i} Non ered td anne Angela BandiAngela Bandis Diana Shotton NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC LEARNING ore United KingdomContents ran) eos 41 Do You Mind? _ |rmutiptechoice Personality S18 ras ve tions & expressions, pre 2 Bright Ideas __|muitisle metching scionce & technology efor, orbs, aefoctve p 19-22 ampound nou phraces to express the futuro, prepostons, word formic, future in the past. loss, collscatiore & oxprousone REVIEW 1! Vocabulary & Grammar 33-24 3 Fight On! J missing peregrophs society & politics, word fora we, tensive & intransitive 5-48] prrsal | verbs, avoiding the paseve, passa causative with got, key formation, 4 Express multiple-choice, model verbs, modality, part tence Yourself esl, gave forms eed & 9-62 os REVIEW 2! Vocabulary & Grammar p 63-64 5 IFAtFirst mssina hopes & dreams, mutplechoice | cortonss You Don't = a Succeed tions 8 erptesons, 965-78 6 Madé ot muliple choice money, multiple-choice ck imveron, £08 such, una! pact 6 would rather, woud prefer & had Morey ee Phrasal verbs, colocation: & | better key word transformation, expressions REVIEW 3: Vocabulary & Grammar p 93-94 7 Distant Shores | missing paregr Terra culture, Eee 95-108 rasa verbs, word formation, | modifying adverbs, on B Knowledge is | multiple matching, education, word formation, reporting verb pattems, reporting Bower hal suggestions & questions, reporting verbs, pre expressions sitions, coloce verbs fllowed by a gerund, cloze, » 109-122] REVIEW 4: Vocabulary & Grammar » 123-124 9 Flying the Nest | mutiple work, eoze, relative causes, relative pronouns, p 125-138 word formation, phraeal_ | participle causes, clauses of recon, vetbs, callocatione & expression Purpose, ret word eransformatio trast key 40 Because rrissing parsarachs conaumecem, muiplecheice table & uncountable nouns, = 0 pronouns, artes, open cloze, a prepositions, word formation, phrasal Worth it! Jeers 139 REVIEW 6: Vocabulary & Grammar » 153-184 11 Say Cheese! _ | mutticle-chaice media, word formation gerunds,infntves p 155-168) ‘collocation & expres | a Rea, RTE | RR oe eetcoes |Srunerhwneind a) Coes pounce meeps REVIEW 6! Vocabulary & Grammar p 183-184 Grammer Referens p 185-200 Speaking: Exam Tasks content p01aa) | muttipte-choice, | mutisle metching, mukiplo-choiee, nce completion, multiple matching antence completion, mutiple matching, mukipl choice, Speaking Reference: Writing Reference: introducing yourself yourself lking about talking about domestic robots, coll orative task, Your pertner to speak ‘about the environment & organising your thoughts, hesitating/being uncertain, responding to ‘ot your partner said talking about language & Using discourse ratkers to start o expressing an afterthought, chang 9 ‘personal aspirations, ‘evaluating, comparing, talking about money & moral decisions, long turn, keeping discourse going disapprove, summing up expressing talking about volunteering abroad, ‘explaining, ompating, recommending, coaching 2 talking about spend king about signs of maturity, collaborative tosk responding appropriately, ag disagreeing politely, suggesting cing & talking about responsible consumerism, jong tur, nding to follow-up questions, ‘ining in, interrupting politely, harcing back ota, fecommending, reaching & Consensus talking about celebrations, involving your partner, supporting opinions with exemples, changing the subject 3 Collocati Prope sitions: \s & Expressions: p21 pus & effect view (1), underetanding the of ar ontent ground, ling, cilking, article (1), engaging your reader, questions 0 engage the reader, uring imperstv encouraging involvement letter following letterwaiting ting your teason for writing giving reasons & ating you have no mote | discussing benefits of using social media, assessing a future rola ‘stay (2), analysing contresting texts oneiuding ng & | essay (3), choosing botwoen two topics, introduerng| your topic, changing topic, presenting igumente ‘stay (4), analysing complementary report (1) u a report, ‘ving recommendations standing the content introduction 2), how acti fr from essays, article (3), using narratives in ances, talking about characters and insecuritias, advertising and consumeriem review (2), understanding the pur talking about famous people, biographier, why ite worth reading report (2), geting the most out ofthe romp material, talking about aspects introducing positives ancl Neon Sees Surviving Deadly Everest Alaskan Money Laundering Reef Cleaner Skateboards from ‘A Polar Picture Rite of Passoge: Do You Mind? multiple-choice, looking for the main purpose or idea of a text personality-related words, phrasal verbs, collocations & expressions, prepositions, eliminating wrong answers review of present & present perfect tenses, simple & continuous tenses, used to / would, auxiliaries, thinking about the meaning of a text multipl introducing yourself, giving personal information, talking about yourself ), planning & organising a discursive essay, planning sentences ene ys "Eee ae Shnlbnnys eine oh en si 7Do You Mind? Reading A Read the list of factors that influence human behaviour. Which factor(s) can you change? Which factor(s) do you have no control over? = genetics * thoughts and feelings + the physical environment + interaction with other individuals * interaction within and between gre Text 1 PHINEAS GAGE: A TEXTBOOK CASI Unbeknown to Phineas Gage, a terrible brain injury that he sustained in 1848 contributed to the history of neuroscience {and psychology, His miraculous survival, and the effects ofthe injury upon his character, mede Gage an important case study for scientists concerned with the brain andl human behaviour. At the time of the accident, 25-year-old Gage was working as a foreman on the construction of a ralltoad in Vermont, USA. In those days, dynamite was often used to blast away rock and clear ‘2 path forthe riley. One day, Gage was using a fong iron rod 10 compact explosives into @ hole in the rock. Upon hitting the rack, the iron tod produced a spark that ignited the explosives. The Subsequent blast propelled the rod through Gages left cheek, tore through his brain and exited through the top of his skull, ancing some ten metres away. Fearing the worst, his family made funeral arrangements. Against all odds, however, after intially slipping into a semicomatose state, Gage recovered. physically atleast. Mentally though, his injury appeared to have produced a dramatic change in his Personality. From being well-iked and successful, he became rude, aggressive and socially inappropriate. According to his friends and acquaintances, he was no longer himself. Although he lost his Position as a foreman, he managed to hold down other jobs, but died twelve years later following a series of epileptic seizures, In modem psychology his condition