CA-1: Research Methodology I

Course code: QTTM509

Submitted by: Submitted to:

Name: Gaurav Sharma Mr. Tanveer Kajla
Registration No. : 12107299
Roll No. : RQ2143B38

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 Annexure-V- Cover Page for Academic Tasks

Couse Code: QTTM509 Course Title: Research Methodology - I

Course Instructor: Mr. Tanveer Kajla

Academic Task No.: 1 Academic Task Title: Class Assessment

Date of Allotment: 11/09/2021 Date of Submission: 22/09/2021

Student Roll No: RQ2143B38 Student Registration No: 12107299

Evaluation Parameters:
The evaluation parameters are as under:
1. A specific area of research will be identified by the specific group. Preferably related
to economics and financial aspects.
2. Develop a research question that you would like to consider in this area. Consider
what you hope to prove/disprove by carrying out a statistical analysis learned in the
classes and consider whether a statistical analysis is achievable and/or appropriate to
the data.
3. Think about where you will get data to carry out research in this topic. Some
suggested data sources are as under:
❖ CSO
❖ RBI Bulletin
❖ UNCTAD
❖ NSSO
❖ IRDA
❖ WHO
❖ World Bank
❖ NSSO
❖ MOSPI
❖ NSSO
(This is a tentative list of data sources and apart from these databases student can obtain
the data from other databases also). The student is required to incorporate at least 4-5
different data sets for the assignment submission.
Assignment will be evaluated on the basis of :
a. Short Introduction (3 marks)
b. Note on data and research question(3 marks)
c. Descriptive statistics (Appropriate Graphs and Tables) (4 marks)
d. Appropriate tools and technique used (10 marks)
e. Conclusion and Recommendations (10 marks)
*Conclusion should be based on the components of (b), (c), and (d).

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Learning Outcomes:
A clear understanding required on the part of students that how they understood the concepts
related to descriptive statistics.

Declaration:

I declare that this Assignment is my individual work. I have not copied it from any other
student’s work or from any other source except where due acknowledgement is made
explicitly in the text, nor has any part been written for me by any other person.
Student’s Signature: Gaurav Sharma

Evaluator’s comments (For Instructor’s use only)

General Observations Suggestions for Improvement Best part of assignment

Evaluator’s Signature and Date:

Marks Obtained: Max. Marks:

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PEER RATING

Registration Roll number Name of the Rating Consent

number student (Out of 10) provided

12107165 RQ2143B37 Gargi Pathak 9 Yes

12107520 RQ2143B40 Andru. Vinyasri 8 Yes
12107299 RQ2143B38 Gaurav Sharma 7 Yes
12107477 RQ2143B39 Shivam Mishra 6 Yes

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 TOPIC
POPULATION: AN ASSET OR A
LIABILITY FOR INDIA

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 POPULATION: AN ASSET OR A LIABILITY FOR INDIA

The population of India represents 17.99% of the world´s total population which arguably
means that one person in every 6 people on the earth is a resident of India. India is the second
most populated country in the world and is believed to surpass the population of China in
coming years. India is projected to be the world’s most populous country by 2024. Its
population growth rate is 1.13%, ranking 112th in the world in 2017. More than 50% of
Indian population is below the age of 25 and more than 65% below the age of 35. It is
expected that in 2020 average age of an Indian will be 29 years and dependency ratio will be
just over 0.4. Persons are means as well as ends of economic development. They are an asset
if in adequate strength and prove to be a liability if excess in strength. Population has crossed
the optimum limit in India and has become a liability. So, the issue of population explosion in
India has proved to be a grave concern in the success of economic planning and development.
Population is means as well as ends of economic development in India. It an asset if in
adequate strength and prove to be a liability if excess in strength. Population has crossed the
optimum limit in India and has become a liability. So, problem of overpopulation in India has
proved to be a big obstacle in the success of economic planning and development. The
current population of India contributes to 17% of the global population. Also, all these people
are unevenly distributed across 3.28 million square kilometers of our geographical area.
According to Unique Identification Aadhar India, updated Dec 2020, Indian population in
2021 is estimated to be 1.39 billion (139 Crores), by mid of year 2020, the projected
population is 1,370,508,600. For a country like India, which is a developing nation, there
exist multiple challenges. These notions not only impact the economic growth of the country
but also hinder the development of people.
As per the economic concept of treating a human as a resource, it is very important to
consider the following factors:
1. Education
2. Health and well-being
3. Employment opportunities
When the above – mentioned needs of the human population are met, only then can a human
be treated as a resource. Education involves at least a basic primary level literacy, health and
well-being involves a healthy and safe surrounding and employment opportunities refer to the
basic level of job availability in the nation. Once people turn into a resource, they can be
beneficial in the strata of overall growth and enhance the status of a country. With these three
factors being a matter of prime concern, this research highlights the performance of INDIA.
The data used in the analysis is procured from the official website of the WORLD BANK.
The World Bank is an international organization accredited to United Nations. It serves as the
biggest source of finance for developing nations. The reliability and credibility of the data
analyzed is quite high as per the understanding of the group members. The information used
in the analysis is the latest as available on the site, dated 15/09/2021.

