NUR11O1 Integrated Human Anatomy and Physiology

Department of Biology
Institute of Arts and Sciences
Far Eastern University
LECTURE ACTIVITY NO. 1
THE HUMAN ORGANISM

I. INTRODUCTION
The human body consists of different organs that work together to carry out human
activities and sustain life. An understanding of its anatomy and physiology is important to
have an understanding of how it carries out the important processes needed for survival
and reproduction.
II. ACCOMPLISH THE ACTIVITY TABLE 1.
Table 1. Understanding the human organism.
GUIDE QUESTIONS ANSWERS
1.01A. Define anatomy and Anatomy is the science that examines the body's physical
describe the levels at which structure. The term "anatomy" refers to dissecting or
anatomy can be studied. cutting apart and separating parts of the body. Anatomy
is what the body does. It can address at several different
levels, each of which addresses the link between structure
and function.
1.01B. Explain the Structure refers how body is put together like bones,
importance of the muscles, tendons and ligaments. Function refers how the
relationship between body work. The relationship between them is that they
structure and function are dependent to each other and very essential in learning
body. It is impossible to comprehend the human body
without first comprehending its structure–function
relationships.
1.02A. Define physiology. Physiology is what it does. It is mainly concerned with
the functions of any other living thing and its processes.
Additionally, it is the study of how the human body
works.
1.02B. State two major goals The two goals of physiology are to understand and
of physiology. predict the responses to stimuli. Second, is to
comprehend how the body maintains conditions in a
constantly changing environment. (internal and external)
1.03A. Describe the six levels The chemical level is where atoms combine to
of organization of the body form molecules. Second, molecules are atoms combined
and describe the major to create organelles and fluid. The third is the tissue level,
characteristics of each level. where common cells develop and function together. The
organ level is a structurally distinct structure made up of
two or more distinct tissue types. Organ system level is

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Biofacultymember2020
NUR11O1 Integrated Human Anatomy and Physiology
Department of Biology
Institute of Arts and Sciences
Far Eastern University
where organs coordinate together to perform
specific function. Last, an organism level is made up of
several organ systems that perform independently
necessary for life.
1.03B. List the eleven organ  Skeletal System
systems, identify their - The components are bones, joints, cartilage,
components, and describe the and ligaments. Its function is to store calcium
major functions of each phosphorus salts and other minerals, protect
system. our body parts and it produces blood cells
 Muscular System
- The components are skeletal, cardiac, and
smooth muscles. Its function is to move freely
and voluntarily, respond to stimuli, and
generate body heat.
 Urinary System
- Its components are kidneys, ureter, urethra
and urinary bladder. Its function is that it
removes nitrogenous wastes, regulates, and
balance the blood's fluid and chemical content.
 Digestive System
- Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small
and large intestine, liver, gallbladder,
appendix, rectum and, anus are its
components. Its function is to receive food and
digest turning it into nutrient molecules.
 Nervous System
- The components are brain, spinal cord, cauda
equina and nerves. Its function is to conduct
nerve impulses from the sense organs to the
brain, where they sent to the muscles and
glands.
 Endocrine System
- The components are hypothalamus, thyroid,
pituitary, parathyroid, adrenals, pancreas,
ovaries (female) and testes (male). Its function
is to secrete chemicals that act as messengers
between body organs and to keep the
reproductive system running properly. Also
metabolism, growth and development,
emotions etc.
 Reproductive System
- Its component for females are mammary

©
Biofacultymember2020
NUR11O1 Integrated Human Anatomy and Physiology
Department of Biology
Institute of Arts and Sciences
Far Eastern University
gland, uterine tube, ovaries, fallopian tubes,
uterus and, vagina. For males: testes,
epididymis, ductus deferens, urethra and,
penis. Its function are to produce sex cells.
(sperm and egg) and to produce hormones.
 Respiratory System
- Its components are nose, mouth, throat
(pharynx), voice box (larynx), trachea, bronchi
and lungs. Its function is to help us breathe
(pulmonary ventilation) and take carbon
dioxide out of lungs.
 Circulatory System
 The heart, blood arteries, and blood are the
components. Its function is to distribute nutrients
and oxygen throughout the body's cells while also
removing waste.
 Integumentary System
- The components are skin and accessory organs
like hair and nails. It’s function is to protect
tissue and regulate body temperature
 Lymphatic System
- - It is made of lymph nodes, thymus, and
spleen. Its function is to protect our bodies
healthy by draining excess fluids, transporting
fat, and maintaining bodily fluid.
1.04A. List and define six 1. Organization
characteristics of life. - Living things are made of cells. This indicates
that organisms are composed of cells. How
components work together to execute specific
functions.
2. Metabolism
- Ability to use energy.
3. Responsiveness
- refers to an organism's capacity to recognize and
respond to changes occurring either inside itself or
in its environment.
4. Growth
- refers to an increase in bodily size without a
significant change in overall shape.
5. Development
- Development is the process by which an
organism undergoes change as it grows.

