MATHEMATICS 10 QUARTER 1 Week 2

Competencies:
• The learner determines the arithmetic means, nth term of an arithmetic sequence and sum of
the terms of a given arithmetic sequence. (M10AL-Ib-1)

Expectations
After going through this module, you are expected to demonstrate knowledge and skills related to
arithmetic sequences. Specifically, you should be able to:
a. Determine the nth term of a given arithmetic sequence;
b. define an arithmetic mean;
c. Find the arithmetic mean between the terms of an arithmetic sequence;
d. describe an arithmetic series;
e. Determine the sum of the first n terms of an arithmetic sequence and;
f. Confidently solve different problems involving arithmetic sequence, arithmetic mean, and
arithmetic series.

Pre - test

Read each item carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer. Use an extra sheet of paper for
your solutions, if needed.
1. If 𝑎1 , 𝑎2 , … , 𝑎10 is an arithmetic sequence such that 𝑎1 = −5 and 𝑑 = 7, which of the following
correctly calculates 𝑎10 ?
a. 𝑎10 = −5 + (7 − 1)(10) c. 𝑎10 = 7 + (5 − 1)(10)
b. 𝑎10 = −5 + (10 − 1)(7) d. 𝑎10 = 10 + (5 − 1)(7)
2. What is the arithmetic mean between 7 and 25?
a. 15 b. 16 c. 17 d. 18
For number 3 to 5: Given an arithmetic sequence with 𝑎5 = 6 and 𝑎11 = 48,
3. What is the common difference of this sequence?
a. 5 b. 7 c. 9 d. 11
4. What is the first term of this sequence?
a. −56 b. −34 c. −29 d. −22
5. If we insert five arithmetic means between 𝑎5 and 𝑎11 , what are those numbers?
a. 11, 16, 21, 26, 31 c. 12, 18, 24, 30, 36
b. 13, 20, 27, 34, 41 d. 15, 20, 25, 30, 35
6. What is the value of a7 in an arithmetic sequence whose third term is −5 and eight term is
15?
a. 11 b. 12 c. 13 d. 14
7. What is the common difference of the arithmetic sequence 5, 9, 13, 17, 21,…?
a. 3 b. 4 c. 5 d. 6
8. What is a series?
a. a sequence of positive numbers
b. a sequence of whole numbers
c. the sum of the terms of a sequence
d. a show with many chapters

MATH 10 QUARTER 1 WEEK 2 P a g e 1|9

 9. What is the sum of the first ten terms for the sequence 3, 5, 7, 9,....?
a. 110 b. 120 c. 130 d. 140
10. What is the sum of the first 200 integers that starts with 1?
a. 5,050 b. 8,020 c. 14,000 d. 20,100

Looking Back to your Lesson

From your previous lessons, you have learned the different ideas and concepts about arithmetic
sequences. You have also learned how to illustrate an arithmetic sequence and how to determine the
nth term of an arithmetic sequence.
As a quick recap, an arithmetic sequence is a sequence of numbers such that the difference between
the consecutive terms is constant.

𝒂𝒏 = 𝒂𝟏 + (𝒏 − 𝟏)𝒅
where:
𝑎𝑛 = the last term
𝑎1 = the first term
𝑛 = the number of terms
𝑑 = the common difference

Introduction of the Topic

Lesson 1: Determining the nth term of an arithmetic sequence
Example 1. Find the 15th term of the arithmetic sequence 14, 18, 22, 26, 30, …
Solution:
Given that 𝑎1 = 14, 𝑑 = 18– 14 = 4, and 𝑛 = 15.
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 Formula for the nth term of an arithmetic sequence
𝑎15 = 14 + (15– 1)4 Substitute the known quantities
𝑎15 = 14 + (14)4 Simplify
𝑎15 = 14 + (14)4
𝑎15 = 70
Therefore, 70 is the 15th term in the arithmetic sequence.

Example 2: In the arithmetic sequence 4, 10, 16, 22, 28,…, which term is 118?
Solution:
Given: 𝑎1 = 4, 𝑑 = 6 , and 𝑎𝑛 =118.
To find: 𝑛 when 𝑎𝑛 = 118

𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 Formula for the nth term of an arithmetic sequence

118 = 4 + (𝑛 − 1)6 Substitute the known quantities
118 = 4 + 6𝑛 − 6 Apply the distributive Property
118 = 6𝑛 − 2 Combine like terms
120 = 6𝑛 Divide both sides by 6
𝑛 = 20
Thus, 118 is the 20th term in the sequence.

