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General Chemistry 1: Quarter 1 - Module 13: Limiting and Excess Reagents

This chemistry module provides instruction on limiting and excess reagents, explaining that the limiting reagent is the first reactant to be completely used up in a chemical reaction, while any remaining unreacted reactant is considered excess. It gives examples of how to determine the limiting and excess reagents by calculating the moles of each reactant and comparing to the mole ratios in the balanced chemical equation. Students are expected to understand the concepts of limiting and excess reagents and be able to identify which is which when given information about reactants in a chemical reaction.

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1K views9 pages

General Chemistry 1: Quarter 1 - Module 13: Limiting and Excess Reagents

This chemistry module provides instruction on limiting and excess reagents, explaining that the limiting reagent is the first reactant to be completely used up in a chemical reaction, while any remaining unreacted reactant is considered excess. It gives examples of how to determine the limiting and excess reagents by calculating the moles of each reactant and comparing to the mole ratios in the balanced chemical equation. Students are expected to understand the concepts of limiting and excess reagents and be able to identify which is which when given information about reactants in a chemical reaction.

Uploaded by

Lovely Malejana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region I
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ILOCOS NORTE

General Chemistry 1
Quarter 1 – Module 13:
Limiting and Excess Reagents

MELC: Explain the concept of limiting reagent in a chemical


reaction; Identify the excess reagent(s).
(STEM_GC11CRIg-h-40)

Prepared by:

DENNIS M. CANONIZADO
Teacher II
Pinili National High School
General Chemistry
1
Quarter 1 – Module 13:
Limiting and Excess Reagents
What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
about limiting and excess reagents. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many
different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of
students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the
order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now
using.

The module deals with Excess and Limiting Reagents in a Chemical Reaction.

After going through this module, you are expected to:


1. explain the concept of limiting reagent in a chemical reaction; and
2. identify the excess reagent.

What I Know

Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet
of paper.

1. The reagent that is completely used up or reacted is called .


a. excess reagent
b. limiting reagent
c. reactant
d. product

2. In a chemical reaction, reactants that are not completely consumed when the
reaction is complete is called .
a. excess reagents
b. limiting reagents
c. products
d. combustible reagents

3. In the reaction 4KO2(s) + 2H2O(l)  4KO(s) + 3O2(g), which is the limiting reagent?
a. KO2(s
b. H2O(l)
c. KO(s)
d. O2(g)

4. Potassium superoxide is used in rebreathing gas masks to generate oxygen. Given


the chemical equation in item number 3, how many moles of O2 can be produced
from 0.15 mol KO2 and 0.10 mol H2O?
a. 0.09 mol
b. 0.10 mol
c. 0.11 mol
d. 0.12 mol

5. Given the balanced equation CaCO3 + 2 HCl  CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O, what is the
excess reagent when 1.5 g of CaCO3 reacts completely with 0.73 g HCl?
a. HCl
b. CaCl2
c. CO2
d. CaCO3

Lesson
Limiting and Excess Reagents
13

What’s In

Direction: Solve the following.

1. If 23 grams of Iron (II) chloride reacts with 41 grams of sodium phosphate, what is the
limiting reagent?

2. Nitrogen gas can react with hydrogen gas to form gaseous ammonia. If 4.7 grams of
nitrogen reacts with 9.8 grams of hydrogen, how much ammonia is formed. What is the
limiting reagent in this chemical reaction?

Do you want to learn how to solve these problems? Read and study this module to
know the answers. Enjoy!
What’s New

Direction. Complete the following statement by simply identifying the missing word or group
of words. Put your answer in the blank.

I. When two or more reactants are combined in non-stoichiometric or unbalanced


ratios, the amount of product produced is limited by the
____that is not in excess. The reactant is referred to as
.
II. When doing stoichiometric problems, the must be
determined first before proceeding with the calculations.
III. In a chemical reaction, reactants that are not completely consumed are called
.

What is It

Limiting and Excess Reactants


Chemical equations give the ideal stoichiometric relationship among reactants and
products. However, the reactants for a reaction in an experiment are not necessarily a
stoichiometric mixture. In a chemical reaction, the reactants which are not completely
consumed upon the completion of the reaction are called excess reagents while the
reagents which are completely used up are called the limiting reagents because their
quantity limits or controls the amount of products to be formed.

Guides in Determining Excess and Limiting Reagents

 Step 1. Write the balanced equation for the chemical reaction.


