Experiment 1 Difference Between Organic and Inorganic Compounds

l. OBJECTIVES:
 To describe the physical and chemical properties of each reagent base on it's
physical state, color, odor and solubility in water
 To find the relationship between molecular structure, chemical and physical
properties to classify as organic or inorganic on the basis of observation of
chemical and physical properties.
ll. THEORY:

Organic compounds are defined as the compounds that contain carbon as one of
their constituents whether it be in the solid, gaseous, or liquid state. The organic
compounds have various theories where they are described, like structural formulas,
space-filled models, and Lewis structures. Organic compounds are generally identified
using the instrument mass spectra. Organic compounds are mainly classified into two
parts: Open chain compounds and cyclic compounds. Open chain compounds are
further subdivided into two parts, i.e., straight-chained compounds and branched-chain
compounds. Cyclic compounds are again categorized into two kinds: Homocyclic
compounds and heterocyclic compounds. Homocyclic compounds are again divided
into two types of forms: alicyclic compounds and aromatic compounds. Organic
compounds include carbohydrates, proteins and fats or lipids. All organic molecules
contain carbon atoms and they tend to be larger and more complex molecules than
inorganic ones. This is largely because each carbon atom can link with four other
atoms. Organic compounds can therefore consist of from one to many thousands of
carbon atoms joined to form chains, branched chains and rings. All organic compounds
also contain hydrogen and they may also contain other elements. Inorganic compounds
The part of chemistry that focuses upon compounds that lack carbon as one of their
constituents is known as inorganic compounds. It is basically the opposite of the
definition of organic compounds. The substances lack the bonding of carbon and
hydrogen. Compounds like salts, chemical substances, and metals are inorganic
compounds. Till now around 100000 inorganic compounds have been discovered. Most
of the inorganic compounds have the capacity of conducting electricity. When the
inorganic compounds are in the solid-state, they are poor conductors of electricity while
in a liquid state, the inorganic compounds are very good conductors of electricity. All the
electrons, in this particular phase, move around freely. And this particular movement of
electrons is termed electricity. Ionic bonds are particularly available in inorganic
compounds which keep them in very close proximity. Hence they are packed densely
and contain high boiling as well as melting points. Another feature of inorganic
compounds is colored. The association of atoms of different elements results in the
formation of compounds. Based on the kind of attraction that exists between the atoms
of the compound, compounds are classified into four major categories: In covalent
compounds, atoms of different elements share their electrons to attain stability In ionic
compounds, atoms of different elements associate with each other by the complete
transfer of their electrons All organisms are largely composed of organic molecules. The
organic molecules which are highly important to us are mainly carbohydrates, proteins,
lipids etc. Molecules associated with living organisms are organic. These include nucleic
acids, fats, sugars, proteins, enzymes, and hydrocarbon fuels. All organic molecules
contain carbon, nearly all contain hydrogen, and many also contain oxygen. Inorganics
include salts, metals, substances made from single elements and any other compounds
that don't contain carbon bonded to hydrogen. Some inorganic molecules do, in fact,
contain carbon. Difference Between Organic and Inorganic Compounds During the early
years of the development of chemistry, chemists made many unsuccessful attempts to
synthesis organic compounds in the laboratory. After multiple failures, all their efforts
went futile and they were forced to believe that organic compounds can be synthesized
by the special mechanism which can take place only inside living beings. Hence, unlike
inorganic compounds organic compounds cannot be prepared in the laboratory.
Synthesis of Organic Compounds The discovery of urea was responsible for the
revolution in the field of organic chemistry. This discovery led Kolbe in 1845 to work on
the preparation of acetic acid in the laboratory while Hennel worked successfully on the
preparation of ethyl alcohol, Berthelot in 1856 made a successful attempt in preparation
of methane in the laboratory without using any living organism.

lll. EQUIPMENT AND APPARATUS:

Laboratory glassware refers
to a variety of equipment
Glassware/ Beaker used in scientific work, and
traditionally made of glass.
Glass can be blown, bent,
cut, molded, and formed into
many sizes and shapes, and
is therefore common
in chemistry, biology, and
analytical laboratories.
 Ultra-permanent ink ideal for
histology and cytology.
Markings will not run on
embedding cassettes,
Laboratory Marker frosted or painted slides or
labware through repeated
washes and solutions.
Markings can be removed
with acetic acid,
ethanol/xylene mixture.

Masking tape is a lightly

adhesive, easy to tear, paper
Masking Tape tape, that can be smoothly
applied and removed without
leaving marks or damage.