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OBJECTIVES OF THE ANALYSIS

1. To analyze the performance of India in terms of education.

2. To study the condition of health situations, present in India.
3. To figure out the scenario of employment in India.
4. To justify the topic of the research.

LIMITATIONS OF THE ANALYSIS

1. Lack of time might have affected the research.

2. Human errors have been taken utmost care of, but they may be present.
3. The data of the year 2020 is not available for a lot of variables.
4. The data analyzed is quite huge. Thus, correlation might be a concern.

DATA SET AND ANALYSIS

Techniques used in analysing data are:

1: MEAN
2: MEDIAN
3: STANDARD DEVIATION
These techniques helped in analysing the data of population as it allows for the ease of data
visualization. It allows for data to be presented in a meaningful and understandable way,
which, in turn, allows for a simplified interpretation of the data set in question. Raw data
would be difficult to analyse, and trend and pattern determination may be challenging to
perform. In addition, raw data makes it challenging to visualize what the data is showing.
Furthermore, these techniques allow for a data set to be summarized and presented through a
combination of tabulated and graphical descriptions and a discussion of the results found.
These techniques are used to summarize complex quantitative data.
As mode is not used, it can be helpful in some analyses, but generally it does not contain
enough accurate information to be useful in determining the shape of a distribution. When it
is not a "Normal Distribution" the Mode can be misleading, although it is helpful in
conjunction with the Mean for defining the amount of skewness in a distribution.
With modern calculation devices the simplicity of calculating or observing the Mode is
overtaken by the ease of calculating the Mean and Standard Deviation.

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How many people enroll for the basic level of education?

INDICATOR 2018 2019 2020

School enrolment, pre-primary, female (% 62.02412 64.20426 64.20426
gross)
School enrolment, secondary, female (% gross) 74.05851 74.95496 74.52296
School enrolment, secondary, male (% gross) 72.95887 73.86635 73.14083
School enrolment, tertiary (% gross) 27.44213 28.06055 28.5729
School enrolment, tertiary (gross), gender 1.04021 1.06508 1.10283
parity index (GPI)
School enrolment, tertiary, male (% gross) 26.91141 27.17026 27.11052
Source: World Bank Report CAQTTM Excel.xlsx
Education is considered to be the vital component while defining the population as an asset.
In case of India, differentiation between the two genders is evidentiary. As stated in the table,
Gender Parity Index is a socioeconomic index usually designed to measure the relative access
to education of males and females. This ratio has remained constant for the last 3 years which
is not a good sign. With the aim to enhance the quality of the population, the children need to
be sent to school without gender discrimination. The other information related to pre-primary
enrolment (male) and tertiary enrolment (female) is not available.
Pre-primary school comprises Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE). It enrolls
children in nursery (infants up to three years), lower kindergarten (LKG) (three-to-four years
old’s) and upper kindergarten (UKG) (four-to-five-year old’s). This caters to infants and
children up to six years of age.
Secondary school in India starts in grade nine and continues through graduation from grade
12.
The various studies after Plus Two or Higher secondary can be termed as Tertiary level
education in Indian education system.

Does health have an impact on the development of India?

India is one of the countries with the largest population, along with the increasing population
there is also the increasing deaths. As shown in the table below, there is more birth rate when
compared to the death rate. On an average there is 40% death rate to the birth rate which
results in an increasing population.
INDICATOR 2017 2018 2019
Birth rate, crude (per 1,000 people) 18.083 17.857 17.644
Death rate, crude (per 1,000 people) 7.21 7.234 7.265
% Of death rate to the birth rate 39.87 40.51 41.18
Source: World Bank Report CAQTTM Excel.xlsx

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The table shows the mortality rate caused due to several factors. By using the standard
deviation technique, we can understand that there isn’t much variation in the mortality rates
along the years.

MORTALITY RATE 2017 2018 2019

CVD, cancer, diabetes or CRD between exact ages 30 22.2 22 21.9
and 70
Road traffic injury 15.2 15.5 15.6
Unintentional poisoning 0.3 0.3 0.3
Suicide 12 12.6 12.7
Source: World Bank Report CAQTTM Excel.xlsx
Due to the constant birth rate and death rate the health indicator is not affecting drastically
but on contrary the per capita health expenditure has been increasing over the years due to the
increasing population.

How is the employment ratio being affected with the increasing population?

