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A Comparative Study and Critical Analysis of Various Integrated Development

Environments of C, C++, and Java Languages for Optimum Development

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 Sampada K Satav et al UNIASCIT, Vol 1 (1), 2011, 09-15

A Comparative Study and Critical Analysis of

Various Integrated Development Environments
of C, C++, and Java Languages for Optimum
Development*
Sampada K. Satav Prof. S. K. Satpathy Prof. K. J. Satao
M.Tech.(CSE) Scholar, Dept. of CSE, Head, Dept. of CSE, Head, Dept. of IT & MCA,
Rungta College of Engg. & Tech., Rungta College of Engg. & Tech., Rungta College of Engg. & Tech.,
Bhilai – 490 024(C.G.), INDIA Bhilai – 490 024(C.G.), INDIA Bhilai – 490 024(C.G.), INDIA
Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected]

*Orally presented in the Conference on IT - Contemporary & Future Technologies for Social Change, hosted by ITM
UNIVERSE, Gwalior(M.P.), India in association with Computer Society of India, held during March 11-12, 2011.

Abstract - This paper deals with a comparative study and IDEs are programs to enter source codes. They are generally
critical analysis of various Integrated Development editing environments with tools to help programmers write
Environments of C, C++, and Java languages so that a source code quickly and efficiently. As an example, we can
comprehensive list of specifications could be drawn for the create a PHP-driven web applications using a combination
development of an all inclusive and optimum future IDE. An
of Eclipse and PHP Eclipse.
Integrated Development Environment(IDE), also known as an
Integrated Design Environment or an Integrated Debugging
Environment, is a software application that provides Core features of an IDE typically include[6]:
comprehensive facilities to computer users for software
development viz. program entry, editing, compilation, • Code insight: This is an ability of an IDE to know a
debugging, etc. Various IDEs are studied and compared based language's keywords and functions. The IDE may
on their features, and are critically analyzed. The results show use this knowledge to do such things as highlight
that the IDEs which are more popular usually offer better typographic errors, suggest a list of available
support for users while the more complex ones, which are not functions based on the appropriate situation, or offer
so popular, offer only few features than the other IDEs
a function's definition, and use different colors for
whereas no existing IDE is all inclusive and optimum.
keywords and functions.
Keywords - Graphical User Interface(GUI); Integrated • Resource management: When creating applications,
Development Environment(IDE); Java Virtual Machine(JVM); languages often rely on certain resources, like library
KDevelop; Qt Creator; Code::Blocks; Dev-C++; CodeLite;Pelles or header files, to be at specific location/directory.
C; Eclipse; BlueJ; NetBeans; JCreator; JDeveloper. IDEs manage these resources. An IDE knows the
required resources so that errors can be spotted in the
I. INTRODUCTION development stage, in the compile or build stage.
• Debugging tools: In an IDE, a user is given an
An Integrated Development Environment(IDE) is a kind opportunity to thoroughly test his application before
of enhanced editor for a programming language with built in release. The IDE may be able to give variable values
compiler, edit screen, and tracing or debugging utilities, at certain points, connect to different data
which makes the program development easier. An IDE does repositories, or accept different run-time parameters.
several more things such as: • Compile and build: For a language that requires a
compile or build stage, IDE translates code from
 A user can browse through files to find the one he high level language to the object code of the targeted
wants; platform. The requirements for this feature vary
 There is “help” available, so that a user can quickly substantially from language to language.
find out what arguments a particular method needs
or what an error means; Thus, traditionally, an IDE specializes in one language or
 A user can see changed values of variables and a set of similar languages. Some famous IDEs and their
objects, etc. languages include: JBuilder for Java; Metrowerks
CodeWarrior suite for Java, C, and C++; and Microsoft's

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 Sampada K Satav et al UNIASCIT, Vol 1 (1), 2011, 09-15