is known as post-traumatic social disinhibition acquired as a result ofthe damage to the frontal {obe. We now know that this part ofthe brain is our emotional Control centre and home to our personality. Itis involved in a whole range of high-level cognitive functions, such as decision-making, planning, inhibiting inappropriate behaviour, social interaction, Understanding other people and self-awareness, However, in the nineteenth century, scientists were struggling to understand these, ‘connections. Gage’ injuries proved the first solid evidence for a link between brain trauma and personality change, Today, research is still being conducted into his condition and the ‘majority of introductory psychology textbooks mention Gage. His skull and the iron rod are on display at the Warren Anatomical ‘Museum at Harvard University and are the most sought-out items there. assist optimal development B Quickly read Text 1. What caused the drastic change in the man’s behaviour? Which factor in A best describes the cause? Why? © Quickly read Text 2. How did the AIFS study differ from other studies? Text 2 What is positive development? N A ground-breaking 30-year study into childhood temperament and its impact on adult behaviours, conducted by the Australian Institute of Family Studies (AIFS), tracked the progress and well-being of more than 1,000 to their late twenties. ildren from infancy Many studies collect data about what goes wrong in young people's lives, and this information is, invaluable, but itis only part of an intricate mosaic. ‘The AIFS researchers are keenly interested in what is going right in the lives of young adults. Much of their research is devoted to looking at young people's successes and skills, and evidence that they are thriving. This is called positive development. Positive development is not simply the absence of problems, but involves achieving optimal development and wellbeing. In measuring positive development in young people, researchers look for attributes and behaviours that enable them to take an active role in the community; be trusting and tolerant of people in society, especially those from different backgrounds; have confidence that important organisations in society would generally behave ethically and fairly; be responsible and empathetic in their relationships with others; and feel satished with their life and where it is heading, ‘Young people high in these qualities are considered to be developing positively and functioning well. Equally important to researchers is which determinants earlier in life help people to develop these strengths and thrive as young adults. To answer this, they looked back to the data the young | people and their families had provided when they were children and adolescents. They found that young people who thrived later on in life tended in childhood and adolescence to have experienced strong family relationships, strong relationships with their peers, better adjustment to life at school, better control over their emotions, and an interest in community involvement. The study concluded that all of these experiences are assets in helping young people to flourish as they become adults ‘The findings are an invaluable resource for developing interventions and programmes that Teduce risks and also strengthen protective factors toD Read the Exam Close-up. Then look at the Exam Task below and read the options for each question. E Now complete the Exam Task. each passage. Toxt 1 11 What's the main purpose of the passage? 2 to provide an introduction to psychology to explain how the human brain functions to show how an accident led to a breakthrough d to describe the limitations of nineteenth century scientists 2 According to the passage, what happened to Gage during the accident? The exploding rock hit his head b_ He was injured by the dynamite € He was thrown a distance of ten metres. 4. The rod went straight through him. 3 Asa consequence of his injury, Gage 2 displayed a loss of social inhibitions b_ was unable to find other employment. € immediately suffered seizures that led to his death. dno longer had any friends 4 What can be inferred from the last paragraph? Gage’s brain has become a popular exhibit b_ Fascination with Gage continues ¢ His condition stil baffles scientists, d_ Many books have been written about him. F Find words in the texts that mean the same as the following. 1. to experience loss, injury or damage . 2 Jolving conscious intellectual activity a serious injury best, ideal or top having the ability to understand another's feelings a factor or cause wee Read the two passages from a scientific journal, then answer questions according to the information given in Looking for the main purpose or idea of a text The options will include statements about the text that are true, but which do not represent the overall purpose ‘or main idea. For these questions, eliminate the options that give information about only one aspect of the toxt. Look at the remaining options to see which one encompasses the writer's main point of view, or purpose Exam Task Text 2 What is the passage mainly about? examining individual growth b overcoming problems © the benefits of long studies ways of researching behaviour In the second sentence of paragraph 3, to what does the word them refer? 2 researchers b attributes € behaviours d_ young people ‘According to the passage, what can be inferred about young people who are not developing positively? 2 Mary of their relationships are troubled. b_ Thoy possibly ack faith in the authorities. There islittle that can be done for them d_ They possess no positive attributes. What will the results of the study likely lead to? better parenting improved peor relationships methods for assisting some children suggestions for further research nec ‘Behaviouris the product of amulttude ofinterrelated | Ideas Focus factors.’ Which factors influence you the most? Why? Js evil the result of circumstances or choices? What about good? Do you think it’s OK for a man or woman to show emotior public? Why? / Why not?1 Do You Mind? A Complete the words in the sentences with the prefixes ab-, dys-, mal- and mis-. What meaning do these prefixes sharo? 1 Hiswasa spent youth, devoted only to pleasurable pastimes and pursuits Ws ater ly functional relationship; | don't know why they're still together Sadly, children who suffer continued neg ct often become ___ adjusted adults. The psychologist was at a loss to explain the patient's errant behaviour. Trauma to the brain led to a(n) normal mental cor ion in the patient. curr Our old neighbour was quite the anthrope who avoided all human contact. ig B Complete the sentences with the words in the correct form. arouse assert bear breed conduct exert swallow vent 1 2 3 4 Why don’t you just your pride and apologise to your friend? 