CLOUD INFRASTRUCTURE IN KIATRE CONSULTANT

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM

SUBMITTED BY
ASHWIN KUMAR S R MBA20290
SESSHAN N S MBA20323
AVINASH N MBA20262
Contents
Introduction...........................................................................................................................................3
Challenges faced by Kriate Consultants.................................................................................................3
IT costs:..............................................................................................................................................3
Lack of flexibility in work practices:...................................................................................................3
Data storage:.....................................................................................................................................3
Lack of technical support:..................................................................................................................4
Management Organisational Technology (MOT Framework)................................................................4
Management Information System on Cloud..........................................................................................5
Accounting.........................................................................................................................................5
Component of MIS in accounts..........................................................................................................5
Cost Report:...................................................................................................................................5
Variance Reports:..........................................................................................................................5
Profitability Factors and Value drivers Report:..............................................................................5
Finance:.................................................................................................................................................6
Components of MIS in Finance..........................................................................................................6
General Ledger..............................................................................................................................6
Cash Management.........................................................................................................................6
Budget Planning.............................................................................................................................6
Infrastructure as a Service (IAAS)..................................................................................................6
Human Resource Management system.................................................................................................6
Real-time and precise assessments...................................................................................................7
Increase in Employee engagement....................................................................................................7
Full-time access to Pay and Benefits Information..............................................................................7
Easy upgradation, enhanced security, and great predictive analytics...............................................7
Decision Support System.......................................................................................................................8
Objectives of DSS in Kriate Consultants.............................................................................................8
Three Basic Components of DSS........................................................................................................9
 Model Management System..................................................................................................9
 User Interface-.......................................................................................................................9
 Knowledge Base-...................................................................................................................9
Expert System in MIS.............................................................................................................................9
Expert System Components...............................................................................................................9
User Interface................................................................................................................................9
Interference Engine.....................................................................................................................10

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 Knowledge Base...........................................................................................................................10
Data Acquisition Subsystem........................................................................................................10
Cloud Providers...................................................................................................................................10
Cloud Migration...................................................................................................................................10
1) Establish the migration-architecture role....................................................................................11
2) Choose the level of cloud integration..........................................................................................11
Shallow Cloud Integration............................................................................................................11
Deep Cloud Integration................................................................................................................11
3) Choose single or multi-cloud.......................................................................................................11
One application in one cloud and another application in different cloud....................................11
Split the application across multiple cloud providers..................................................................11
Build the application to be cloud agnostic...................................................................................11
4) Establish Cloud KPIs.....................................................................................................................12
5) Establish performance Baselines.................................................................................................12
6) Prioritize migration components.................................................................................................12
7) Perform any necessary refactoring..............................................................................................12
8) Create a data-migration plan.......................................................................................................12
9) Switch over production...............................................................................................................12
Do all at once...............................................................................................................................12
Do little bit at a time....................................................................................................................12
10) Review application resource allocation.....................................................................................13
Conclusion...........................................................................................................................................13

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Introduction
In this era of rapid technological innovations integrated with easy access to faster internet
facilities has paved way for many organizations to store data on cloud in order to access
information 24/7. As a result, there has been a proliferation of cloud service providers in the
recent times which comes as a path-breaking and a feasible solution which makes storage of
data easier, secure and feasible for organizations take on cloud services.
Yet, many IT start-ups have been reluctant to adopt cloud-based systems and prefer to store
their data in their local servers. But now due to the COVID-19 pandemic even the mode of
operating office has become a big question mark and organizations started adopting hybrid
model where majority of the employees are made to work in home and maintain minimum
number of employees are staffed in the premises. The pandemic situation was out of the
blue and organizations started facing wide range of challenges ranging from lack of
coordination to completion of projects pending.
This project focusses on one such challenge faced by IT start-ups where the employees find
difficulty in accessing the company data due to the traditional method of storage and
provide solutions for overcoming the challenge by adopting cloud-based storage of data.