Visual Studio for it's Visual Basic and C# family of code, User Interface designer, etc. It provides a debugger
languages. plugin which acts as an interface between the Qt Creator
In this paper we shall compare and analyze some existing core and external native debugger to debug the C++
IDEs on their features. language. Qt Creator provides a support for building and
running Qt applications for desktop
II. VARIOUS IDEs environments(Windows, Linux, FreeBSD, and Mac OS) and
mobile devices(Symbian, Maemo, and MeeGo).
There are many IDEs used by normal users and
professionals. Some of the IDEs provide the facility of 3) Code::Blocks : Code::Blocks[15, 23] is developed by the
executing the codes for multiple languages like C, C++, Code::Block developer team. It is written in C++. It uses
QML, Java, Ada, Bash, FORTRAN, Pascal, PERL, PHP, cross platform operating system. It is free and open source
Python, Ruby, JavaScript, Haskell, HTML, CSS, etc. and IDE. It can be used for both C & C++ languages. It supports
there are some which support only one or two languages. In multiple compilers, including MinGW/gcc, Digital Mars,
this paper, we are dealing with the IDEs for C, C++, and Microsoft Visual C++, Watcom, LCC, Borland C++ and the
Java languages. Intel C++ Compiler, etc. The IDE features include Syntax
A. IDEs for C and C++ languages highlighting and Code folding through the use of
the Scintilla editor component, C++ code completion and
There are many IDEs for C and C++ languages viz. class browser, an integrated to-do list, and a closely
Anjuta, C++ Builder, Code::Blocks, CodeLite, Dev-C++, integrated debugger frontend which supports GDB(GNU
Eclipse CDT, Geany, GNAT Programming Studio, GNUstep Debugger) and, to some extent, Microsoft console
ProjectCenter, KDevelop, LccWin32, MonoDevelop, debugger-CDB(Console Debugger). There is an
NetBeans C/C++ pack, Open Windows, OpenWatcom, integrated rapid application development plugin for the
Pelles C, Qt Creator, Sun Studio Rational Software wxWidgets toolkit, called wxSmith.
Architect, Turbo C++ Explorer, Turbo C++ Professional,
Ultimate++ TheIDE, Microsoft Visual Studio, Microsoft
4) Dev-C++ : Dev-C++[11] is developed by Bloodshed
Visual Studio Express, wxDev-C++, XCode, etc.
Software. It is written in Delphi. It is used in operating
Comparing and analyzing all these IDEs is a tough job, so,
systems like Microsoft Windows, Linux(alpha only). Dev-
here we are dealing with only a few IDEs. We shall describe C++ is a free IDE distributed under the GNU General Public
their features, compare and analyze them. License for programming in C and C++. It is bundled
with MinGW, a free compiler. The project is hosted
1) KDevelop : KDevelop[7,9,14] is developed by KDE(K
by SourceForge. Dev-C++ was originally developed by
Desktop Environment, K originally stood for Kool) and is
programmer Colin Laplace. Dev-C++ can also be used in
useful on Linux system to provide a Windows like combination with Cygwin or any other gcc-based compiler.
appearance to the user. It is written in C++. It uses cross-
One additional aspect of Dev-C++ is it’s use of DevPaks,
platform operating system and works on KDE platform. It is
packaged extensions on the programming environment with
a free software. KDE includes no compiler. It uses the
additional libraries, templates, and utilities. DevPaks often
external compiler like gcc/g++ to produce executable code. contain, but are not limited to, GUI utilities, including
It uses an embedded text editor and the default editor is
popular toolkits such as GTK+, wxWidgets, and FLTK.
KDE Advanced Text Editor. This default editor can be
Users of Dev-C++ can download additional libraries, or
replaced with Qt designer-based editor. It includes the packages of code that increase the scope and functionality of
features like Source code editor with syntax highlighting Dev-C++, such as graphics, compression, animation, sound
and automatic indentation, Class browser, GUI Designer,
support, and many more.
Front-end for the GNU Compiler Collection and GNU
Debugger, Wizards to generate and update class definitions
and application framework, Automatic code completion, 5) CodeLite : CodeLite[12] is developed by Eran Ifrah. It is
Built-in Doxygen support. It uses plugin based architecture. written in C++. It uses cross-platform operating system. It is
It is programming language independent and system- a free, open source IDE for the C and C++ languages. It
independent. It supports other technologies like Qt, GTK+, uses wxWidget toolkit for programming. The program is
and wxWidgets. compiled and debugged using free tools(MinGW and GDB)
for Mac OS X, Windows, Linux, and FreeBSD. It executes
any 3rd party compiler or tool that has a command line
2) Qt Creator : Qt Creator[22] is developed by Qt interface. It’s features include Project
Development Frameworks. It is written in C++. It is a cross management(workspace/projects), Code completion, Code
platform IDE and works only for C++ language. It includes
refactoring, Source browsing, Syntax highlighting,
a visual debugger, an integrated GUI layout, and a forms Subversion integration, cscope integration, Unittest++
designer. The IDE features include Syntax highlighting,
Auto Completion, Code editor for writing a well formatted