©
Biofacultymember2020
NUR11O1 Integrated Human Anatomy and Physiology
Department of Biology
Institute of Arts and Sciences
Far Eastern University
6. Reproduction
- Reproduction is the process by which new
cells or organisms are form.
1.05A. Define homeostasis Homeostasis is a property of a system that regulates its
and explain why it is internal environment and tends to keep its qualities in a
important for proper body steady, relatively consistent state. From blood pressure to
function. temperature etc. It is important in proper body function
to maintain physiological balance. Everything should be
at equilibrium. It prevents us from hypothermia, diseases
and loss of homeostasis etc.
1.05B. Describe a negative- The primary mechanism for homeostatic regulation is the
feedback mechanism and negative feedback mechanism. In order to maintain an
give an example. ideal amount of whatever is being controlled, a stimulus
induces an opposite output. Example of this is regulation
of body temperature. When temperature is high or
exceeds, our brain signals our body to cool it down with
sweating.
1.05C. Describe a positive- Positive feedback happens when a change or output is
feedback mechanism and increased. It modifies and increases the normal point.
give an example Example of positive feedback mechanism is blood clotting
and baby birth.
1.06A. Describe a person in In anatomical position, a person should be in standing
anatomical position. position with feet together. Eyes, head, palms are facing
forward. Arms (upper limbs) should be on the side and
slightly apart, feet are flat, legs together and toes forward.
1.06B. Define the directional 1. Superior: toward the head end or upper part and
terms for the human body closer to head.
and use them to locate - The forehead is superior to the nose.
specific body structures. 2. Inferior: away from the head.
- The navel is inferior to the breastbone.
3. Anterior (ventral): in front of, toward, or at the
front of the body.
- The breastbone is anterior to the spine.
4. Posterior (dorsal): backside of the body.
- The heart is posterior to the breastbone.
5. Medial: close to the midline
- Head is medial to the arm.
6. Lateral: away from the midline
- Eye is lateral to the nose.
7. Proximal: close to the origin part of body part.
- Elbow is proximal to the wrist.
8. Distal: farther from the origin of the body.

©
Biofacultymember2020
NUR11O1 Integrated Human Anatomy and Physiology
Department of Biology
Institute of Arts and Sciences
Far Eastern University
- Knee is distal to the hip.
9. Deep: farther from surface
- Lungs are deep to the rib cage.
10. Superficial: toward at the body surface.
- Skin is superficial to the muscles.
1.06D. Name and describe 1. Sagittal plane
the three major planes of the - Goes through the body vertically, dividing it
body and the body organs. into right and left halves.
2. Coronal plane
3. It separates the body into anterior and posterior
parts.
4. Transverse plane
- Cuts the body or organ in half from top to
bottom.
1.06E. Describe the major The central trunk cavities are the thoracic cavity,
trunk cavities and their abdominal cavity, mediastinum cavity, and pelvic cavity.
divisions. The space inhabited by the ventral internal organs above
the diaphragm is known as the thoracic cavity. In this
cavity, there is a mediastinum cavity where the space
between lungs is found. The heart is found in this cavity.
The abdominal cavity is the space inhabited by the
ventral internal organs below the diaphragm and above
the pelvic cavity, that contains the stomach, intestines,
liver, spleen, pancreas, and kidneys. In the pelvic cavity,
the urinary bladder is found. It is the space that occupies
the ventral internal organs.
1.06F. Describe the serous Serous membranes is a thin layer of simple squamous
membranes, their locations, epithelium that line and encloses some body cavities.
and their functions. This membrane allows frictionless movement in our
organs. This fills the spaces between parietal that is the
outer membrane and visceral membranes that covers the
organs.

III. CONCLUSION: Make general statement (Maximum of three sentences on what you have
learned on this activity.

In conclusion, this activity taught me how incredible the human body is and the most complex
system ever made. Having a basic understanding of this subject and activity enables us to
comprehend how our bodies function. Thus, anatomy and physiology help to elucidate
fundamental principles about how our bodies work.

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Biofacultymember2020