Challenges faced by Kriate Consultants

IT costs:
Start-ups that are foraying into the IT space always face the burden of purchasing expensive
systems and system related equipment for the business. The initial cost of investment is
high in case of IT start-ups. This drives up the operational cost of the company thus making
it difficult to achieve economies of scale. Since the IT start -ups are heavily clustered in
recent years, competitive pricing has always been a major challenge. With the absence of
cloud system, the company has to invest heavily in software and equipment’s and also need
to setup local servers and hire technicians and expert staffs to maintain IT systems which
drives up the employee remuneration cost of the company. This indeed results in loss of the
company in the competitive market.

Lack of flexibility in work practices:

Due to COVID 19 pandemic there was major shift in the companies working culture. Since
most of the employees are in different locations there is a difficulty in accessing information
immediately. Remote access to information was not available, which increased operational
inefficiencies in the organisation. Access to connect through a virtual office was made
difficult.

Data storage:
The data is stored in the company. In case of a hardware problem, natural disaster or power
shortage and if the data is located in a local server, the data of the company can be affected
and cannot be accessed. Due to the absence of cloud system, the company cannot access
the data or even the employees cannot access the data remotely which results to delay in
critical IT projects and significant losses to the company.

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Lack of technical support:
Most of the IT start-ups lack technical support and as a result leads to a situation where the
company has to hire a third party for the support which drives up the cost additionally to
the company. Most of the start-ups solely depend upon their local system whereas there
are opportunities to set up a hybrid system consisting of local data management as well as
deploying cloud systems.

Management Organisational Technology (MOT Framework)

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Management Information System on Cloud
Accounting
The management information system has been playing a major role in accounts. As for
accounting, MIS is the source for information on the company’s financial health and current
financial situation.
The following were the use of Management Information system in Accounts
 The MIS helps to track the company’s financial growth, thereby analysing and
reporting the business income
 Analysing data includes data sources like personal knowledge, employees,
documents, management business models, and executives. This will help the
company in identifying and solving the problems to make decisions.
 The data gathered from different outcomes will be presented in graphs, charts, and
tables. This will help the company to maintain communication between employees
and also between the employer and the employee.
 It allows the data for smooth flow along with the various level of the organization
with minimal effort. This will allow for more effective communication.
 MIS identifies the strength of the organization which will allow the management to
take the opportunity to exploit it more
 And also, it will take away the risk and uncertainty involved with the managerial
decision making
Component of MIS in accounts
MIS has no standard format as it depends on what the management wants to see at that
point. The following were the common reports in Management Information System
Cost Report:
In the Cost Report, MIS will classify the Cost as 
 Direct Cost
 Indirect Cost
 Variable Cost
 Fixed Cost
Variance Reports:
In Variance Reports, MIS will show us the difference between Ideation and the actual result.
Profitability Factors and Value drivers Report:
In the Profitability Factors and Value drivers Report, MIS will tell the management what
happened with the key factors in their business-like sales quantity, sales price, cost per unit,
and profit per unit, etc.

Finance:
Management Systems in Finance has been adopted by both Governments as well as the
corporation. It provides an information system with the capacity to maintain large data

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bases. This will help the company to store organize and access the financial information
easily. It is primarily used for accounting operations and the generation of financial reports.
It is also used to support budget planning and decision-making processes.

Components of MIS in Finance

General Ledger
 MIS will automatically update all the transactions in General Ledger which is the core
component of all financial information systems.
 The financial transaction is simultaneously posted on various accounts that
compromise the Chart of Accounts
So, these things will help the company to maintain an accurate and permanent record of all
historical transactions which will reduce the error.
Cash Management
The most important use of MIS in Finance is Cash Flow Management. Cash Flow
Management refers to monitoring, forecasting, and controlling of Cash for financing needs.
 Using MIS in Finance helps the companies to track the cash flow through accounts
receivables and accounts payables accurately
 Accurate records will help in COGS monitoring which can help in pinpoint the areas
that eat the cash flow
Budget Planning
 MIS in finance helps the company to evaluate the “What if” scenarios.
 By modifying the Financial ratio, management can foresee the various effects based
on the different scenarios on financial statements.
 MIS serves as a decision-making tool that will help in choosing appropriate financial
goals.
Infrastructure as a Service (IAAS)
 Cloud will provide the IAAS which will reduce the deploying testing costs and running
applications on in-house resources.
 It will also offer super high-level computing and processing capabilities like running
the credit risk simulations.
 Cloud allows the firms to make financial decisions faster, and also streamlining the
operations which can have a positive influence on profitability.

