Saint Michael College Cantilan,Incorporated

Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

College Department

LEARNING MODULE
in FS 1- Observations of Teaching- Learning in Actual School Environment
Frances Dee I. Grumo, MAMT

I. MODULE 5: UNDERSTANDING THE SCHOOL CURRICULUM (Ep.8-9)

II. INTRODUCTION
In present curriculum is also known as education, a curriculum is broadly defined
as the totality of student experiences that occur in the educational process. The term often
refers specifically to a planned sequence of instruction, or to a view of the student's
experiences in terms of the educator's or school's instructional goals. In a 2003 study,
Reys, Reys, Lapan, Holliday, and Wasman refer to curriculum as a set of learning goals
articulated across grades that outline the intended mathematics content and process goals
at particular points in time throughout the K–12 school program. Curriculum may
incorporate the planned interaction of pupils with instructional content, materials,
resources, and processes for evaluating the attainment of educational objectives.
Curriculum is split into several categories: the explicit, the implicit, the excluded, and the
extracurricular.(Wikipedia)

A school curriculum has many types: recommended curriculum, written

curriculum, taught curriculum, support curriculum, assessed curriculum, learned
curriculum, and hidden curriculum. A lesson plan or learning plan is a miniscule
curriculum (written curriculum) which is planned and implemented by the teacher. This
is composed of essential elements or parts such as Learning Outcomes, Subject Matter,
Teaching-Learning Strategies and Evaluation or Assessment.

III. TOPICS: 1) School Curriculum

2) Preparing for Teaching and Learning

IV. TIME FRAME: 6 hours

V. OBJECTIVES (Learning Outcomes) : At the end of this module, I must be able to:

1. describe how the teacher manages the school curriculum by planning,

implementing lessons through different strategies and assessment of learning
outcomes;
2. analyze if the teacher aligns the objectives to subject matter, to teaching
strategies and assessment;
3. identify the teaching-learning practices that apply or violate the principles of
teaching learning;
4. determine the guiding principles on lesson objectives. Learning outcomes applied
in instruction;
5. judge if lesson objectives/intended learning outcomes are SMART;
6. determine whether or not the intended learning outcomes are achieved at the end
of the lesson;
7. observe the teaching methods used by the Resource Teacher; and
VI. SUMMARY OF THE TOPICS
Topic 1: School Curriculum
Curriculum is defined as the total learning process and outcomes as in lifelong
learning. However, school curriculum in this course limits such definition of total
learning outcomes to confine to a specific learning space called school. School are formal
institutions of learning where the two major stakeholders are the learners and the
teachers. (Lucas, Maria Rita D. et.al)

Salient Features of the K to 12 Curriculum:

1. The curriculum strengthens the early childhood education with the use of the mother
tongue.
2. It makes the curriculum relevant to the learners. The use of contextualized lessons
and addition of issues like disaster preparedness, climate change and information and
communication technology (ICT) are included in the curriculum. Thus, in-depth
knowledge, skills and values, attitude through continuity and consistency across every
level and subject.
3. It builds skills in literacy. With the use of Mother Tongue as the main language in
studying and learning tools from K to Grade 3, learners will become ready for higher
level skills.
4. It ensures unified and seamless learning. The curriculum is designed in spiral
progression where students learn first the basic concepts, while they study the
complex ones in the next grade level. The progression of topics matches with the
developmental and cognitive skills. This process strengthens the mastery and
retention.
5. It gears up for the future. It is expected that those who finish basic education in Grade
12 will be ready for college or tech voc careers. Their choice of careers will be
defined when they go to Grade 11 and 12.
6. It nurtures a fully developed youth. Beyond the K to 12 graduate the learner will be
ready to embark on different career paths for a lifetime.