 Step 2. Calculate the available moles of each reactant in the chemical reaction.
 Step 3. Use the balanced chemical equation to determine the mole ratio of the
reactants in the chemical reaction.
 Step 4. Compare the available ratio of moles of each reactant to the moles required
for complete reaction.
 Step 5. The limiting reagent is the reactant that will be completely used up during the
chemical reaction. There will be some moles of the excess reagent left after the
reaction has gone to completion.
Sample Problem
Solve the given problem by following the steps in determining the limiting and excess
reagents.
Find the limiting and excess reagent when 1.5 g of CaCO3 reacts completely with 0.73 g
of HCl.

 Step 1: CaCO3 + 2 HCl  CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O

 Step 2: moles of CaCO3 = mass / molar mass


= 1.5 g / 100.09 g/mol

= 0.015 mol

moles of HCl = mass / molar mass

= 0.73 g / 36.458 g/mol

= 0.02 mol

 Step 3: CaCO3 : HCl = 1:2 or HCl : CaCO3 = 1:0.5

 Step 4:

If the entire 0.015 mole of CaCO3 is to be used in the reaction, it would


require 2 x 0.015 = 0.03 mol of HCl for the reaction to be completed. There is only
0.02 mole of HCl available which is less than the required 0.03 mol.

If all of the 0.02 mol of HClis to be used in the reaction, it would require 0.5 x
0.02 = 0.01 mol of CaCO3. There is 0.015 mol of CaCO3 available which is more than
the required 0.01 mole.

 Step 5: The limiting reagent is HCl while the excess reagent is CaCO3.

What’s More

Direction: Solve the given problem by following the steps in determining the limiting and
excess reagents.
Chloroform reacts with chlorine to form carbon tetrachloride and hydrogen chloride.
Supposed a given experiment, 25 grams of chloroform and 25 grams of chlorine
were mixed, what is the maximum yield of carbon tetrachloride in moles and in
grams? What is the limiting reagent?

What I have Learned


1. In a chemical reaction, reactants which are not completely consumed when the
reaction is complete are called excess reagents.

2. The reagent that is completely used up is called the limiting reagent.

3. When solving limiting reactant problems, assume each reactant is limiting reactant.

What I Can Do

Direction: Solve the problem by providing the complete answers and solutions.
Methane burns in oxygen to give carbon dioxide and water. Write the chemical
equation of the reaction provided a mixture of 0.250 mol of methane was burned in
1.25 mol of oxygen in a sealed steal vessel. Find the limiting reagent and calculate
the maximum yield of water in moles?

Assessment

Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet
of paper.

1. In the reaction 4KO2(s) + 2H2O(l)  4KO(s) + 3O2(g), which is the limiting reagent?
a. KO2(s
b. H2O(l)
c. KO(s)
d. O2(g)

2. The reagent that is completely used up or reacted is called .


a. excess reagent
b. limiting reagent
c. reactant
d. product

3. Potassium superoxide is used in rebreathing gas masks to generate oxygen. Given


the chemical equation in item number 3, how many moles of O2 can be produced
from 0.15 mol KO2 and 0.10 mol H2O?
a. 0.09 mol
b. 0.10 mol
c. 0.11 mol
d. 0.12 mol

4. Given the balanced equation CaCO3 + 2 HCl  CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O, what is the
excess reagent when 1.5 g of CaCO3 reacts completely with 0.73 g HCl?
a. HCl
b. CaCl2
c. CO2
d. CaCO3

5. In a chemical reaction, reactants that are not completely consumed when the
reaction is complete is called .
a. excess reagents
b. limiting reagents
c. products
d. combustible reagents

Additional Activities

Take a picture of your favorite “kakanin” and explain the making of this chosen native
delicacy its significance in limiting and excess reagents. Create a photo essay by giving your
own description of the picture.

Rubric for Photo Essay

Criteria 4 3 2 1
Creativity Provides unique Some unique Interesting No evidence of
and interesting aspects evident elements unique or
approach to which add to support the interesting
subject story message story but are not elements.
unique.

Content Thorough Limited but Disorganized No relationship


explanation organized explanation can be seen.
on the explanation on the
relationship of on the relationship of
the photo essay relationship of the photo essay
and the lesson the photo essay and the lesson
and the lesson
Grammar and Uses proper Technically Writing has Multiple
Usage structure, well-written with technical technical
grammar, and some interest to problems but problems with
punctuation. support story overall message narrative which
is supported. detracts from
overall
message.
Photography Lightning, Lightning, Either quality of Neither photo
angles, angles, photos are not quality nor the
composition, composition, consistent and story support is
cropping and cropping and do not support evident in the
content support content support the story. image.
story. Variety of story.
images.

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