5. The football ‘6 7 8 y themselves appallingly during the return flight Mike's so-called friends were: Whe Venessa began to pressure on him to quit university bour's curiosity her independence once she turned 18 fever we have visitors, it C Circle the odd ones out. 1 adamant cynical inflexible obstinate 2 clated ——_jubilent overjoyed meticulous 3 apathetic dispassionate uneasy withdrawn 4 compulsive neurotic ‘obsessive obnoxious 5 amiable impassive poised — serene 6 eloquent principled scrupulous upright D Use the odd words out in C to complete the sentences below. 1. He'll never change; he'll always be a nasty, bad-tempered, litle man! 2. It pleasure to be in her company as she is always so and welcoming, 3. Madge had become in her old age and was distrustful of my motive for helping he 4 An speaker, the prime minister had won many battles in parliament over the years. 5 pect began to feel when the detective mentioned a CCTV camere. 6 by nature, Alex made sure every detail was perfect on the day of the wedding. eet Cet eeeE Circle the correct words. 1. Research says that boys are more gullible / vulnerable to peer pressure than girls. 2. Henry, whom you saw me with earlier, is @ distant / remote relative of mine. 3. enjoy Tina's company very much and she says the feeling is mutual / reciprocal. 4 That couple fight a k companionable / com they're not in the least bit 5 Wherever Bill is, you'll find Ben; those two are inseparable / unified. 6 Rob and Deb aren't a couple; their relationship is purely philosophical / platonic. 7 Nothing compares to a parent's conditioned / unconditional love for their child Alex isa loving husband who is devoted / dependent to his wife, Maria. Phrasal verbs F Complete the sentences ith the phrasal verbs in the correct form. 1. ‘How long have you known Gina? ‘Oh, we years. 2. Gavin is looking for » new place because he with his flatmate 3 They used to be thick as thieves, but they ears ago. 4. Martin says he intends to tr 5. It looks as though Emma ‘and wasn't really interested in him 6 Please don't let asilly argument you and your closest friend. 7 Youn pegpig.ot with their peers 8 James the courage to say no whery cl t0 stoal 2 car 9 How does your st sncfit you? What do you it? 10 Believe me, if you what you believe" ple will respect you for it. G Circle the correct words. Richard won't stop talking and I'm trying to concentrate. He's doing / pushing my head int Jake's friends are always urging / egging him on to do stupid things, 20 he's constantly in trouble. Stop tessing /\windingUess up about her new boyfriend — just leave her alone! | hate having to speak in front of big audience —it really stresses / pressures me out, 5. Kate was supposed to pick me up at eight of clock, but she let put me down again! 6 Lalways try to do some kind of exercise at work ~it relaxes / chills me out after a busy day. Collocations & Expressions H Complete the expressions with these words. 1 jt with Tom, which was @ real slap in the 6 I'm shocked thatBig betrayed me by gossiping about. for his ego. me behind my 2 Tdont ax trustworthy, which is why keep 7 Even though he's anmoyin ss pot to argue him at length. with him, s0 just bite your 3 Amyis al se she's gotahuge «8 Henryisn't very ta pens his e chip on her mouth, he puts his ini 4 Thope I can jecause need to get 9 When Charlie disco ruth, he gove his something off m Girfiend Jess the 5 or achisetfme 10 keep a cool 10 My brother isan a6 a luring the exam but what can 'do? He's fail!Do You Mind? Prepositions I Circle the correct words. 1 I'min/on tune with my bestfriend 7. Don't fore me to do anything against / out of my wil 2 Angry? He was beneath / beside himsoif! 8. Jackis feeling down end isin / within a rut 3. My mothern-law and | are on / with good terms. 9. She's thrilled! She's on / up cloud nine 4 Ob, no! m in / into his bed books now. 10 He never felt at / with ease around my friends. 5 Mary really is @ country grat / by hoart. 11 Iwas nervous and in / on edge before my date & Werner and | are of / on the same wavelength 12 What she did was totally beyond / out of character. J Read the Exam Close-up. Then complete the Exam Task below. Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. 1 He's been acting strangely lately, What do you his behaviour to? a. associate b attribute distribute d_ dispose 2 In their close-knit ____, the airls gossiped about everyone without exception a b mob © company d- clique 3. Those who have low are more likely to be unduly influenced by peers. a. self-content b self-satisfaction © self-esteem self-sufficiency 4 Don't worry, you need my support, | will definitely, a back you up. b look you up take you up crack you up 5 Jack was outbursts of anger whenever he felt that he was under pressure. a pulled b prone to © pushed d_ tempt 6 Marcus was isappointed when his friendship with Tom ended badly. a. heavily b widely absolutely d bitterly 7 She was advised to clear of the school troublemaker, a be b steer hold d_ move 8 Zelda folt like a(n) at school because she hadn't made any friends, a. outsider b intruder © newcomer novice Eliminating wrong answers + Read each sentence carefully and then look at the answer options. * Identify those that you think are clearly wrong, Cross these out. * Read the sentence again and try the remaining ‘options in the gap. * Ones you have chosen your answer, read the sentence again to chock that it makes sense. “Childhood friends always drift apart’ Do you agree? | 0 Why? / Why not? + Do.couples that often fight have suonger relationships than | ‘eas Focus J those that don't? Why? / Why not? * Men gossip about people behind their backs just as much as women. Do you agree? Why? / Why not?Review of Present & Present Perfect Tenses A. Read the sentences and match 1-4 with ad. 1 Nouroscientists have made exciting new discoveries about how the brain works: oO 2 know what you're thinking, it hows on ‘your face. [ 3. I've been trying to work out this purvie for ages and I've just solved it. 4. He's unhappy at work because his colleagues ‘are alvvays bullying him Present Continuous for a situation happening now, Present Simple with a stative verb, Present Perfact Simple for an unspecified time in the past, Present Simple for o scientific fact Present Simple with the verb to be, Present Continuous to express an annoying habit Prasent Perfect Continuous to emphasise how long actions have been in progress, Present Perfect Simple for an ‘event that has just finished Simple & Continuous tenses B Can you name the tenses used in these pairs of sentences? What is the difference in meaning betweon each pair? 1. I've been getting to know her. I've got to know her. 2 The dog smelt terrible. The dog was smelling the flowers. 