Example 3: Find the18th term of the arithmetic sequence which first term is 11 and which seventh
term is 59.
Solution:
Find the common difference, d, by substituting 𝑎1 = 11 and 𝑎7 = 59 into formula
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
𝑎7 = 𝑎1 + (7– 1)𝑑
59 = 11 + (7– 1)𝑑 Replace a7 with 59 and a1 with 11
59 = 11 + 6𝑑 Simplify
59 – 11 = 6𝑑 Subtract 11 from both sides.
48 = 6𝑑 divide both sides by 6.
𝑑=8 common difference

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 Find 𝑎18 by substituting 𝑎1 = 11 and 𝑑 = 8 in 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑.
𝑎18 = 11 + (18 – 1)8
= 11 + 136
= 147
Therefore, 147 is the 18th term in the arithmetic sequence.

Activities

Activity 1.1
Solve for the following:
1. Find the 10th term in the sequence 2, 3, 4,…
2. Find the 20th term of the arithmetic progression 17,13,9,…
3. Find t20 if t1 = 6 and d = 15.
4. If a1 = 5, a7 = 17, and n = 7, find the common difference.
5. The 15th term of an arithmetic progression is 45. If the common difference is 3, find the
first term.

Lesson 2: Arithmetic Mean

Arithmetic Mean Defined
The Arithmetic Mean is the term of the arithmetic sequence that is between two given terms.
Example: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 the arithmetic means are 4, 6, and 8.
Example: 7, 13, 19 the arithmetic mean is 13

𝑎+𝑏
The arithmetic mean between two numbers a and b is defined to be
2
In general, we can insert arithmetic means in an arithmetic sequence by doing the following:
1. Label the terms of the sequence, if necessary. It is easier if you can have a picture of what the
sequence looks like.
2. Mark the givens. This is where your labels become useful. The first term (𝑎1 ), last term (𝑎𝑛 ),
and the number of terms (𝑛) are the usual givens. If this is not the case, make the first
appearing number to be your 𝑎1 and adjust the number of terms accordingly.
3. Compute for the common difference 𝑑.
4. Add the common difference to the first term, and then to the next term thereafter until you
reach the last term.
5. The numbers between 𝑎1 and 𝑎𝑛 are the arithmetic means.
Illustrative Examples
1. What is the arithmetic mean between 60 and 80?
Solution:
𝑎+𝑏 60+80
=
2
140
2 Average is
= 2 the synonym
= 𝟕𝟎 of arithmetic
Alternative solution: mean.
Arithmetic mean between 60 and 80
Consider we have a1, a2, a3
𝑎1 = 60 (first term) 𝑎3 = 80 (third term)
Use the arithmetic sequence formula to find the common difference (𝑑).
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
80 = 60 + (3 − 1)𝑑 Replace the values
80 = 60 + 2𝑑 Simplify a2 = 𝑎1 + d 2nd term
80 − 60 = 2𝑑 Subtract 60 to both sides = 60 + 10 Substitute values
20 2𝑑
2
= 2
Divide by 2 = 70 arithmetic mean
10 = d Common difference

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2. Insert four arithmetic means between 7 and 47.
Solution:
The problem simply means we put four numbers between 7 and 47 so that the six numbers will form
an arithmetic sequence. First is we label the terms of the sequence.
7, ___, ___, ___, ___, 47
a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6

In this case, you will use the formula of the arithmetic sequence.
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
Given: 47 = 7 + (6– 1)𝑑 Substitute the known values
𝑎6 = 47 47 = 7 + 5𝑑 Simplify
𝑎1 = 7 47 − 7 = 5𝑑 Subtract 7 from both sides
𝑛=6 40 = 5𝑑 Divide both sides by 5
40 5𝑑
𝑑 =?
5
= 5
Simplify
8=d Common difference

To find the 4 arithmetic means between 7 and 47, you need to add the common difference to
the first term and so on.

2nd term 3rd term 4th term 5th term

a2 = a1 + d a3 = a2 + d a4 = a4 + d a5 = a4 + d
a2 = 7 + 8 a3 = 15 + 8 a4 = 23 + 8 a5 = 31+ 8
a2 = 15 a3 = 23 a4 = 31 a5 = 39
The sequence is 7, 15, 23, 31, 39, 47
Therefore, the arithmetic means are 15, 23, 31, and 39.

3. If the 3rd term of the arithmetic sequence is 1 and the 9th term is -17. Write the first nine terms of
this sequence.
Solution:
We first write the sequence described in the problem.
___, ___, 1, ___, ___, ___, ___, ___, -17
Next is we label the terms. Note that 𝑎1 is not given so we will use the first appearing number
to be our 𝑎1 and adjust the number of terms accordingly.
___, ___, 1, ___, ___, ___, ___, ___, -17
a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7
Now, we have we will 𝑎1 = 1 and 𝑎7 = −17. Next, we determine the common difference.

