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MOOD Part 2

The document discusses the components of the RESIDUE in a clause, which includes the Predicator, Complement, and Adjuncts. It defines each component and provides examples. Adjuncts can be circumstantial, adding ideational meaning, modal, adding interpersonal meaning, or textual, adding organization. Modalization and modulation are also discussed as ways to express degrees of certainty or attitude through language.

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Febri Susanti
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69 views

MOOD Part 2

The document discusses the components of the RESIDUE in a clause, which includes the Predicator, Complement, and Adjuncts. It defines each component and provides examples. Adjuncts can be circumstantial, adding ideational meaning, modal, adding interpersonal meaning, or textual, adding organization. Modalization and modulation are also discussed as ways to express degrees of certainty or attitude through language.

Uploaded by

Febri Susanti
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The grammar of interpersonal

meaning: MOOD
Part 2
Ahmad Nadhif
Constituents of the RESIDUE
• Just as the MOOD component contained
the two constituents of Subject and Finite,
so the RESIDUE component can also
contain a number of functional elements: a
Predicator, one or more Complements,
and any number of different types of
Adjuncts.
Predicator
• The PREDICATOR is the lexical or content part of the
verbal group. For example:

• The verbal group contains two elements: am reading.


The first part of the verbal group, am, is the Finite as it
carries the selections for number, tense, polarity, etc.
The second verbal element, reading, tells us what
process was actually going on. This element is the
Predicator.
• The definition of the Predicator, then, is that it fills the
role of specifying the actual event, action or process
being discussed.
• The Predicator is identified as being all the
verbal elements of the clause after the single
Finite element.
• Thus, in a clause with a lengthy verbal group:

• might is the Finite, and all the remaining


verbal elements (have been going to read) is
the Predicator.
Complement
• A second component of the RESIDUE is the
Complement. A Complement is defined as a
non-essential participant in the clause, a
participant somehow affected by the main
argument of the proposition.
• It is identified as an element within the
Residue that has the potential of being
Subject but is not. A Complement can get to
be Subject through the process of making the
clause passive:
Adjuncts
• Adjuncts can be defined as clause
elements which contribute some additional
(but non-essential) information to the
clause.
• They can be identified as elements which
do not have the potential to become
Subject - i.e. they are not nominal
elements, but are adverbial, or
prepositional.
• The Adjuncts in the following clauses are
shown in bold:
• I learnt the English language from this
guy.
• Camels always walk like that.
• Actually, I really wanted pink champagne.
• Frankly, I can't stand Henry James.
• Although all Adjuncts share these
characteristics, we can differentiate
between three broad classes of Adjuncts,
according to whether their contribution to
the clause is principally ideational,
interpersonal or textual.
Adding ideational meaning:
Circumstantial Adjuncts
• Circumstantial Adjuncts add ideational
content to the clause, by expressing some
circumstance relating to the process
represented in the clause.
• Circumstantial meanings may refer to time
(probed with when), place {where), cause
{why), matter {about what),
accompaniment {with whom), beneficiary
{to whom), agent {by whom}
Adding interpersonal meaning:
Modal Adjuncts
• Modal Adjuncts are clause constituents which
add interpersonal meanings to the clause.
• That is they add meanings which are
somehow connected to the creation and
maintenance of the dialogue. They can do this
either by impacting directly on the MOOD
element (by adding some qualification to the
Subject/Finite), or indirectly, by merely adding
an expression of attitude or by making an
attempt to direct the interaction itself.
4 main types of Modal Adjunct:
• 1. Mood Adjuncts

• 2. Polarity Adjuncts

• 3. Comment Adjuncts

• 4. Vocative Adjuncts
Adding textual meaning: Textual
Adjuncts
• Textual meanings are meanings to do with
the organization of the message itself.
There are two types of textual adjuncts:
• conjunctive adjuncts

• continuity adjuncts.
Summary of Adjuncts
Modality; (1) modalization
• When we exchange information we are
arguing about whether something is or is not.
Information is something that can be affirmed
or denied.
• But these two poles of polarity are not the only
possibilities. In between these two extremes
are a number of choices of degree of
certainty, or of usuality: something is perhaps,
something isn't for sure. Something is
sometimes or something isn't always. These
intermediate positions are what we refer to as
modalization.
• We have already come across these
meanings of modalization in two places in
our analysis: in the Finite category of
modal operators, and in the class of Mood
Adjuncts. The meanings made through
modalization can therefore be present in
the clause in three possible ways:
• Both modal operators and Mood Adjuncts
can be classified according to the degree
of certainty or usuality they express:
• HIGH (must, certainly, always),
• MEDIAN (may, probably, usually) or
• LOW (might, possibly, sometime)
Modality: (2) modulation
• Modulation is a way for speakers to
express their judgments or attitudes about
actions and events. When we are acting
on or for other people, we do not only
have the dogmatic choices of do or don't
do, I'll give you this or I won't give you this.
But between these two poles of
compliance and refusal we can express
degrees of obligation and inclination.

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