3. The patient had forgotten to take her pills. The patient had been forgetting to take her pills. 4. They imagine themselves somewhere calm. They are imagining themselves somewhere calm. 5 l understood the problem. | was working on a solution. © Which verb form is used for the following, Continuous or Simple? 10 focus on the duration of an action to focus on completion of an action a to express that an action may still be happening ‘to express that an action or idea is permanent. with a stative verb that cannot be used to express an action [org eer EET REE D Choose the correct options to complete the sentences. 41. Even though he for yoars, | 4. He's been suffering from anwiety, so for the still don’t know much about him —he tends to keep next three months he himself to himself psychotherapist every week. 2 works here 2 isseeing b_ has been working here b has seen © is working here © saw 2 ‘at my phone when the teacher 5 After her parents’ marriage broke down, her bad noticed whet | was up to and he lost his temper. behaviour its lowest ebb and a have looked she was expelled from school b looked was reaching € was looking b reached 3 She___hiim for three months and © hasreached they've now decided to get married - | really don't 6 The old man believed that his personality had been think it’s a good idea to marry someone you've only determined by his genes rather than the environment just met he up in, 2 has only been knowing him ais growing has only known b had grown © knows him © grows 1"Do You Mind? E Circle the correct words. 1. Iimsorry,| wasn't meaning /didn’tmesntoberude, 6 2. She couldn't attend the party because she had already been making / made plans. Z 3. When they were little, the brothers were forever / never fighting 8 4 The whole family needs / i needing @ holiday. 5. She had been receiving / had received several 2 marriage proposals. 10 They had been / were planning to mest up for months but never menaged to. Come on, own up! Who has been / was chenging the settings on my tablet? Which part of the brain controls / is controlling the emotions? That's the last time | tell / told you a secret! ‘The neuroscientist was studying / studied short term memory when he made the breakthrough. F Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. In each sentence use one Continuous and one Simple form. 1. Recently, scientists still —_ (need) to do more research, 2 She always (know) when her brother red. 31 4 The criminal months before she was arrested, {fall asleep when a thought 5 The researchers offce is quiet because he (think) 6 The writer her fifth Used to, Would & Will G Read the paragraph and answer the questions. Inher youth, she used not to like social gatherings end would always choose to stay at home with a good book rather than go toa party. She used to have one or two very good friends and they would have deep Conversations about serious subjects, which Used to go on for hours. H Read the sentences. 1. In the evenings she will invariably relax at home. 2. Asa child she would normally go to bed early 3. They will leave the door open; they're just so thoughtless! Auxiliaries 1 Read the sentences and then circle the correct words to complete the rule. 1 Ilove nature walks, es do my children 2. She seldom gets angry, and ifshe does, she never takes it out on others 3 We learnt to compromise, but before we di, we used 10 argue alot 4 They made up, and after they had, they became good friends. (not understand) thet someone (make) several important discoveries about how the brain works but they (lie} because he would turn bright (occur) to me. (follow) her for (not ike) a lot of distractions when he (sell) her first novel a decade ago and currently she (work) on What other way can we form the negative with used t0? In which cases can used to replace would? In which cases can would replace used to? In which cases is only used to possible? Which sentences from H express: a » past routines that no longer happen? tho speaker's annoyance? ‘expected behaviour in the present? We use an auxiliary for emphasis. When speaking we don't stress / stress the auxiliary. Instead of repeating / changing the whole verb, we can use the auxiliary Usually the auxiliary depends on the main verb, so if the main verb is in the simple present / pest, we use the auniliary form ‘do’ or does’. The aus ~ahvays in the same tense es the main verb. Sle a SO SED)J Rewrite part of the sentence to show the ‘meaning of the auxiliary in bold. Follow the example given. 1 Icon'tknow him, but even if dd, | wouldn't Thinking about the meaning ofa text speak tohim. LE enew him * Use the ttle and read the whole text quickly to get the 2 We took a personality test and after general idee of what tis about we had, we checked our results Make sure you understand the moaning ofthe sentences and the whole text: you may need a negative word or : ditional that expresses the opposte opinion 3. They rarely fought, but when they did, it was es Serge or = ‘Write only one word in each space, not a contraction. Ee Gees nor Ruede mawhite The answers are usually the ‘grammatical alu" that holds Bet ec tgithe Soares the sentence together, including parts of verbs and words referring back or forward, so look for clues before and after the space. When you write in the exam you must use capital letters, 80 practise doing this during the course. 5 We were catching up with the gossip, ‘as we do every time we meet K Circle the correct words. 1. Scientists would / used to believe that the brain 6 It's about time we changed the way we think; couldn't develop after a certain age. everyone else has / does. 2 Before the digital age, we used not to / wouldn't 7 Doyou need any help? if you need / do, let me have so many distractions know. 3. Our brains don't always get enough sleep, and when 8_He used to welk to work, and as he did / does, he they do / have, it’s not always good quality sleep. focused on the day ahead, 4 The body releases chemicals into the brain and asit 9 They will / used to play music late et night, which does / Is, these affect our mood. drives me mad, 5. He had never cried before, but when he finally had/ 10. They haven't talked for ages and its easy to forget did, he felt so much better, they ever did / have. L_ Read the Exam Close-up and then complete the Exam Task. Read the article about the effect of nature on the brain. For questions 1 ~ 8, read tho toxt below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only one word in each space. The way to relax, naturally More and more pecple-are moving to cities, and as they ce » they lose touch with nature. The movement of populations from rural to urban settings started with the Industrial Revolution, (2) then, fj People have been heading for the coast or the countryside at every opportunity. Before private