogen acceptor

47. A scorpion stalks, kills, and then eats a spider. Based on its behavior, which ecological terms
describe the scorpion?
a. producer, herbivore, decomposer c. producer, carnivore, heterotroph
b. predator, carnivore, consumer d. predator, autotroph, herbivore

48. Which organisms are dependent upon other animals for food?
a. producers b. herbivores c. scavengers d. primary consumers

49. Certain bacteria living in a human's large intestine help to produce vitamin K. This
relationship is an example of
a. animal parasitism b. plant parasitism c. commensalism d. mutualism

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50. The timber wolves, rabbits, and vegetation in a particular region of northern New York
together constitute part of a/n
a. population b. community c. genus d. ecosystem

51. Which statement describes the location of two types of subatomic particles in a helium atom?
a. Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus.
b. Protons and neutrons are located outside the nucleus.
c. Protons and electrons are located in the nucleus.
d. Protons and electrons are located outside the nucleus.

52 An atom that contains six protons, six neutrons, and six electrons has a mass of
approximately
a. 12 u b. 18 u c. 12 g d. 18 g

53 Which term identifies the most probable location of an electron in the wave-mechanical
model of the atom?
a. anode b. nucleus c. orbital d. cathode

54 Which element has atoms in the ground state with the greatest number of valence electrons?
a. tin b. arsenic c. sulfur d. fluorine

55 Which group on the Periodic Table has two elements that exist as gases at STP?
a. Group 1 b. Group 16 c. Group 2 d. Group 17

56 Which list of elements contains a metal, a metalloid, and a nonmetal?

a. Ag, Si, I2 b. K, Cu, Br2 c. Ge, As, Ne d. S, Cl2, Ar

57 At STP, O2(g) and O3(g) have different properties because O3(g) has
a. more dense nuclei than in O2(g)
b. more protons per atom than in O2(g)
c. molecules with a different structure than in O2(g)
d. molecules with fewer covalent bonds than in O2(g)

58 A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements that are

a. physically mixed in a fixed proportion
b. physically mixed in a variable proportion
c. chemically combined in a fixed proportion
d. chemically combined in a variable proportion

59. Which property is used to determine the degree of polarity between two bonded atoms?
a. density b. pressure c. electronegativity d. temperature

60 In a chemical reaction, a catalyst provides an alternate reaction pathway that

a. decreases the concentration of the products
b. increases the concentration of the reactants
c. has a lower activation energy
d. has a higher activation energy

61. Which substance can be decomposed bychemical means?

a. cobalt b. methane c. krypton d. zirconium

62 Which sample of matter represents a mixture?

a. aqueous ammonia b. liquid mercury c. gaseous ethane d. solid iodine

63 Differences in which property allow the separation of a sample of sand and seawater by
filtration?
a. concentration of ions b. volume of c. mass of sample d. particle size

64. Which process is a chemical change?

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 a. evaporating an alcohol c. subliming of iodine
b. melting an ice cube d. rusting of iron

65 Which term represents an intermolecular force in a sample of water?

a. hydrogen bonding c. covalent bonding
b. metallic bonding d. ionic bonding

66 Which sample of matter has particles arranged in a crystalline structure?

a. Ne(g) b. NaCl(aq) c. Br2(ℓ) d. CuSO4(s)

67 Which term is defined as a measure of the randomness of a system?

a. heat b. pressure c. entropy d. temperature

68 Which formula represents an alkane?

a. C2H2 b. C3H4 c. C2H4 d. C3H8

69 Which term represents a chemical reaction?

a. deposition b. sublimation c. combustion d. vaporization

70 Which type of reaction includes esterification and polymerization?

a. decomposition b. organic c. neutralization d. nuclear

71 In a redox reaction, the total number of electrons lost is

a. less than the total number of electrons gained
b. greater than the total number of electrons gained
c. equal to the total number of electrons gained
d. unrelated to the total number of electrons gained

72 The electrical conductivity of an aqueous solution depends on the concentration of which

particles in the solution?
a. molecules b. atoms c. electrons d. ions

73. Which electron configuration represents the distribution of electrons in a potassium atom in
the ground state?
a. 2-8-8-1 b. 2-8-5 c. 2-8-7-2 d. 2-7-6

74 At STP, which element is malleable and a good conductor of electricity?

a. xenon b. platinum c. silicon d. hydrogen

75 Which general trends in atomic radius and electronegativity are observed as the elements
in Period 3 are considered in order of increasing atomic number?
a. Atomic radius decreases and electronegativity increases.
b. Atomic radius increases and electronegativity decreases.
c. Both atomic radius and electronegativity increase.
d. Both atomic radius and electronegativity decrease.