Human Resource Management system

In this section, we can discuss the solutions that the company can achieve by deploying
cloud-based HR system.

Real-time and precise assessments

HR has numerous functions. But one of the most critical ones is that of assessing employee
performance. Usually, HR in a company without HRIS or any cloud software takes more time
to gather data related to the employee which takes more time. But when a company

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deploys cloud HR software, employee performance can be tracked in real-time. With the
advancement in machine learning and data analysis and HR with a help of cloud software
has access to built-In dashboards that tracks the performance of employees in real-time and
also indicates employees who need the training to work efficiently in a matter of hours.

Increase in Employee engagement

Mobile technology and Big data are clear cut advantages to the cloud HR systems to engage
employees. For example, let’s take the Ceridian Dayforce HCM tool. Now it's just a matter of
minutes for HR to send a survey to the employees to collect feedback. This helps the HR to
get the data immediately and analyze it. New cloud HR systems can also manage employee
payroll. Through the effective engagement of employees’ companies can achieve a high
level of satisfaction, business agility, and profitability. These cloud HR systems such as
Oracle HCM cloud or let's say Trinet also helps to humanize the workplace through
engagement and also helps to reduce the attrition rate which helps to retain employee’s
long term.

Full-time access to Pay and Benefits Information

This benefits employee of the company a lot because a cloud HR software will allow an
employee to access information related to their pay and benefits anytime. Now the
employee will have the information easily and he could see how much of his pay go to taxes,
how much he gets, and a host of other information. Usually, the HR systems installed in a
company takes more space and do not have the bandwidth to access the data immediately.
But in the case of Cloud HR software, the employees can access it 24/7. It also makes
employees' life easy as they could change the settings related to their pay and benefit. The
employees can change their health insurance or for instance, set up direct deposit directly
without any help from the professional which also reduces the workload of the HR
professional.

Easy upgradation, enhanced security, and great predictive analytics

By deploying cloud HR software, startups can have a level playing field equal to big
corporates. For instance, the up gradation of the traditional HR system deployed in the
company incurs more cost to the company. So, HR systems were only deployed by large
corporates. But now through the Cloud HR system, up-gradation has become a lot easier
and at a very less cost. Now the startups need not invest in the up gradation of technology
continually. Also, security has been taken seriously by the cloud HR software companies and
they have all the mechanisms deployed to safeguard sensitive data. Security maintenance
burden is on the software provider and not on the company which reduces the cost related
to maintenance and reduces the workload of the company.
In a company, HR is often worried about the sudden dip in employee performance due to
dissatisfaction in the company. But what if the employee does not feel comfortable and
takes a drastic decision to leave the company? With AI in HR systems now the HR can track
the employee’s performance and can notice if there is a sudden dip in the employee’s
performance and can directly deal with him and solve the issues which mitigate the risk of
losing the employee. This helps in reducing the attrition rate and helps in improving the
long-term retention of valuable employees.

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Decision Support System
A research, which was conducted at the Carnegie Institute of Technology, on the theory of
organizational decision making. This work basically recognized that while human instinct
and gut feel was often resulting in good decisions, there was a lot of instances where these
decisions were wrong. Researchers developed a concept of using information and systems
to analyse data and produce concise executive decisions.

Decision support system is also abbreviated as DSS, and it is basically a computer program
application, which analyses various business figures like sales projected revenue figures
consequences of different decision alternatives and experience in a context. It can present
information graphically and includes an expert system. The main aim is to increase business
sales and have better decision making.

Objectives of DSS in Kriate Consultants

 Technology and information systems have evolved a lot and due to which this
approach has expanded to include the use of sophisticated software's and different
models.
 Allowing users to evaluate the various scenarios in decision making process.
 Giving the users a platform to assess which alternative is the best for the
organization, which will give the best returns.
 It can be employed in various knowledge domains organizations, and it can be used
as a real time data reporting platform.

