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Experiment 04 Identification of Carboxylic Acid

This document describes three tests that can be used to identify carboxylic acids: 1. The litmus test, where carboxylic acids turn blue litmus red due to donating protons. 2. The sodium bicarbonate test, where carboxylic acids react with sodium bicarbonate to produce carbon dioxide gas and sodium acetate, causing effervescence. 3. The ester test, where carboxylic acids react with alcohols in the presence of sulfuric acid to form esters, identifiable by their sweet smell. These three tests can distinguish carboxylic acids from similar functional groups like phenols.

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3K views8 pages

Experiment 04 Identification of Carboxylic Acid

This document describes three tests that can be used to identify carboxylic acids: 1. The litmus test, where carboxylic acids turn blue litmus red due to donating protons. 2. The sodium bicarbonate test, where carboxylic acids react with sodium bicarbonate to produce carbon dioxide gas and sodium acetate, causing effervescence. 3. The ester test, where carboxylic acids react with alcohols in the presence of sulfuric acid to form esters, identifiable by their sweet smell. These three tests can distinguish carboxylic acids from similar functional groups like phenols.

Uploaded by

sandi fernando
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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EXPERIMENT 04

IDENTIFICATION OF
CARBOXYLIC ACID
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY IPS/CS 2143
PRACTICAL SESSION

KANCHANA EKANAYAKE M.Sc., B.Sc.


Lecturer in PCS
FHS
CINEC campus (Pvt) ltd
LEARNING OBJECTIVES

• At the end of this practical class student should be able to,

➢Identify the methods involve in identification of carboxylic acid

Kanchana Ekanayake (CINEC campus pvt. Ltd) 10/1/2021


WHAT IS A CARBOXYLIC ACID?

➢ The carboxylic acid chemical structure contains


a carbonyl functional group and hydroxyl
group.
➢ It interacts easily with polar compounds and
contributes to many important chemical
reactions.
➢ Carboxylic acids have a tendency to donate
protons and act as acids. It is this property
which is helpful in the identification of a
-COOH group

Kanchana Ekanayake (CINEC pvt. Ltd) 10/1/2021


TESTS CAN BE CARRIED OUT TO DETECT THE
CARBOXYLIC ACID FUNCTIONAL GROUP.

1. Litmus test
2. Sodium bicarbonate test
3. Ester test

Kanchana Ekanayake (CINEC pvt. Ltd) 10/1/2021


1. LITMUS TEST

• The carboxylic acid turns blue litmus red.


• Why? Because the hydroxyl group present in
-COOH is far acidic than in alcohol.
• The chemical reaction occurs in the litmus test is,
R-COOH + H2O → R-COO– + H3O+
• Note: if the colour of the blue litmus paper
changes to red then carboxylic group is present.
Phenol also gives this test.

Kanchana Ekanayake (CINEC pvt. Ltd) 10/1/2021


2. SODIUM BICARBONATE TEST
• When carboxylic acid reacts with sodium
bicarbonate solution carbon dioxide is evolved with
a brisk effervescence along with sodium acetate is
formed.
• The chemical reaction is given below.
R-COOH + NaHCO3 → R-COONa + H2O + CO2↑
Brisk
effervescence

Note: this test is used to distinguish between carboxylic


acid from phenol. Phenol does not answer to this test

Kanchana Ekanayake (CINEC pvt. Ltd) 10/1/2021


3. ESTER TEST

• Carboxylic acid reacts with alcohol in the


presence of concentrated sulfuric acid forms a
pleasant-smelling ester.
• This reaction is known as esterification.
• The chemical reaction is given below.
R-COOH + R-OH + H2SO4 → RCOO-R + H2O
(ESTER)

• Note: formation of a sweet-smelling compound


indicates the presence of carboxylic group in the
given organic
Kanchana Ekanayakecompound.
(CINEC pvt. Ltd) 10/1/2021
CONTACT ME
[email protected]

Kanchana Ekanayake (CINEC pvt. Ltd) 10/1/2021

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