cars became common, workers (3) _ take a bus for a day tip to the country. People (4) — always found natural environments relaxing but they © to believe it was just the effect of peace, quiet and fresh air on the body. Now, research reveals that nature (6) only affects the body, but it actually has a calming influence on the brain. Modern urban life puts so much stress on us that we () ever slow dovin. Just three days, camping in the wild is plenty to rest the brain enough for it to be restored. Until now there has been almost (8) scientific proof of the processes involved, but recently a lot of studies have looked at the mechanisms triggered when people rolax in a natural environment. Neuroscience and psychology are finaly starting to explain something that nature lovers have always Recah eee BereaDo You Mind? Listen Ma A Work with a partner to describe and discuss the pictures. What aspects of behaviour do they show? Discuss how these factors influence behaviour: + the situation + someone's personality other people’s behaviour C Now look at these phrases. Match each phrase 1-8 with its function a-h. 1. they leave me cold ‘emphasises importance 2 I get overwhelmed shows importance 3 primarily because shows the main 4 ithasn't been scientifically proved d_ expresses controversy 5 critics don’t accept this 2 questions the truth of something & contrary to popular beliof f shows the effect on someone 7. this is number one on my list 9. shows an attitude towards something 8 thatiskey h shows @ belief is mistaken D Read the Exam Close-up. Then read the Exam Task below carefully and underline the key words. E {lI} Now listen and complete the Exam Task. ‘You will hear three different extracts. For questions 1 — 6, choose the answer (A, B or C) which fits best according to what you hear. There are two questions for each extract, You will hear the extracts twice. reason for something Extract 1 4 The Convergence effect supports the idea that You will hear a woman describing her personality A. crowds change what individuals believe Al tha wornarnve bet B crowds attract people with similar beliefs De hee eta ty Persea Rees tee Go ardivebnb cou lies ate ey Fonda B people have changed the way they see her. Extract 3 © her personality has changed, You will hear a woman talking about the qualities employers 2. She believes that extroverts ook for. A are more valued by society than introverts. 5 Tho woman's advice applies to 8 have more strengths than introverts. A. candidates at ajob interview. € should behave more like introvert B people who work in a particular job. Gand € people working in a temporary position. 6 The woman emphasises the importance of You will hear an interview with a sociologist about crowd behaviour, 3. The Contagion theory suggests that A. individuals cannot resist the emotions af a crowd. B like-minded people form crowds. individuals cannot be held responsible for their behaviour. F 31 Now listen again and check your answers. Allowing time to choose the right answer A. certain behaviour and character traits. B avoiding failure if at all possible. © conforming in order to ft in. Listen to the whole text carefully before choosing your answer Don’t be temptad to choose an answer just because it contains a word or phrase on the recording, It may not be the correct answer. De not answer the question too quickly. Take some time to consider whether it really is the correct option.Speaking A Work with a partner and discuss the situations in the Photos. How do they differ from each other? How do you introduce yourself in English? B Discuss with a partner if or how you would introduce yourself in these situations: at the doctor's, at a new job, in a new language class, when making a complaint on the phone. Asstudent model 3: speaking exam oe eas Peters i € Imagine you have never met your partner before. Talk < about yourself and give three key facts. y D ICI Listen to a dialogue between Anna and Yannis. Who was better at talking about themself? Why? E Now read the Exam Close-up and complete the Exam Task. Use the Useful Expressions to help you. Look at the ID card with a partner. In your notepad write Gown some information about yourself, using the ID card and the examples below to help. Now with your partner, ask and answer questions about each other. Ask about: ae ba iat ‘Name: Jennifer Taylor werk * study * ambitions © home town + daily routine D.0.8: 31/01/1996 Nationality: British reesons for learning English Useful Expressions Talking about yourself | Giving personal information * Practise talking about yourself with your friends in class, but don't rehearse a whole speech, * Make sure you know how to describe Your work position/studies/interests, in English + When talking about yourself, try to make itinteresting, Pay attention to your Intonation to sound es natural as possible. {fm student and fm also working part-time. fm a tour guide and Im currently working fm in the final year of schoo! and Im preparing for exams. tim currently unemployed, but fm looking for work | ike gaming in my spare time; it’s my absolute favourite pastime. tm really into... Imabigtan of. tim really busy with my. vork/studies/family and dort get much time to relax Tm not a great one for .., but Imcrazy about... | F Now introduce your partner to the class. When you talk about yourself, is it better to be modest or 6 to exaggerate your achievements? Why? / Why not? }O © Do you believe thet fist impressions count? Why? / Ideas Focus Why not? + ‘Aloopard cannot change its spots' Da you think people can change their personality or is it something that is innate?| Do You Mind? Writing: an essay (\) Learning Planning & organising a discursive essay ‘+ Take a few minutes to plan your essay before you start writing. Planning helps you to focus your thoughts and ‘organise your ideas in a clear and logical way. Make sure you have understood need to discuss them. pic before noting down some relevant ideas and the vocabulary you will A discursive essay begins with an introduction where you clearly state the topic without copying directly from the prompt. In the main body your points should be clearly presented in separate paragraphs that begin with a topic sentence. Finally, in your conclusion you should summarise the main points af your essay Use a formal ancl impersonal styl. Use appropriete linking words and phrases to link paragraphs and the sentencas within them. Read the wri ing task on the right and answer the questions. Poople of all ages can be influenced positively 11 Which kind of peer pressure must: Virite about? ‘or negatively by their peers. What factors do i Wibich cian ol weeasle eee you ares abou: you think make young people, in particular, eee ah teed ye see - | susceptible to neastive peer pressure? How 