INDICATOR 2017 2018 2019

Employers, total (% of total employment) 1.92 2.01 2.05
Employers, female (% of female employment) 0.51 0.52 0.56
Employers, male (% of male employment) 2.28 2.39 2.42
Employment in agriculture 43.93 43.33 42.6
Employment in services 31.21 31.72 32.28
Employment in industry 24.86 24.95 25.12
Vulnerable employment 75.42 74.54 73.79
Wage and salaried workers 22.66 23.46 24.17

Source: World Bank Report CAQTTM Excel.xlsx

India tops the list of having highest number of youths with 36 million young people. With
that being said the young people need an employment to earn the livelihood with their
knowledge and skills. But the available employment has failed to reach the demand. So, the
people have started looking for a diversity in occupation and also were greatly interested in
start-ups and the business which in turn created more employment ratio and has also become
an important factor in the increasing economic growth over the years.
By applying the descriptive statistic techniques, we can understand that there isn’t a drastic
variation in the employment ratio over the years because the population and employment are
increasing proportionally.
The gender – based perspective can be drawn in the case of employment as well, since it is
evident from the tabulated data.

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CONCLUSION

These words of Sadhguru inspire the idea of treating the Indian population as an asset.
Converting of this idea into a practice is still a question of feasibility because with a huge
population of 139 crores, it is a challenge.
Firstly, for any individual to serve as an asset, education is the prerequisite. As per the
analysis, there exists a scope of enrolling 25% – 30% (approximately) population. This
indicates that there is still a gap between the goal of attaining complete literacy and the
current condition of perspective of people towards education. In addition to this, if the
population holds the basic knowledge, then they can utilize the government facilities by
increasing the level of awareness in the field of their interest.
Literacy and level of education are basic indicators of the level of development achieved by a
society. Spread of literacy is generally associated with important traits of modern civilization
such as modernization, urbanization, industrialization, communication and commerce.
Literacy forms an important input in overall development of individuals enabling them to
comprehend their social, political and cultural environment better and respond to it
appropriately. Higher levels of education and literacy lead to a greater awareness and also
contributes in improvement of economic and social conditions. It acts as a catalyst for social
upliftment enhancing the returns on investment made in almost every aspect of development
effort, be it population control, health, hygiene, environmental degradation control,
employment of weaker sections of the society.
According to the Census 2001, as many as 560,687,797 persons in the country are literate.

Secondly, as far as the determinant of health is concerned, with the development in

technology and progress of medical science, there have been significant enhancements. The
life expectancy has increased in the past few years and the mortality rate has decreased to
considerable figures. This positive change in the field of health highlights the fact that the
government has been successful in terms of providing health and medical facilities to the

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rural areas of the nation as well. The improvement in this sector would impact the population
positively. If the people stay healthy, they can serve as an asset and the investment put into
them by the government can easily yield proportional results.

Thirdly, with respect to employment opportunities, there has been a decrease in the working
population of the country. It has come down to 32% in 2019 from 35% in 2017. This is not a
positive indicator for the nation. This affects the overall growth of the country and to state
worse, it disturbs the social balance between the rich and poor. It is not appropriate to project
GDP growth and employment elasticity over a long period of 25 years. Though the growth of
labour force will slow down, but the elasticity of employment will also fall, which means that
pressure on labour market will not ease. As agricultural work opportunities continue to
shrink, the informal sector will grow rapidly. To cope up with such expected trends,
strategies are needed to promote labour intensive and capital saving technologies.
Employment creation in small establishments will have to be promoted by incentives linked
with jobs created rather than capital invested. Migrant labour will increase social pressures. A
strategy to raise the wage levels of those who migrate will have to be based on a massive
programme for development of vocational skills. A simple but broad-based social security
system will have to be developed to improve quality of employment in a scenario where
migrant workers will be rapidly growing. Such a social security system coupled with better
labour incomes, based on better productivity of trained manpower, will facilitate the
conversion of emerging work opportunities into meaningful jobs, where chances of extreme
exploitation of labour get eliminated.
Hence, to draw a closure, it can be stated that the population of India has a lot of calibre, but
is yet to prove it to be an asset. A small sample of the huge population that is well-off cannot
determine the fate of the entire nation. It is going to be a time-taking process and would take
a lot of effort to completely convert the Status of population from being a liability to a
valuable asset. There are a lot of attributes other than education, health and employment
opportunities that affect and are impacted by how the people of the country perform. In order
to achieve the goal of transforming the inhabitants of India into strength, a 360-degree
analysis is required. Moreover, a mix of contingency planning and proactive approach shall
prove to be the best-suited course of action.

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REFERENCES:

https://data.worldbank.org/country/india?view=chart
https://censusindia.gov.in/census_and_you/literacy_and_level_of_education.aspx
https://niti.gov.in/planningcommission.gov.in/docs/reports/genrep/bkpap2020/32_bg2020.pdf

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