Exercise 3: Past Board Exam in Thermodynamics & Other Basic Concepts

Exercise 3 (With Answer)

Direction: Select the letter of your choice that will best answer the question, statement or problem. In
case there are no choices in some of the questions, solve the problems clearly and logically on the
separate sheets of yellow pad.

1. An air bubble rises from the bottom of a well where the temperature is 25 deg. C, to the surface
where the temperature is 27 deg. C. Find the percent increase in the volume of the bubble if the
depth of the well is 5 m. Atmospheric pressure is 101,528 Pascals.
2. An ideal gas is 45 psig and 80 deg. F is heated in a closed container to 130 deg. F. What is the
final pressure.
3. A large mining company was provided with a 3000 cubic cm of compressed air tank. Air pressure
in the tank drops from 700 kPa to 180 kPa while the temperature remains unchanged at 28 deg.
C. What percentage has the mass of air in the tank been reduced.
4. How much work is necessary to compress air in an insulated cylinder from 0.20 cubic m to 0.01
cubic. M. Use T1= 20 deg. C and P1= 100 kPa.
5. A heat engine is operated between temperature limits of 1370 deg. C and 260 deg. C. Engine is
supplied with 14,142 kJ/kw-hr. Find the Carnot Cycle efficiency in percent.
6. A closed vessel contains air at a pressure of 160 kN/m 2gauge and a temperature of 3 deg. C. The
air is heated at constant volume to 60 deg. C with the atmospheric pressure of 759 mm Hg.
What is the final gauge pressure?
7. What is the temperature in deg .c of 2 liters of water at 30 deg C after 500 calories of heat have
been added.
8. A steam condenser receives 10 kg per second of steam with an enthalpy of 2,570 kJ/kg. Steam
condenses into liquid and leaves with an enthalpy of 160 kJ/kg. Cooling water passes through
the condenser with temperature increases from 13 deg. C to 24 deg. C. Calculate the cooling
water flowrate in kg/s.
9. Determine the average Cp value in kJ/kg-K of a gas if 522 kJ of heat is necessary to raise the
temperature from 300K to 800 K making the pressure constant.
10. The thermal efficiency of a particular engine operating on an ideal cycle is 35%. Calculate the
heat supplied per 1200 watt-hr of work developed in kJ.
11. Steam enters the superheaters of a boiler at a pressure of 25 ar and dryness of 0.98 and leaves
at the same pressure at a temperature of 370 deg. C. Calculate the heat energy supplied in the
superheaters. Properties of steam are as follows:
@ 25 bar & 370 deg. C ( h = 3171.8 kJ/kg); and @ 25 bar & 0.98 dryness ( hf = 962.11 kJ/kg; hfg =
1841.01 kJ/kg)
12. A steam expands adiabatically in a turbine from 2000 kPa, 400 deg. C to 400 kPa, 250 deg. C.
What is the effectiveness of the process in percent assuming an atmospheric temperature of 15
deg C. Neglect changes in kinetic & potential energy.
Properties of steam:
@ 2000kPa & 400 deg.C ( h= 3,247.6 kJ/kg, S = 7.1271 kJ/kg-K) and @ 400 kPa & 250 deg C ( h =
2,964.2 kJ/kg & S = 7.3789 kJ/kg-K)
13. Steam enters a throttling calorimeter at a pressure of 1.03 MPa. The calorimeter downstream
pressure and temperature are respectively 0.100 MPa and 125 deg. C. What is the percentage
moisture of the supply steam.
14. Steam flows into a turbine at the rate of 10 kg /s and 10kW of heat are lost from the turbine.
Ignoring elevation and kinetic energy effects, calculate the power output from the turbine. Note:
h1 = 2739.00 kJ/kg & h2 = 2300.50 kJ/kg
15. Oil flows full bore at a velocity of 2 m/s through a nest of 16 tubes in a single pass cooler. The
internal diameter of the tubes is 30 mm and the density of the oil is 0.85 gram/liter. Find the
volume flow in liters per second.
16. A pressure gage discharges 50 tons of water per hour to a height of 8m, the overall efficiency of
the pumping system being 69%. Calculate the output & input power.
17. A Carnot cycle receives 130 Btu of heat from a hot reservoir at 700 deg. F and rejects 49 Btu of
heat. Calculate the temperature of the cold reservoir.
18. A tank contains 80 cubic ft of air at a pressure of 350 psi. If the air is cooled until its pressure and
decrease to 200 psi & 70 dg. F respectively, what is the decrease in internal energy?
19. If 10 lbs of water evaporated at atmospheric pressure until a volume of 288.5 cubic ft is
occupied, how much work is done?
20. A Carnot engine requires 35 kJ/s from the hot source. The engine produces 15 kW of power and
the temperature of the sink is 26 deg. C. What is the temperature of the hot source in deg. C?
21. If 6 liters of a gas at a pressure of 100 kPaa are compressed reversibly according to PV 2=C, until
the volume becomes 2 liters. Find the final pressure.
22. The flow energy of 124 liters per minute of a fluid passing a boundary to system is 108.5 kJ/min.
Determine the pressure at this point
23. Work done by a substance in reversible nonflow manner in accordance with V = 100/P cubic ft,
where P is in psia. Evaluate the work done on or by the substance as the pressure increases from
10 psia to 100 psia.
24. Helium is compressed isothermally from 14.7 psia & 68 deg. F. The compression ratio is 4.
Calculate the change in entropy of the gas given that R helium= 0.4961 Btu /lbm-R.
25. Steam leaves an industrial boiler at 827.4 kPa & 171.6 deg. C ( hf = 727.25 kJ/kg, hfg = 2043.2
kJ/kg). A portion of the steam is passed through a throttling calorimeter and is exhausted to the
atmosphere when the calorimeter pressure is 101.4 kPa and a temperature of 115.6 deg. C. ( h =
2707.6 kJ/kg). How much moisture does the steam leaving the boiler contain?