3. What will you discuss in the main body of the essay’ can they tackle the problem? Support your opinion with specific reasons, 4 How will you expand on your view? Below is a list of risk factors for peer pressure. Complete the phrases with the words. confidence’ (desire dysfunctional fear’ i ferests isolation performance prone self-esteem vulnerable 1a tofitin 6 feelings of from friends or 2 low family 3. lack of 7 no personal outside of 4. poor academic ease 5 = that peers could turn on s mp Pestrenpaninrosttite you 9 having relationships 10 being to depression Look at the first risk factor in B again. In your notebook, write down vecabulary you could use to discuss it in an essay. In the introduction, the focus of the essay topic needs to be restated. In your notebook, rephrase only the underlined parts of the writing task in A in your own words. Read the example essay. Do you agree the writer's idea for dealing with the problem? = Peer pressure exists across society, affecting people beneficially and adversely. In the case of the latter, certain risk factors have been identified that can make young people prone to undue, and often unwelcome, infiuence. When this occurs, there are strategies that can be used to handle the problem. Peers play an important rolo in a teonagers life as adolescence is the time when the desire to fit in and find acceptance and approval from the group is strongest. The need for approval is not bad in itself. Itis part of what motivates adolescents to take extra care with their appearance, for instance. At times however, the desire to either impress or gain acceptance by the group becomes excessive, and can result in people choosing to take risks, with potentially serious consequences. Similarly, they might engage in behaviour that is extremely hurtful, like ridiculing someone with a physical or mental disability.F Look at the example essay again and answer the questions. 1. Isita good opening paragraph? Why? Which elements of the writing task does it refer to? What isthe focus ofthe frst main paragraph? Ist stated in a topic sentence? \Whst isthe focus of the second main paragraph? Ist stated ina topic sentence? Ave the writers views supported by reasons and/or examplos? Are the writers views summarised in the final paragraph? 1s tho ossay written in formal and impérsonal style? How hes the writer achieved this? How has the writer linked the fist and second main paragraphs? Find and underline words and phrases that refer back to something in a previous sentence. G Choose one of the risk factors from B. Write a Paragraph explaining why it can make someone vulnerable to peer pressure and what problems this can lead to. Remember to begin with a topic sentence. When you have finished, swap with a Partner and edit each other's work. Planning & using topic sentences * Read the prompt carefully to fully understand your task *+ Before you start writing, plan your essay, ensuring all elements of the task wil be covered ‘© Make sure you begin each paragraph with a topic sentence. This sentence should explain to the reader what you will be talking abour in that paragraph H Read the Exam Close-up and then complete the Exam Task below. Use the paragraph plan and the Useful Expressions to help you. “The only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing.” Under what circumstances might someone not act to prevent evil? What do you think people should do when faced with evil? Support eine el your opinion with reasons and examples. Poe eed Arte Vou eoReay In cat =aa0 WEE: oe een at Ue Aah ‘Useful Expressions Introduction; In your own words, clearly state th topic to be discussed Main paragraph 1: Consider a situation in which Showing cause &effect Giving an example | someone might not act to prevent Therefore . Forinstance evil. Give reasons and examples. Asa result In other words Main paragraph 2: Offer your opinion on what people For this reason Tpical of this.. should do when faced with evil Fis Sige ise Thats to say _ ‘Conclusion: ‘Sum up your views and express your In consequence of this .. Akey example. ‘overall opinion. ‘Owing to/Duetothefact... _ Agood illustration ofthis is When such situations arise, knowing where to draw the line is vitally important. Otherwise, by giving in and doing something that is contrary to their character or core value system, thay could be letting themselves in for distress and regret. For this reason, they should always stand up for what they think is right. They should speak up in an assertive, but non-confrontational, way to let others know that they have boundaries. There may be some teasing at first but, nevertheless, that is a small price to pay for doing the right thing. {In short, adolescents want to belong, but the need to fit in should not be at any cost. When negative peer pressure rears its ugly head, teens need to assort their own opinions and feelings by making clear what their limits are, and standing their ground. They may even inspire others to follow. 7=u Before you watch A. Look at the photo below. What do you know about chimpanzees? Which of these characteristics do you think they share with humans? + social fe * expressions + use of tools + medicine = gestures + loneliness While you watch B_ Watch the video to see if your answers to A are correct. 7 ia) Breech eet C Read the sentences below. What aspect of chimpanzees’ nature eae is emphasised? 1. Chimps are so much like us that we are both captivated and repelled / repulsed, ‘ooking into their world, we are transfixed / transformed. Their social lfe reflects / resembles our own. Political struggles for power mean open / outright wars. They also demonstrate total / tender affection. Their expressions and postures / gestures seem familiar eauRen D Watch the video again and circle the words in C that you hear. After you watch E Complete the summary of the video clip below using these words. Chimpanzees ere 20 similer to us thet we are at once fascinated and repelled. They are our strongest (1), 5 nature, and, when we lock at them we are reminded of our prehistoric — Their social life bears 2 strong resemblance to ours with political power (3 ‘on the one hand and tender affection on the other. Thay seem to share similar gestures and (4) —___ with us, Also, their ()______ oF tools made us reconsider our definition of (6) Another feature that they share with us is their development of complex (7) —____ which are passed on to their young. It appears that (8) may also be within their (9) As we c (10) of the mind of a chimp, it helps us realise that we are not alone. ~| Ideas Focus | + Why have humans often considered themselves aie superior to other animals? '* Should chimpanzees be treated differently from ther intelligent enimals? Why? / Why not?nning texts for information