Types of School Curriculum:

Recommended Curriculum:
Written Curriculum:.
Taught Curriculum
Supported Curriculum:
Assessed Curriculum:
Learned Curriculum
Hidden Curriculum or Implicit Curriculum

Topic 2: Preparing for Teaching and Learning

These are the time-tested principles of teaching and learning:

1. Effective learning begins with setting clear expectations and learning outcomes.
2. Learning is an active process. “What I hear , I forget; what I see, I remember; what
I do, I understand.”
3. Learning is the discovery of the personal meaning of ideas. Students are given the
opportunity to connect what they learn with other concepts learned, with real world
experiences and with their own lives.
4. Learning is a cooperative and a collaborative process.
 A teaching method consists of systematic and orderly steps in the teaching-
learning process. It is the practical realization or application of an approach. All
methods of teaching can be classified either as deductive (direct) or inductive
(indirect). Deductive Method: Begins with a rule, generalization, abstraction and
ends with concrete, experience, details, examples. Inductive method: Begins with
the concrete, experience, details, examples and ends with a c rule, generalization,
abstraction.

VII. LEARNING ACTIVITIES

****OBSERVE and ANALYZE ***(414) Actual Demonstration Teaching for Teacher-

Applicants (Plus Demonstration Tips and Lesson Plan) - YouTube

Sample Lesson Plan: 4TH COT for Demo Youtube.docx - Google Drive

Activity 1:
This requires a full lesson observation from Motivation to Assessment. Write an
observation report based on key questions below.

Major Curriculum Key Guide for observation.

Components
A. Planning What major parts do you see? Answer the questions below.
a. What are the lesson objectives/learning outcomes?
b. What are included in the subject matter?
c. What procedure or method will the teacher use to implement the
plan?
d. Will the teacher assess or evaluate the lesson? How will this be
done?
B. Implementing Observe how the teacher implemented the lesson plan.
1. a. How did the teacher begin the lesson?
b.What procedure or steps were followed?
c.How did the teacher engage the learners?
d.Was the teacher a guide at the side?
e.Were the learners on task? Or were they participating in the class
activity?
f. Was the lesson finished within the class period?
C. Evaluating/Assessing Make observation to find evidence of learning.
a. Were the objectives as learned outcomes achieved?
b. How did the teacher assess/evaluate it?
c. What evidence was shown? Get pieces of evidence.

***Write your report based on your observation.

- As I watched the video, the resource teacher named Mateo M. Bajao demonstrated
the subject Mother Tongue 2. The lesson covered by this subject were: Panghalip
na Panturo (Dito, Diyan,Doon). The lesson competency were: Nakagagamit ng
ekspresyon na angkop sa sariling kultura sa pagpapakita ng lokasyon
(Dito,Diyan,Doon) and followed by Integrated Lesson: Natutukoy ng mga kilos at
gawaing nagpapakita ng pagmamalasakit sa mga kasapi ng paaralan at
 pamayanan. The resource teacher used the integrated lesson in order for the learners
to cope up with the subject matter. Yes, the teacher will evaluate or assess the lesson
through a series of activities that can generate the learners’ intellectual mind and meet
the learning outcome/s of the lesson. The teacher begin the lesson with a preliminary
activities: Panalangin, Pagbati, Pampasiglang awit (Malaki ang Ulo ko), Pagtatala ng
Liban, Pagtatala ng Pamantayan sa Pakikinig and so on. The resource teacher
followed the expected activity outlined in his lesson plan: The Preliminary Activities,
Developing Activities, Motivation, Presentation, Formal Discussion, Subject
Integration, Application, Generalization, Evaluation and Assignment. He then
engaged the learners through asking those questions and emphasizing developing
activities like reading in order for them to easily understand the lesson very well. So
far, the learners actively participated in the class discussion. If there were problems or
difficulties, the teacher then guides the learners in order for them to gradually cope
with the lesson. So far as I observed the video, the teacher employed the subject
matter as expected in the learning outcome. The teacher evaluated the learners
through a written quiz identifying the appropriate “PANGHALIP NA PANTURO to
the sentence (Doon,Diyan,Dito).

ANALYZE

Write a paragraph based on the data you gathered using these key questions?

1. How does the teacher whom you observed compare to the ideal characteristics or
competencies of global quality teacher?
- The resource teacher integrates his lesson well to the learners. He is competitive at all
aspects of teaching. He also integrates technology in his teaching. For me, he has the
competencies of a global quality teacher.