Three Basic Components of DSS

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  Model Management System -basically stores models that managers can use in
decision making processes.
 User Interface- It contains various techniques and tools which can make the process
of accessing the system easily and conveniently.
 Knowledge Base- Includes information from various sources like transaction process
system newspapers, magazines and online databases, they can be divided into
internal sources and external sources. Internal sources are basically inside the
organization and external sources are from outside the organization.

Expert System in MIS

An expert system is the highest form of automation that allows document communication
and manipulation. It goes beyond and lets experts of a particular field teach computers
about their field so that fewer expert decision-makers can support the decision-making
process. The system can help in human information handling tasks such as decision-making,
problem-solving, diagnosis, and learning. The employees even under lack of supervision or
immediate expert advice can solve the issue at hand with the help of an expert system and
deliver quality service in a timely fashion.

Expert System Components

The key components of the Expert System are as follows,

User Interface
The graphical computerized system between end-user and the computer for easy
communication. It is also called a Graphical User Interface (GUI).

Interference Engine
This component is the brain of the expert system as it regains and determines the data
process. It performs these tasks to deduce new facts that are used to draw further
conclusions.

Knowledge Base
The component holds and stores the expert’s knowledge of problem-solving. It contains the
rules, facts, and descriptions, etc. The knowledge base is frequently updated with the
newest expert system products.

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Data Acquisition Subsystem
Knowledge acquisition is a continuous improvement process. The information acquisition
software is used to build, incorporate, or modify the base of knowledge. Potential
knowledge sources include human experts, research reports, textbooks, databases, and user
experience.

Cloud Providers
Vendor Storage Services Database Services Backup Services
AWS 1. Simple 1. Aurora 1. Glacier
Storage 2. RDS
Services(S3) 3. Dynamo DB
2. Elastic Block 4. Elastic Cache
Storage (EBS) 5. Redshift
3. Elastic File
System (EFS)
4. Snowball
5. Storage
Gateway
Microsoft Azure 1. Blob Storage 1. SQL Database 1. Archive
2. Queue 2. MySQL Storage
Storage Database 2. Backup
3. File Storage 3. PostgreSQL 3. Site Recovery
4. Disk Storage Database
5. Data Lake 4. Cosmos DB
Store 5. Table Storage
Google 1. Cloud Storage 1. Cloud SQL 1. None
2. Persistent Disk 2. Cloud Bigtable
3. Transfer 3. Cloud Spanner
Appliance 4. Cloud
4. Transfer Datastore
Service

Cloud Migration
Modernizing the mission-critical applications and moving the organization to cloud
infrastructure is costly, time-consuming, difficult, and requires domain experts. Many IT
companies have struggled or had unsuccessful trials before moving to the cloud. The
following 10 steps are to be followed for maximizing the chances of successful cloud
migration.
1) Establish the migration-architecture role

The migration architect is responsible for planning and implementing all aspects of the
migration, which works at the architect level position. The core responsibility is to design a
data migration strategy, to define cloud-solution requirements, and determining migration
priorities and production switch over mechanisms. The migration architect that helps in

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many decisions and technical plans during the migration procedure is necessary and
improves the success rate significantly.
2) Choose the level of cloud integration

There are two levels of integration on the cloud,

Shallow Cloud Integration
This level of integration is also known as lift and shift as the on-premises applications are
moved to the cloud and require no or limited changes to the servers that run the
application.
Deep Cloud Integration
The applications are modified during the migration process to take advantage of key cloud
capabilities. It might also require use of cloud-specific data stores such as Amazon S3 or
DynamoDB.
3) Choose single or multi-cloud
One needs to decide whether create a single cloud provider and migrate the application
such that it operates only in that environment or run-on multiple cloud providers.
Having single cloud provider could negatively impact the ability to negotiate pricing and
SLAs with the cloud provider. There are other different methods for using multiple cloud
providers:

One application in one cloud and another application in different cloud

Run one set of applications in one cloud provider and another set in a different cloud. Since
we are using multiple providers, we have the flexibility to decide where to put application in
the future.

Split the application across multiple cloud providers

Run some part of application in one cloud provider and other parts of it in another. This
method facilitates to utilize key advantages each provider offers.

Build the application to be cloud agnostic

The application is designed to run on any cloud provider. We can run the application
simultaneously on multiple providers or split the load across them. This method gives
flexibility in vendor negotiations since we can easily shift loads between the cloud providers.