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integration, an interactive debugger built over GDB, and a abstract concepts are traditionally hard to understand for
source code editor. novice, and providing concrete representations for these is
intended to help the learning process. Although it is efficient
6) Pelles C : Pelles C[13] is developed by Pelle Orinius. It is software, it misses some of the features like live code
for only C language and works only in Windows operating checking and error detection, suggested correction for
system. It’s features include Integrated source code editor warnings/errors, code folding, etc.
with Win32 API call tips, Auto indenting, Integrated source-
level debugger, Project management, Inline MASM- 3) NetBeans : NetBeans[1, 3, 16, 18] is a product of Oracle
compatible assembler(POASM) with Intel syntax and linker Corporation. It is written in Java for cross platform
(POLINK), Support for delayed loading of DLLs, Most C99 operating system. It uses Java SE platform for executing the
features, Pocket PC, Fully customizable keyboard actions, programs. The NetBeans IDE runs wherever a JVM is
and syntax highlighting. installed, including Windows, Mac OS, Linux, and Solaris.
The NetBeans platform allows applications to be developed
from a set of modular software components called modules.
Applications based on the NetBeans platform(including the
NetBeans IDE) can be extended by third party developers.
B. IDEs for Java language
The NetBeans IDE is an open-source integrated
development environment. NetBeans IDE supports
There are many IDEs for the Java language viz. BlueJ, development of all Java application types viz. Java SE
DrJava, Eclipse JDT, Geany, GreenFoot, IntelliJ IDEA, including JavaFX, Java ME, EJB, etc. It supports the feature
JBuilder, JCreator, Jdeveloper, jGRASP, KDevelop, of modularity. Each module provides a well defined
MyEclipse, NetBeans, Rational Application Developer, function, such as support for the Java language, editing, or
Servoy, Xcode, etc. For comparison and analysis we shall support for the CVS(Concurrent Versioning System), and
take some of the IDEs listed above. SVN(Sub Version Number). It also includes a profiler
which helps developers to find memory leaks and optimize
1) Eclipse : Eclipse[5, 8, 20, 21] is written in Java language. speed. The GUI design tools enable to prototype and design
Eclipse is a multi-language software development Swing GUIs by dragging and positioning GUI components.
environment comprising of an Integrated Development The JavaScript editor provides extended support for
Environment(IDE) and an extensible plug-in system. The JavaScript, Ajax, and CSS. JavaScript editor features
Eclipse SDK(Software Development Kit) includes the comprise of syntax highlighting, refactoring, code
Eclipse Java Development Tools(JDT), offering an IDE completion for native objects and functions, generation of
with a built-in incremental Java compiler and a full model JavaScript class skeletons, generation of Ajax callbacks
of the Java source files. This allows for from a template, and automatic browser compatibility
advanced refactoring techniques and code analysis. The IDE checks.
also makes use of a workspace. Eclipse
implements widgets through a widget toolkit for Java 4) JCreator : JCreator[4, 10] is a product of Xinox
called SWT, unlike most Java applications, which use the Software. It is written in C++ for Microsoft Windows
Java standard Abstract Window Toolkit (AWT) or Swing. operating system. JCreator has two editions. The first one is
Eclipse's user interface also uses an intermediate GUI layer Lite Edition(LE) which is a freeware, and the second one is
called JFace, which simplifies the construction of Pro Edition(Pro). However, both the LE and Pro versions of
applications based on SWT. JCreator run adequately on Linux(using Wine). The features
set of the Pro version is comparable to that of other
2) BlueJ : BlueJ[2] is developed by BlueJ team. It’s original languages IDEs with respect to project management and
author is Michael Kolling. It is written in Java language. It editing features, but the set lacks advanced features such as
uses cross platform operating system and uses Java automated refactoring, support for common frameworks,
platform. It is developed mainly for educational purpose, etc, which can be found in the dominant Java IDEs such as
but is suitable for small-scale software development. BlueJ Eclipse and IntelliJ IDEA. The free LE version further lacks
was developed to support the teaching and learning of in some features such as code completion that is included in
object-oriented programming. It’s features include other free IDEs. Unlike the dominant Java IDEs today,
representation of object orientation, simplicity of the JCreator also lacks the level of extensibility through third-
interface, object interaction, the code pad, regression testing, party plugins that is common in popular Java IDEs. It
group work support, Flexible extension system, Jar files and includes the features like Custom color schemes, Wrapping
applets, translations, etc. Working with the BlueJ around existing projects, Different JDK profiles, Quick code
environment provides concrete experience for abstract writing via project templates, Easy project viewing with the
concepts, such as the class/object relationship, object class browser, Debugging with an intuitive interface, etc.
instantiation, method calling, parameter passing, etc. These
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 Sampada K Satav et al UNIASCIT, Vol 1 (1), 2011, 09-15