ds, compound nouns, prepositions, expressions, identify sto express tl the past, identifying distrac multiple matching, identifying themes bet ni n the task, initiating discussion, taking turns, inviting your partner to speak a review (1), understanding the content of a review, using informal Huge flocks of migrating birds er eee y Cle tke cr20 Bright Ideas Reading A Read the list of mobile phone features and rank them in C Do you read reviews before you order of how important they are to you. (1 = most important; buy a product? Why? / Why not? 8 = least important). Justify your list to your partner. Discuss with a partner. large memon front-facing camera le ase 4 pile D Quickly read the reviews. Which pixel-tich screen fingerprint scanning Shae eo staki HiSe mn abottche wireless charging high-capacity battery look of the new phone? heart rate monitor [ high-quality camera lons B_ Would you be willing to pay a lot more for a phone that had all of your favourite features? Why? / Why not? G reviewit Teneyornse A BY Until @ few years ago, the typical Android phone was hideously ugly and made of chagp and nasty looking plastic. Then along came ABT with its breakthrough Genius', in an attractive, mrimais! design. Without doubt, it was the best looking Android phone of its time, inspiring many firm folowers and prompiin Fast-forward three years and four iterations of phones, and the Genis4is sil much the same. Like the Ganiust, a gless-covered front blends into tho motalirame creating a sleok look. But co whet? Since | ABT's competitors took note of the Genius’ radical design, the market has been flooded with look-alke | devices, thus rendering the new Genius4 model generic and unexciting, knitation may be the sincerest | | few of copycals form of flattery, but the once-seminal dasign of tye Ganius4 could be its downfall For dicherd Genius fans, the iconic design wil sufice, but those har keting forthe next big hing shout A Michael look no further than Gore's X7i modol. ts imeossbly slim Ines and not inconsiderebly lover price are sure to please. Siay tuned for more about that n our next issuc. My grandmother makes andl receives calls. Cerasineslly, she engages in SMS ewchanges —mind you, | Nothing too chalengina — simple text, no attachments, She's not fussed with photos, emals or apps — her requirements are the rmost basic. The Genlus4 would sut her toa T. In aot, ebnior citizens should be ling up around the block ike teens for Tay Tay concert tickels fo get ther hands on this davies. Unfortunately for ABIT, the granny markst was not what they had in mind for the Genius4, Print a TV ads, brimming with 20-somethings Sporting zaitgelst bearos, genie pants and floppy beanies, ere testament to that. The ohone, however, doesr!! measure up for that demographic. Generatons Y and Z Need high-capacity batteries, desktop-qualty web pages, good music storage, better video capabilities ‘and a camera to deliver top-notch selfs. The Geniusé falls fat ‘Aithcugh the camera has smilar specs to other phones, it has a nasty tendency to over expose images ‘and iose deiail. t's nowhere near as good as the best phone cameras on the market, and for an asking, price of £499, | would expect ito be. ‘Contrary ta popular opinion, interesting things are happening in the smartphone world, Not only has the boar been raised significantly in terms af whai we expect from our phones and thar features, weve also ‘been exnosed to a wealth of new technologies end novel nays of interacting with our phones. Bult if you've found recent offerings fo be underwhelming, ABT’s new Genius4 ist kly to make you eviets from that postion. Its not that the Genius is @ bad phone — it decidedly isn't — but rather the 12498 Genus4 fs ust @ phone n a world where other smartphones are trying o be so much more With the Genius4, ABT is sil incorporating elements that have been around since its Geniust. A although the Ganius4 is surely better than any of the versions that preceded it improved audio ‘ually, brighter screen — litle has changed in terms of the range and quality of availble features. So the question that needs to be asked! is: Is being the best phone ABT has ever mace enough? Im not C Dina ‘convinead iti.E Read the Exam Close-up. Then underline the key words in the Exam Task below. ‘You are going to read reviews about @ new phone, For questions 1 - 10, choose from the people (A ~D). The people may be chosen more than once. . Which person gives each of these opinions about the new phone? 1 A specific feature does not represent value for money. 2 The manufacturers cleims are difficult to believe. 3. Aspecific product on the market is superior to it. : i - 4 It confirms a widaly-held view that current phones are Sens es fo eon boring. * Read the questions carefully and 5 Itset the standard fora new breed of phone. celine he ey eee eat * Scan the text to look for words, phrases. 6 The design outweighed more important or ideas with similar meanings to the considerations. key words you underlined. It is highly 7 tis an improvement on the manufacturer's unlikely that the exact same words will previous models. be in the question and the text. @ The suitability for its intended market is questionable. Remember that some sections of the 9 Its major selling point is no longer unique. teste ok Comte anenLy MOTE connected to the questions, so scanning can save you time. 10 Itis ideal for people whose phone needs are uncomplicated F Complete the sentences with these adjectives from the text. The logos for brand such as Apple and Ferrari have become: and are instantly recognisable. Ihave to say, 2GB of RAM is ________ when you can easily find an affordable computer with 4 or 8GB. Jules is a believer that advanced technology will be the answer to all of humanity's problems 7 2 3 4 The new computer lab is open-plan and furnished in2_____style with basic pieces in white. 