HCI Cheat Sheet

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HCI Develo​pment Cycle Neilson's 10 Design Heuristic Neilson's 10 Design Heuristic (cont)

Design Eval​uate Impl​ement Visi​bility of system status​:The system Flex​ibility and efficiency of use: Accele​‐
Ethnog​raphy Prototype Expert should always keep users informed about rators — unseen by the novice user — may
Evaluation what is going on, through approp​riate often speed up the intera​ction for the expert
feedback within reasonable time. user such that the system can cater to both
Task GUI tools Usability testing
Match between system and the real inexpe​rienced and experi​enced users. Allow
Analysis
world: The system should speak the users' users to tailor frequent actions.
Design Guidelines
language, with words, phrases and Aest​hetic and minimalist design
Scenarios
concepts familiar to the user, rather than Help users recognize, diagnose, and
This HCI develo​pment cycle involving system​-or​iented terms. Follow real-world recover from errors
(DESIGN -- EVALUATE -- IMPLEMENT) is conven​tions, making inform​ation appear in
Help and Docume​nta​tion
an iterative process and should be used a natural and logical order.
at every stage. User control and freedom: Users often QUOTE TO REMEMBER
choose system functions by mistake and
Evaluation method​ologies Do everything possible to understand
will need a clearly marked "​eme​rgency exit"
users(​peo​ple).
Expe​rt: Insp​ection method​s​(He​uristic to leave the unwanted state without having
evalua​tion, cognitive walk-t​hro​ugh), Models to go through an extended dialogue.
Interv​iew​(te​chn​iques)
Support undo and redo.
User testing: Qual​itative method​s​(ob​ser​‐
Formerly struct​ure​d,S​emi​-st​ruc​tur​ed,​Ope​n-
vation, interv​iews, questi​onn​aires, think-​‐ Cons​istency and standa​rds
ended questions, Closed​-ended questions,
aloud), Quan​tit​ative usability evalua​tion Error preven​tion
Grand tour questions
User testing is difficult than Expert Reco​gnition rather than recall: Minimize
evaluation the user's memory load by making objects, Stakeh​olders
actions, and options visible. The user
Primary Secondary
PACT should not have to remember inform​ation
from one part of the dialogue to another. Tertiary Facili​tators
P(​Peo​ple​) ​A​(Ac​tiv​iti​es)​C​(​Con​tex​t)​T ​(T​ech​‐
Instru​ctions for use of the system should be Identify stakeh​olders for your system, so
nol​ogies)
visible or easily retrie​vable whenever you know what to give more import​ance.
“People use techno​logies to undertake
approp​riate.
activities in contexts” (To understand how to
develop the best interf​aces, we must
understand people!)

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 HCI Cheat Sheet
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Neilson Quick Slogans MVC Archit​ecture Norman's intera​ction framework

Your best User is Users are The Model, View, Controller Gulf of execut​ion: User’s formul​ation of
is not good always not user is actions
MVC divides applic​ation into:
enough right designers not Gulf of evalua​tion: User’s expect​ations
- Model of core functi​onality and data
always about system state
- Views displaying inform​ation to user
right
- Contro​llers handling user input
Designers less is Details Help Horton’s checklist for icon designers
are not more matter does MVC Pros and Cons Unders​tan​dable. Sponta​neously suggest
users not
Pros Cons the intended concept to the viewer?
Usability vice presidents are not users
Multiple views of Complexity for simple Unambi​guous. Are additional cues (label,
engine​ering
same model intera​ctors other icons docume​nta​tion)
is a
Synchr​onized Potent​ially excessive Inform​ative. Why is the concept important?
process
views update​s/m​essages Attrac​tive. Does the image use smooth
Types of Metaphors Pluggable V & C Tight coupling, in edges and lines?
and “look and feel” practice Legible. Test all combin​ations of color and
Orient​‐ Ontolo​ Structural Metonymy
Lack of portab​ility size?
ational gical
eg: eg: eg: file magnifying Some toolkits make
'Und​ers​tan​ding' before making the
spinner "kill deletion glass:For MVC framework hard
design
controls the is using search
and up proces​ trash can ICONS It is important to create personas and
voting s" scenarios before you start designing.

Icons make use of three principle types of Pers​onas: Fictional charac​ters, which you
Orie​nta​tio​nal​:​Gives a concept a spatial
repres​ent​ation: create based upon your research in order to
orient​ation
-- Metaphor relies on people transf​erring represent the different user types that might
Onto​log​ical: Identifies an abstract system
knowledge from one use your service, product, site, or brand in a
concept with a basic category of existence
domain and applying to another similar way. Creating personas will help you
in the physical world: substance, object,
-- Direct mapping - creating a more or less to understand your users' needs, experi​‐
container or entity
direct image of ences, behaviours and goals.
Stru​ctu​ral: Identifies an abstract system
concept with a detailed real world concept what the icon is intended to represent Scen​ari​os​:S​tor​ies​(re​al-​world experi​ences of
or object -- Convention - arbitrary design, which has people), Concep​tua​l(a​bstract descri​pti​‐
Meto​nymy: use of the name of one thing become accepted ons​),C​onc​ret​e(s​pecific design decisions and
for that of another of which it is an attribute as standing for what is intended over time tech. added), Use cases(​formal descri​ptions
or with which it is associated that can be implem​ented)

Gestalt Properties

The Gestalt theory is guided by 5 principles

— Proximity, Simila​rity, Contin​uation,
Closure, and Figure​/Gr​ound.

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 HCI Cheat Sheet
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Gestalt Properties (cont) Techniques and termin​ology

Prox​imi​ty: When an individual perceives an Ethnog​raphy , Interview , Questi​onn​aire,

assortment of objects they perceive objects Partic​ipatory design , Scenarios , Protot​‐
that are close to each other as related. yping ,Probes , Card sorting , Focus groups
Simi​lar​ity: Elements can visually be Ethn​ogr​apt​hy: Ethnog​raphy, and other
grouped together if they have visual simila​‐ types of field studies, allow design teams
rities. This can be applied in the form of access to the real-life enviro​nments of their
color, shape, or iconog​raphy. end users. It allows designers insight into
Cont​inu​ati​on: Continuity happens when the the tangible and technical and social enviro​‐
eye is guided to move from one object to nments of their users, as well as access to
another. the tools users might already be using.

Clos​ure: Indivi​duals perceive objects such Ethn​ogr​aphy: As a method​ology for UX

as shapes, letters, pictures, etc., as being design, it’s both about how people interact
whole when they are not complete. Specif​‐ with techno​logy, and also about how they
ically, when parts of a whole picture are describe their experience of intera​cting with
missing, our perception fills in the visual their techno​logy.
gap.
Severity Ratings
Figu​re/​Gro​und: Refers to our ability to
visually separate elements on different
planes of focus. There are three ways to - 0. No problem
effect​ively execute this, of these through - 1. Cosmetic problem
layering, contrast, and inform​ation - 2. Minor – low priority
hierarchy. - 3. Major problem – high priority
- 4. Catast​rophe – must fix
Gestalt theories can be applied to UX
design and If applied correctly, they can
provide you with some quick wins out of the
box.

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