No command-line prompts are necessary. Wizards help in 5) GUI Builder : A GUI builder is a software
writing project, quickly and easily. The run-time development tool that simplifies the creation of
environment can run application as an applet, in a JUnit GUIs by allowing the designer to arrange widgets
environment or in a command-line window. JCreator's IDE using a drag-and-drop WYSIWYG(What You See
does not require a Java Runtime Environment to execute. Is What You Get) editor. It is also known as GUI
designer.
5) JDeveloper : JDeveloper [19, 26, 27] is an Oracle 6) AutoComplete : AutoComplete[24] shows a
Corporation product. It is written in Java for cross platform complete list of functions and variables bound to the
operating system. JDeveloper covers the full development scope of the object being typed.
lifecycle including Design, Coding, Debugging,
Optimization, Profiling, and Deploying. With JDeveloper, IV. ANALYSIS RESULTS
Oracle has aimed to simplify application development by
focusing on providing a visual and declarative approach to In this paper we are dealing with IDEs of languages viz.
application development in addition to building an advanced C, C++, and Java. The analysis results are given for the
coding environment. JDeveloper integrates with the Oracle IDEs according to their features.
Application Development Framework(Oracle ADF) - an 1) Platform used : The various operating systems used by
end-to-end Java EE-based framework that further simplifies the above IDEs are given below :
application development. JDeveloper comes in three
editions: Java Edition, J2EE Edition, and Studio Edition. Table I : Platforms used by the C/C++ IDEs
Each one offers more features on top of the other and all of
them are free. JDeveloper 11g only has two editions: Studio Windows Linux Mac Other
OS Platform
Edition and Java Edition. In JDeveloper 11g, J2EE Edition X
features are rolled into the Studio Edition. With the Java KDevelop Yes Yes Yes Solaris
Edition the features are Java SE 5 Support, Code Editor, Qt Creator Yes Yes Yes Solaris
Code Navigation, Refactoring, Swing, Unit Testing, Version Code::Blocks Yes Yes Yes FreeBSD
Control, Audit & Metrics, Debugging, Profiling, Ant CodeLite Yes Yes Yes FreeBSD
Dev-C++ Yes Yes No -
Support, XML Support, Open API & Extensions, User Pelles C Yes No No Windows
Assistance, etc. CE