2. Was the lesson implemented as planned? Describe.

- Yes, the lesson were implemented as planned. The resource teacher employed the subject
matter well and used variety of teaching methods in order for the learners to understand
the lesson deeply

3. Describe the disposition of the teacher after the lesson was taught. Happy and
eager? Satisfied and contented? Disappointed and exhausted?
- The disposition of the teacher after the lesson was taught was that he is happy and
satisfied of the way the learners respond and participate to his method of teaching
“Panghalip na Panturo” in the class.
 4. Describe the majority of students’ reactions after the lesson was taught. Confused?
Happy and eager? Contented? No reactions at all.
- After the lesson was taught, the result was excellent. The learners got the majority of
perfect scores which means they were truly happy and contented to the lesson discussed
by the resource teacher.

Activity 2: Constructive Alignment of the Components of a Lesson Plan

OBSERVE

Using the diagram below, fill out the component parts of a lesson plan.

I. Title of the Lesson: PANGHALIP NA PANTURO (DITO, DIYAN, DOON)

II. Subject area: MOTHER TONGUE 2
III. Grade Level: GRADE 2

Outcomes Teaching Assessment

Method

Fill this up. Fill this up. Fill this up.

Nakagagamit ng ekspresyon na The resource teacher used The resource teacher used
Deductive Method of teaching. the Fill-in-the-Blank
Angkop sa sariling kultura sa
Based on the video that I method of Assessment in
Pagpapakita ng Lokasyon watched earlier, I saw the assessing the student’s
teacher begins his class with the understanding and
(Dito, Diyan, Doon) rule, after that is the knowledge towards the
generalization of information, lesson being taught by the
abstraction and after that he resource teacher.
ended it with concrete,
experience, details and
examples. I also observed that he
was using some techniques of
teaching like rephrasing the
question and repeating the
answer to provide students a
guide throughout their point of
understanding and may be able
to apply and acquire knowledge
to the lesson taught by the
resource teacher.
ANALYZE

Answer the following questions based on the diagram.

1. Are the three components constructively aligned? Explain.

- Yes, because the assessment component depends on the learning objective and
method of teaching used.

2. Will the outcomes be achieved with the teaching methods used? Why?
- Yes, the outcomes will be achieved with the use of deductive method of teaching
because the information was already there or should I say constructed already and the
learners may tend to understand the lesson with the guidance of the teacher. It is more
of a teacher-centered approach.

3. What components would tell if the outcomes have been achieved?

- The Assessment Component will tell if the outcomes have been achieved.
Activity 3: Demonstrating an Understanding of Research-Based Knowledge Principles of
Teaching and Learning.

OBSERVE

Observe a class with use of the principles of learning. Identify evidence of applications
/violations of the principles of learning.

Principles of Learning What did the Resource teacher do to apply the

principle of learning
1. Effective learning begins with the - The teacher showed some illustrations or
setting of clear and high expectations picture that can be used in understanding the
of learning outcomes. lesson.
2. Learning is an active process. - The teacher asked some questions to the
learners about how to use Panghalip na
Parunto appropriately in the sentence.

3. Learning is the discovery of personal - The teacher let the students identify the
meaning and relevance of ideas. appropriate word used in the sentence.
(Doon,Dito,Diyan)

4. Learning is a cooperative and - The learners cooperate in the class

collaborative process. Learning is discussion of the teacher in order to meet the
enhanced in an atmosphere of learning outcomes of the lesson being
cooperation and collaboration. discussed.

ANALYZE

1. What principles of learning were most applied? Least applied?

Most applied:
- Learning is a cooperative and collaborative process. Learning is enhanced in an
atmosphere of cooperation and collaboration

Least applied:
- Learning is the discovery of personal meaning and relevance of ideas.

2. Give instances where this/these principle/s could have been applied?

- For me, these principles could be applied if the resource teacher is competitive
enough to meet the prior standards of teaching. A teacher with a great sense of
educating the mind of the learners could possibly foster a learning environment that is
positive and full of engagement in learning. With these principles being applied to the
classroom, it helps the learners clear the basic concept of learning.
VIII. SELF-EVALUATION
***REFLECT***
1. What lesson/s have you learned in developing or writing a lesson plan?
- The lessons that I’ve learned in developing a lesson plan is that lesson plan served as
a guide for what the students need to learn, how it will be taught, and how learning
will be measured. It helps me provide a detailed outline to follow in a class period.