A measuring spoon is
a spoon used to measure an
Teaspoon or amount of an ingredient,
Measuring Spoon either liquid or dry, when
cooking. Measuring spoons
may be made of plastic,
metal, and other materials.
They are available in many
sizes, including
the teaspoon and tablespoon
.
lV. CHEMICALS:
 Acetic acid - is an organic compound belonging to the carboxylic acid group. Its
formula is CH₃COOH where a methyl group is attached to a carboxyl functional
group.
 Alcohol - In chemistry, alcohol is an organic compound that carries at least
one hydroxyl functional group (−OH) bound to a saturated carbon atom.[2] The
term alcohol originally referred to the primary alcohol ethanol (ethyl alcohol),
which is used as a drug and is the main alcohol present in alcoholic drinks. 
 Sucrose - is made up of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose
joined together. It is a disaccharide, a molecule composed of two
monosaccharides: glucose and fructose.
 Sodium bicarbonate, commonly known as baking soda or bicarbonate of soda,
is a chemical compound with the formula NaHCO₃. It is a salt composed of a
sodium cation and a bicarbonate anion. Sodium bicarbonate is a white solid that
is crystalline, but often appears as a fine powder.
 Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), usually as a 3–6% solution in water, usually
called "liquid bleach" or just "bleach". 
 Salt is a mineral composed primarily of sodium chloride, a chemical compound
belonging to the larger class of salts; salt in the form of a natural crystalline
mineral is known as rock salt or halite. Salt is present in vast quantities in
seawater.
V. PROCEDURE:
1. Preparing the equipment and chemicals to be used in the experiment
2. Label all the glassware using masking tape to recognize what specific
chemicals is attached to the glassware
3. Describe the physical and chemical properties of each reagent based on
the physical state color, odor and solubility in water.
4. Place small amounts of following reagent in the different glassware
containing sufficient amount of water.
Vl. DATA AND ANALYSIS:
A. Clarify the reagent whether it is an organic or inorganic compound.
Alcohol ORGANIC COMPOUND
Vegetable Oil
Acetic Acid
Salt
Baking Soda
Sucrose
Bleach
 Alcohol SOLUBLE IN WATER
Vegetable Oil
Acetic Acid
Salt
Baking Soda
Sucrose
Bleach
B. SOLUBILITY TEST:

Vll. GUIDE QUESTIONS:

1. why inorganic compound is important?
2. In this experiment how will you Describe the organic and inorganic
compound?
3. Why is this experiment important to us?
4. Why Vegetable is not soluble in water?

Vlll. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS:

 Organic compounds are contains of carbon as one of their constituents whether it

be in the solid , gaseous, or liquids state. These compounds are inflammable and
highly volatile. Inorganic compounds are usually natural minerals and found only
in the solid state. Compounds like salts, chemical substances, and metal are
inorganic compounds. Inorganic compounds are non-volatile as well as not
inflammable.
 Organic compounds are usually insoluble in water and these compounds mainly
have carbon to hydrogen bonds. Whereas inorganic compounds are insoluble in
a few organic solvents and are soluble in water and lack in carbon to hydrogen
bonds.
 After the experiment the researchers have found that the primary difference
between organic and inorganic compounds is that organic compounds always
contain carbon while most inorganic compounds do not contain carbon. Also,
nearly all organic compounds contain carbon-hydrogen or C-H bonds. It was also
found that organic compounds are also invariably associated with hydrogen, as
they are known to form covalent bonds. Inorganic compounds contrarily do not
have the above idiosyncratic characteristics. Once again, any molecules
relatively associated with living beings are regarded as organic.

lX: CONCLUSION:
Organic compounds have low melting point that’s why it melts easily than inorganic
compounds having high melting point. elements present in organic compounds were
identified in this experiment by combustion and addition of a strong base to an organic
compound. organic compounds are poor conductor of electricity while inorganic
compounds are good conductor because it easily breaks into ions in water.

X. GUIDE QUESTIONS:
5. why inorganic compound is important?
6. In this experiment how will you Describe the organic and inorganic
compound?
7. Why is this experiment important to us?
8. Why Vegetable is not soluble in water?

Xl. APPENDICES:

REFERENCES:
Clayden, J.; Greeves, N. and Warren, S. (2012) Organic Chemistry. Oxford University
Press. pp. 1–15. ISBN 0-19-927029-5.
Morrison, Robert T.; Boyd, Robert N. and Boyd, Robert K. (1992) Organic Chemistry,
6th ed., Benjamin Cummings. ISBN 978-0136436690.
Streitwieser, Andrew; Heathcock, Clayton H.; Kosower, Edward M. (2017). Introduction
to Organic Chemistry. New Delhipages=3–4: Medtech (Scientific International, reprint of
revised 4th edition, Macmillan, 1998). ISBN 978-93-85998-89-8.
Nicolaou, K.C.; Sorensen, E.J. (1996). Classics in Total Synthesis: Targets, Strategies,
Methods. Wiley. ISBN 978-3-527-29231-8.
Lehn, J.M. (1995). Supramolecular Chemistry: Concepts and Perspectives. Weinheim:
VCH. ISBN 978-3-527-29311-7.
 Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the
Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.