III. COMPARISON AND CRITICAL ANALYSIS We can see from table I that most IDEs support multiple
operating systems with the exception of Pelles C which
The features of the IDEs on which they are compared supports Windows and it’s mobile versions. From this we
and analyzed are given below. They include all the features can say that most of the IDEs support Windows operating
on which the IDEs of C, C++, and Java get evaluated. It is system and then the Linux operating system.
not mandatory that all the features will suit all the IDEs —
Table II : Platforms used by Java IDEs
1) Platform used : This tells the operating system(s)
Windows Linux Mac Other
supported by a particular IDE which includes OS X Platform
Windows, Linux, Solaris, Mac OS X operating
BlueJ Yes Yes Yes Solaris
system, and the other operating systems.
2) Profiler : Profiler is a dynamic programming
Eclipse Yes Yes Yes Solaris
analysis which is used to determine which section of
program to optimize to increase it’s overall speed,
JCreator Yes No No -
decrease it’s memory requirement or both.
3) Debugger : Debugger is a program which runs JDeveloper Yes Yes Yes generic JVM
source program in such a way as to let us see every
step of program execution. A debugger will let us NetBeans Yes Yes Yes Solaris
stop the program while it is running, change the
program or program variables, and start the program
running again.
2) Profiler : Profilers are usually very complex and have to
4) Static Code Analysis : Static code analysis[28] is a
be accurate to make any kind of difference in practice. As
methodology of detecting errors in program code such they are found mostly in the larger, more popular
based on the programmer's reviewing the code IDEs.
marked by him in those places where potential Table III : C/C++ IDEs with/without Profilers
errors may occur.

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 Sampada K Satav et al UNIASCIT, Vol 1 (1), 2011, 09-15

KDevelop Qt Code:: CodeLite Dev- Pelles From the table VII, it can be seen that the static code
Creator Blocks C++ C analysis tool feature is found in only two IDEs i.e.
Profiler Yes No Yes No Yes No Code::Blocks and CodeLite. As the Static analysis tools are
usually rather expensive, they demand knowledge in using
them and have rather complicated subsystems of setting and
Table IV : Java IDEs with/without Profilers
suppressing false messages. In return of complicated usage,
static code analyzers allow developers to detect a lot of
BlueJ Eclipse JCreator JDeveloper NetBeans
JDT errors on the early steps of developing program code. So
Profiler No Yes No Yes Yes
this feature increases the value of the IDE and it should be
incorporated by the other IDEs also. The main advantage of
static code analyzer lies in the possibility of considerable
Profiler is a programming tool incorporated in an IDE cost saving of defects elimination in a program.
which tracks the performance of the program. Table III
shows that IDEs like KDevelop, Code::Blocks, Dev-C++ 5) GUI Builder : GUI builders are becoming more and more
have the profiler feature. commonplace with almost all the major IDEs supporting
3) Debugger : A debugger is an essential component for any GUI design. These greatly speed up the coding process.
IDE. Without this the purpose of an IDE remains largely These depend on automatic code generation and conversion
unfulfilled as simple coding can also be done using text to match the code written by the programmer.
editors like Notepad. The debugger is a tool that
differentiates an IDE from a command line compiler. These are also fairly complex and while they greatly
speed up the development process, they are very large and
Table V : C/C++ IDEs with Debuggers require a long time to implement. As such these are rapidly
Qt Code:: Code Dev- Pelles being adopted by most IDEs but now they are limited to the
KDevelop Creator Blocks Lite C++ C
more popular ones.
Debugger Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Table VIII : GUI builders for C/C++ IDEs

KDevelop Qt Code:: Cod Dev- Pelles C

Table VI : Java IDEs with/without Debuggers Creator Blocks e Lite C++

BlueJ Eclipse JCreator JDeveloper NetBeans GUI Yes Yes Yes No No Yes
JDT Builder
Debugger Yes Yes No No Yes