4) Establish Cloud KPIs

Key Performance Indicators are metrics that are defined for the application to measure its
performance against the expectations. The best KPIs show how in-progress migration is
performing, while helps identifying visible or invisible problem and determining the success
of migration.
5) Establish performance Baselines
Baselining is the process of measuring the current performance (pre-migration) of the
application in order to determine its future (post-migration) performance is desirable.
Baseline metrics are set for each KPI to measure.

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6) Prioritize migration components
Decide if the entire application is to be migrated at once or component by component or
service by service. The connection between services is to be determined for problem free
migration.
7) Perform any necessary refactoring
Application is to be reworked before migrating them such that it works as effectively and
efficiently in the cloud. For example, refactor the application:

 Such that the application runs with multiple instances to allow dynamic scaling.
 So that the resources can be dynamically allocate or de-allocate when needed.
8) Create a data-migration plan
Data migration is the difficult part of the cloud migration procedure. The location of the data
affects the performance of the application significantly. Options for data migration are as
follows,

 Using a bi-directional syncing mechanism between cloud database and on-premises

data storage.

 Use the on-premises database with one-way synchronization to cloud database and
allow end-users to connect only to the on-premises version. Disable the on-premises
database once migration is complete.

 Use cloud data migration services provided by Amazon web services or Microsoft
Azure.
9) Switch over production
The issues in production system could impact end-users and the services provided by the
application. Two methods to switch the production system from on-premises to cloud
infrastructure,
Do all at once
Switch traffic to cloud-only when the whole application is migrated to the cloud and
validated.
Do little bit at a time
Move few customers over to the cloud, test the features of the application and move few
more and so on until all the issues are sorted.
10) Review application resource allocation

After migrating everything to the cloud, there are other factors to consider such as resource
optimization. Make sure there is a plan to distribute the resources to the application. The
resource is available virtually from the vendor and on-demand. Such that the application can
be scaled to meet demand.

Conclusion
As we know, cloud computing recently is the topic of discussion in every firm and many
firms are looking to adopt cloud computing. It is the most recent technological development,

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which has a lot of potential and can have a great impact on the world, and businesses, which
drive the world. It has many benefits that it provides both to the users, and the businesses.
For example, reducing operating costs, spending less on maintenance and software upgrades,
focusing more on the business itself, making the decisions easier. Due to its scalability, it can
be employed in many businesses, whether it is a small, or a large business.

It is not really all good for the cloud computing like any other technological process. There
are some challenges, which are also included with the cloud computing that must be
overcome. People are very sceptical about the data, whether it is shared somewhere, or the
data is secure or private. There are no standards or regulations worldwide that can be
accounted on data shared or stored in cloud computing. So, there should be some regulations
and standards which should be kept in place for cloud computing to be a success.

Europe has data protection laws, but the US being one of the most technologically advanced
nation, still does not have any such laws. Users are also worried about disclosing their data
and have ownership of their data. If there are standards of integration worldwide, the cloud
computing will revolutionize the future. It is one of the most important and critical approach,
which can be utilized by a number of corporates all around the world.

Cloud computing gives rise to a possible business model for cloud computing providers in
which there is always a transparency of service, and the security of the information.
In fact, there is a feature of cloud computing infrastructure that is an argument which explains
that cloud computing data and infrastructure is protected by security specialists. So, the data
security is not really compromised in cloud computing. There are specific professionals who
actually work for only the security of the data.

The cloud is already a reality for many companies out there, but many companies are still
migrating on to the cloud structure for small and medium sized companies, the migration
makes a lot of sense. and in the cloud. Being able to reduce costs, and they also increase the
efficiency opportunity and access to technologies.

Further, cloud computing adoption is on rise and it is going up every year. And it doesn't take
long to see why enterprises and corporates recognize cloud computing benefits, and they
know that they will impact their collaboration, security, revenue and production. By using a
cloud-based solution an enterprise can prevent a lot of problems related to decision making,
managing data and connecting people remotely. If there is cloud computing incorporated, all
these problems can be taken into account, and can be solved easily.

Hence, the Kriate Consultants can adopt cloud infrastructure to facilitate their process across
all departments of the organization.

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