5 6 To tackle pollution, factories will be required by law to install high tech furnaces or faco 9 fine Titanium has many applications, particulary in aviation, where itis used in jet engines because itis ight but It is now obvious that building more roads isn’t the answer; the city needs a more _______ approach to transport policy, 8 The architecture is predictable and lacking in or inalty; itis just another _____ office building. | admit, | cidnt do any research betore heaving out in Search of a new phone, All! knew was that it rad to be attractive, Some might scoff, but that's a genuine concem for alot of phone buyers, Wall, there | was at PriceMart when | came across the Geniusd. The futuristic look wes appecing, {and the unibody came in some cool colours Eke goid, midnight biue, ime and furnt orange. | was: ‘completely sod on it. So despite the hefty price tag, | hepply forked out the cash. Thal new phone fesing we all kno lasted jus! two days. While composing a text message, the keypad jammed, Rebooting solved the problem, out | wasn't happy. Shortly after, the screen Gevelopad pinkish tinge. No amount of adjusting the sattings could night it. Had I read some reviews about the modal, | would have stesred cleer of i The last straw came when it fll on the floor, shattering the soreen. According fo ABT, the phone is esnecially durable and has withstood D Frank ‘Manly crop tests. Wat did they test it on? A soft pilow? fm claiming a rotund, 71: ‘What effect would losing your mobile phone have on your | [deas FOCUS life? Wy? + Doyou think using mobile phones too much is detrimental +10 our physical or mental health? Why? / Why not? ° a22 yd Bright Ideas Vocabulary Circle the correct words. In your notebook, write sentences with the words you did not use. 1. Finding fossils of sea creatures here, we can that the area was once covered by water. 2 The highlight of the physics seminar was a lecture given byan scientist. 3. The light by screens inhibits the production of melatonin, which makes it harder to fall asleep. 4 Causality the most basic ofall the al of physics it simply means ‘every effect has a cause’ 5. The security system uses infrared censors activate a light when they detect movement, 6 According to the World Health Organization, we are very close to polio. 7. The process of nuclear entails splitting uranium atoms. 8 Inthe third century BC, Archimedes of Syracuse invented an ingenuous / in method to raise water to higher levels, that Match the groups of verbs to the relevant set of sentences (1-3). Then complete the sentences using the words from the correct group. analyse / infer / interpret ] calculate / compute / estimate | decompose / disintegrate / dissolve |_| 1a When sugar is added to hot water, the sugar — far more quickly than it does in cold water. b The meteorite hurtled through the atmosphere and on impact with the Earth's surface On the forest floor, dead leaves had been completely by the micro-organisms in the soil Uncertain as to how to the tunusual resuits of the experiment, the biochemist soucht the opinion of colleague. b Scientists __ rock samples taken from the area and were concerned to find high levels of radioactivity € Astronomers measured the rate of expansion of the universe and — from this that itis 13 billion years ola. ‘Anew navigation system enables cars to the shortest, easiest route toa destination. b The Greek astronomer and mathematician Eretosthenes was the first person to the circumference of the Earth ‘© At current production rates it has been roughly ‘that there is just enough oil to last the world about 50 years. Underline two adjectives in each text that are similar in meaning. Then circle the adjective that means the opposite of the adjectives. 1. Unfortunately, most computer hardware rapidly becomes obsolete. Although this makes good business sense for the tech companies who continually make money, the consumer is forced to replace outdated hardware with something more advanced in order for their computer to run efficiently. Style is what many people look for in a piece of furniture. More importantly, however, furniture needs to be functional so that it fulfils its intended purpose. Using computer models, designers can create utilitarian produets that are both aesthetically pleasing and comfortable, without being impractical 3. Italian scientist Galileo made groundbreaking ‘observations in physics and astronomy, and supported the theory that the Earth and planets revolved around the sun. His unorthodox views were objectionable to all who held firmly to the conventional belief that the sun orbited the ‘Earth. He was sentenced to house arrest for his revolutionary opinions. 4 In science, an idea remains abstract until it can be supported with'concrete evidence. Scientists provide this through painstaking experiments and ‘observation. Once they have'tangible proof, they present their idea, or theory, to the rest of the scientific community for serutiny.Compound nouns D Match the words to form compound nouns and then complete the sentences, 1 3. Millions of people have Instagram accounts, but | wonder how many are —— who log on regularly 4. By the time the company realised there was a, it was to0 late, as confidential data had already been stolen, 5 The job calls for______; for exemple, you need to know how to read spreadsheets and scan for viruses. 6 Films are one thing, but do you think ______________willever be able to perfectly mimic the human brain? 7 My of choice is Google because | ike the way the Prepositions Jack, who is 19, has grown up using technology such as the Internet and mobile phones; he's.a real loved the old on my computer, the Windows XP, because it made all of the programs work well results are cleerly displayed on the screen. Helen, who is studying ___ at university, has decided to spocialise in cloud computing and programming E Circle the correct word. 1 eNounen 9 10 " 12 When you're surfing the web, you have the whole world at / on your fingertips. Luckily, we managed to fix the broken generator, so it's off / up and running now. |Fyour company doesn’t have an online presence, i's definitely bchind / past the times. By / On alll accounts, the latest operating systern hasn't won many fans. I'm afraid you can't enter the laboratory; it's off / out of limits to visitors. IF high consumption continues, we will soon be in / onthe brink of an energy crisis. Conventional means won't solve this problem; we need to think beyond / outside the box. Artificial intelligence is stil in / at its infancy, but one day computers will think just like we do. He downed the fou-looking liquid and across / before my eyes his skin turned a ghastly chade of green! ‘Asan undergraduate, Max was out of / under his depth in the discussion of quantum theory with his professors. Innovation is absolutely vital for any tech company hoping to stay above / ahead of the curve. With the advent of more advanced technology, faster download speed are on / within reach. Word formation F Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words. 1. Since the results of the experiment were _______, we had to repeat it. CONCLUDE 2. The doctor was found to have acted ___ and was suspended. NEGLIGENCE 3. We must take great care not to the data that we collect. INTERPRET 4 Recent studies of centenarians have linked the Mediterranean ditto. LONG 5 Unfortunately, despite continued research, some diseases remain ‘CURE 6 Climate scientists are concemed about the weather we have been experiencing. PRECEDENT 7 Cancer research is afield which requires patience, dedication and PERSEVERE 8 Cerbon dioxide accounts for the majority of gas________from human activities. EMIT 23