Table IX : GUI Builders for Java IDEs

Debuggers are found in all IDEs as they are usually the
first component that is worked on. The importance of a BlueJ Eclipse JDT JCreator JDeveloper NetBeans
good debugger cannot be overlooked. Indeed, the existence
and quality of such a tool for a given language and platform GUI
Builder No No No No Yes
can often be the deciding factor in it’s use, even if another
language/platform is better-suited to the task.
6) AutoComplete : This feature is used by IDEs to offer ease
4) Static Code Analysis : This feature is used to augment the of coding to the developers. The feature creates an index of
operation of a debugger. More commonly known as adding all the available keywords and literals(function names,
breakpoints, this is one of the most important features of an variable names, etc.) and whenever the developer starts
IDE. Unfortunately, this also is very complex and requires a typing a word, this feature provides suggestions as to what
massive amount of coding. As such this feature is found the word might be. This reduces complexity greatly and
only in the major IDEs. allows the developer to focus on the coding aspect rather
than trying to remember the long list of keywords.
Table VII : IDEs with Static Code Analysis feature
Table X : C/C++ IDEs with/without AutoComplete
Qt Code:: CodeLite Dev- Pelles C
KDevelop Creator Block C++ Qt Code:: CodeLite Dev- Pelles C
s KDevelop Creator Blocks C++
Static
Code No No Yes Yes No No AutoComplete Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes
Analysis

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[6] Dana Nourie (2005-03-24),"Getting Started with an

Table XI : Java IDEs with/without AutoComplete Integrated Development Environment”.
[7] David Sweet, et al. ”KDE 2.0 Development”.
BlueJ Eclipse JCreator JDeveloper NetBeans [8] “Eclipse Platform Technical Overview”, Object
JDT Technology International Inc., February 2003.
AutoComplete Yes No Yes No Yes [9] “Finally KDevelop 4.0 final published", 1 May 2010,
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[10] http://www.jcreator.com.
The AutoComplete feature is incorporated in the BlueJ, [11] http://sourceforge.net/projects/dev-
NetBeans, and in the Lite Edition of JCreator IDE. cpp/forums/forum/33286/topic/1334635.
[12] http://sourceforge.net/projects/codelite.
[13] http://www.smorgasbordet.com/pellesc.
V. CONCLUSION [14] Ivan Ruchkin, Vladimir Prus”, Single-window
integrated development environment”.
This paper has focused on the various features provided [15] JN-UG-3028 Code::Blocks IDE User Guide.
by IDEs available in the market. It provides a general [16] Keegan, Patrick; Champenois, Ludovic; Crawley,
outline on how the various features that are provided in Gregory; Hunt, Charlie; Webster, Christopher (May 9,
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provides a summary of the most common features as well as Desktop, Web, Enterprise, and Mobile
their availability in the various IDEs under study. The Applications(Second ed.), Prentice Hall, p.p. 424,
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many of the features listed in this paper. [17] Masamitsu, Jon (28 November 2006),"Presenting the
Permanent Generation", http://blogs.sun.com/jonthe
ACKNOWLEDGMENT collector/entry/presenting_the_permanent_generation.
[18] Myatt, Adam(February 21, 2008), Pro Netbeans IDE 6
The authors wish to express their heartfelt gratitude to Rich Client Platform Edition (First ed.), Apress, p.p.
Hon’ble Shri Santoshji Rungta, Chairman, GDR 491, ISBN 1590598954. http://www.apress.com/book/
Educational Society, Bhilai; Respected Shri Sourabh view/9781590598955.
Rungta, Director Systems, RCET, Bhilai; Respected Shri [19] Mills, Duncan; Koletzke, Peter; Roy-Faderman, Avrom
Sonal Rungta, Director Finance & Administration, RCET, (October 20, 2009), Oracle JDeveloper 11g Handbook:
Bhilai; Respected Dr. S. M. Prasanna Kumar, Principal, A Guide to Fusion Web Development(1st ed.),
RCET, Bhilai for providing the facilities for the research McGraw-Hill, p.p. 928, ISBN 0071602380.
and development work and for constant encouragement. http://www.mhprofessional.com/product.php?isbn=007
1602380.
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