2. From among the principles of learning, which one do you think is the most important?

- For me, the most important principle is “Effective learning begins with the setting
of clear and high expectations of learning outcomes” because the lesson would be
effective if a teacher sets a clear thought of teaching and provide a high expectation
of learning to the learners.

SHOW Your Learning Artifacts

Present a sample curriculum in a form of a lesson plan. (Attach the lesson plan at
the last page of this module.)

IX. TEST :
Direction: Read the items given and write the letter of the correct answer before the
number. (2points each)

B 1. When we say school curriculum, it refers only to the K to 12 curriculum.

A. This statement is true. C. This statement is half true.

B. This statement is not true. D. This statement is silly.

B 2. A professional teacher should possess the following skills to address the need for a
curricularist EXCEPT ONE. Which one is NOT?

A. Knower of the curriculum C. Implementer of the curriculum

B. Believer of the curriculum D. Writer of the curriculum

D 3. The influence of multimedia, peers, community tradition, advancement in technology, though

not deliberately taught in the lesson, will influence the curriculum This is referred to as _________.

A. Written curriculum C. Implemented curriculum

B. Recommended curriculum D. Hidden curriculum

A 4. Which two components of the lesson plan should be aligned?

I. Outcomes and Assessment

II. Assessment and Teaching Methods
III. Outcomes and Teaching Methods

A. I only B. II only C. III only D. I, II, and III

 B 5. What is the most important reason why there should be constructive alignment of the
components of the curriculum?

A. For ease of correcting by the school principal.

B. To assure that each component contributes to the attainment of the learning outcomes.
C. As a required template when starting to write a lesson plan.
D. As a model of other lesson plans written and published.

C. 6. Teacher Rose believes that students need not know the intended learning outcomes of
her lesson. She proceeds to her learning activities at once without letting them know what they are
supposed to learn for the day. Which principle of learning does Teacher Rose negate?

A. Effective learning begins with setting clear expectations and learning outcomes.
B. Learning is an active process.
C. Learning is the discovery of the personal meaning of ideas.
D. Learning is a cooperative and a collaborative process.

B 7. Teacher Lil avoids drills out of context. She gives real-world Math problems for
students to drill on. Teacher Lil is very much convinced of which principle of learning?

A. Learning is an active process.

B. Learning is the discovery of the personal meaning of ideas.
C. Learning is a cooperative and a collaborative process.
D. Effective learning begins with setting clear expectations and learning outcomes.

A 8. For meaningful teaching and learning, it is best to connect the lesson to the life of
students by integrating a relevant value in the lesson. Which principle is applied?

A. Lesson objectives/ intended learning outcomes must integrate 2 or 3 domains- cognitive, skill
and affective.
B. Begin with the end in mind.
C. Share lesson objectives/ intended learning outcomes with students.
D. Write SMART lesson objectives/ intended learning outcomes.

A 9. Teacher Ruben wanted his students to rate their own work using the scoring rubric
which he explained to the class before the students began with their task. Based on revised Bloom’s
taxonomy, in which level of cognitive processing are the students?

A. Evaluating C Applying
B. Synthesizing D. Analyzing

C 10. You are required to formulate your own philosophy of education in the course, The
Teaching Profession. Based on Bloom’s revised taxonomy, in which level of cognitive processing
are you?

A. Analyzing C. Creating
B. Applying D. Evaluating
X. REFERENCES
Lucas, Maria Rita D. et.al.Field Study1: Observations of Teaching-Learning in Actual School
Environment.LORIMAR Publishing Inc. 2020.
https://www.edglossary.org/classroom-management
https://www.weareteachers.com/what-is-classroom-management
https://www.thoughtco.com/definition-of-classroom-management-7734

Prepared by: Checked by:

FRANCES DEE I. GRUMO, MAMT GERMANA A. ORZALES, Ph.D.

Instructor Dean of Teacher Education, Arts & Sciences