76 What is the chemical name for Na2SO3?

a. sodium sulfite b. sodium sulfide c. sodium sulfate d. sodium thiosulfate

77. Which molecular formula is also an empirical formula?

a. C6H6 b. N2H4 c. H2O2 d. N2O5

78. Which temperature represents the highest average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample
of matter?
a. 298 K b. 27°C c. 267 K d. 12°C

79. Which particle diagram represents a mixture of three substances?

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 a. b. c. d.

80. Which physical change is endothermic?

a. CO2(s) → CO2(g) c. CO2(g) → CO2(ℓ)
b. CO2(ℓ) → CO2(s) d. CO2(g) → CO2(s)

81. In a redox reaction, which particles are lost and gained in equal numbers?
a. electrons b. hydroxide ions c. neutrons d. hydronium ions

82. Which compounds are classified as electrolytes?

a. KNO3 and H2SO4
b. KNO3 and CH3OH
c. CH3OCH3 and H2SO4
d. CH3OCH3 and CH3OH

83 Which compound is an Arrhenius base?

a. CO2 b. Ca(OH)2 c. CaSO4 d. C2H5OH

84. According to one acid-base theory, a water molecule acts as a base when it accepts
a. a H + ion b. a neutron c. an OH- ion d. an electron

85. The acidity or alkalinity of an unknown aqueous solution is indicated by its

a. pH value
b. electronegativity value
c. percent by mass concentration
d. percent by volume concentration

86. The laboratory process in which the volume of a solution of known concentration is used to
determine the concentration of another solution is called
a. distillation b. titration c. fermentation d. transmutation

87. Which list of nuclear emissions is arranged in order from the greatest penetrating power to
the least penetrating power?
a. alpha particle, beta particle, gamma ray
b. alpha particle, gamma ray, beta particle
c. gamma ray, alpha particle, beta particle
d. gamma ray, beta particle, alpha particle

88 Given the diagram representing a reaction:

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 Which type of change is represented?
a. fission b. deposition c. fusion d. evaporation

89. Each diagram below represents the nucleus of an atom.

How many different elements are represented by the diagrams?

a. 1 b. 3 c. 2 d. 4

90 Chlorine and element X have similar chemical properties. An atom of element X could have an
electron configuration of
a. 2-2 b. 2-8-8 c. 2-8-1 d. 2-8-18-7

91 Which group of elements contains a metalloid?

a. Group 8 b. Group 16 c. Group 2 d. Group 18

92. In the formula for the compound XCl4, the X could represent
a. C b. Mg c. H d. Zn

93 The formula C2H4 can be classified as

a. a structural formula, only
b. a molecular formula, only
c. both a structural formula and an empirical formula
d. both a molecular formula and an empirical formula

94 Given the balanced equation representing a reaction:

4Al(s) + 3O2(g) → 2Al2O3(s)

95. How many moles of Al(s) react completely with 4.50 moles of O 2(g) to produce 3.00 moles of
Al2O3(s)?
a. 1.50 mol b. 6.00 mol c. 2.00 mol d. 4.00 mol

96. Given the balanced equation representing a reaction:

6Li + N2 → 2Li3N

Which type of chemical reaction is represented by this equation?

a. synthesis b. single replacement c. decomposition d. double replacement

97. Which elements can react to produce a molecular compound?

a. calcium and chlorine
b. hydrogen and sulfur
c. lithium and fluorine

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 d. magnesium and oxygen

98. Compared to a 1.0-mole sample of NaCl (s), a 1.0-mole sample of NaCl(ℓ) has a different
a. number of ions c. empirical formula
b. gram-formula mass d. electrical conductivity

99. Which property of an unsaturated solution of sodium chloride in water remains the same
when more water is added to the solution?
a. density of the solution
b. boiling point of the solution
c. mass of sodium chloride in the solution
d. percent by mass of water in the solution

100. Which ion combines with Ba+2 to form a compound that is most soluble in water?
a. S-2 b. [CO3] -2 c. OH- d. [SO4]-2

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