Given: 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
an = -17 −17 = 1 + (7 – 1) 𝑑 Substitute the known values
−17 = 1 + 6𝑑 Simplify
a1 = 1 −17 − 1 = 6𝑑 Subtract 1 to both sides
n=7 −18 = 6𝑑 Divide both sides by 6
−18 6𝑑
d=? 6
= 6
Simplify
d = −𝟑
• To find the first two terms, we simply subtract the common difference which is −3 from 1.
• To find the remaining terms, we simply add the common difference which is – 3 to 1 and so
on.
Therefore, the first nine terms of the arithmetic sequence are 7, 4, 1, -2, -5, -8, -11, -14, -17.

TIP: We can derive the formula for the finding the common difference from 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑.
You can find the common difference by using the formula
𝑎𝑛 − 𝑎1
𝑑=
𝑛−1

MATH 10 QUARTER 1 WEEK 2 P a g e 4|9

 Activities
Activity 2.1
Solve the following:
1. What is the arithmetic mean between 8 and 24?
2. Find the arithmetic mean between 9 and 49.
3. Insert 5 arithmetic means between 6 and 30.
4. Insert 8 arithmetic means between 3 and 93.
5. Write the first four terms of an arithmetic sequence if the 5th term is 20 and the
12th term is 48.

Lesson 3: Arithmetic Series

Can you find the sum of the first 100 positive integers? That is,
1 + 2 + 3+. . . +98 + 99 + 100 =?

Arithmetic Series Defined

An Arithmetic Series is the sum of the terms of a given Arithmetic Sequence.
We can solve for the sum by using the formula:
𝑛
Formula 1: 𝑆𝑛 = 2
[2𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑]
𝑛
Formula 2: 𝑆𝑛 = 2
(𝑎1 + 𝑎𝑛 ) Carl Gauss at
where: the age of 7,
𝑆𝑛 = 𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑛 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠 found the sum
𝑎1 = 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 of the terms in
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑛𝑡ℎ 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 a sequence 1,
d = common difference 2, 3, ... 99, 100.

• If 𝑎1 , 𝑛, and 𝑑 are given, Formula 1 is more convenient to use.

• If the 𝑎1 and 𝑎𝑛 are given, we can use Formula 2 instead.

Example 1: Find the sum of the first twenty terms of the arithmetic sequence 18, 23, 28, 33, 38, ...
Solution:
From problem we can extract the following information: 𝑎1 = 18, 𝑑 = 5, 𝑛 = 20
We can use Formula 1.
𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = 2 [2𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑]
20
𝑆20 = [2(18) + (20– 1)5] Substitute all the known values
2
= 10[36 + (19)5] Simplify
= 10[36 + 95]
= 𝟏𝟎 (𝟏𝟑𝟏)
= 𝟏, 𝟑𝟏𝟎
Therefore, the sum of the first twenty terms of the sequence 18, 23, 28, 33, 38, ... is 1,310.

Alternatively, we can use the Formula 2. But before we can utilize it, we need to first find 𝑎20 .
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
𝑎20 = 18 + (20 − 1)5 Substitute the known values
= 18 + (19)5 Simplify
= 18 + 95
= 113
Solve for S20:
Given: a1 = 18, an = 113
𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = (𝑎1 + 𝑎𝑛 )
2
20
𝑆20 = (18 + 113)
2
= 𝟏𝟑𝟏𝟎

Example 2: In the arithmetic sequence −3, 4, 11, 18, … find the sum of the first 26 terms.
Solution:
Given:
a1 = -3, d = 7, n = 26
Using Formula 1:

MATH 10 QUARTER 1 WEEK 2 P a g e 5|9

 𝑛
S26 = 2 [2a1 + (n – 1) d
26
S26 = 2 [2(−3) + (26 − 1)(7)] Substitute the known values
S26 = 13(−6 + 175) Simplify
S26 = 13 (169)
S26 = 2197

Example 3: Find the sum of all even integers between 1 and 101.
Solution:
Given: a1 = 2 is the first even integer in the set, n = 50, d = 2
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + (𝑛 – 1)𝑑
𝑎50 = 2 + (50– 1)2
= 2 + (49)2
= 2 + 98
𝑎50 = 100
Then:
50
Sn = 2 (a1 + an)
S50 = 25 (2 + 100)
S50 = 25 (102) = 2550

Note: you can use Formula 1 for an easier computation.

Example 4: A room has 10 rows of seats. The first row contains 10 seats,
the second row contains 12 seats, the third row contains 14 seats, and so
on. How many seats are there in the last row? How many seats are there in
the room?
Solution:
a. Given: 𝑛 = 10, 𝑎1 = 10, 𝑎2 = 12, 𝑎3 = 14, and 𝑑 = 2
Formula: 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
𝑎20 = 10 + (10 − 1)2 Substitute the known values.
𝑎20 = 10 + (9)2 Simplify
𝑎20 = 10 + 18
𝑎20 = 28
Thus, there are 28 seats in the last row.

b. Find the sum of 10, 12, 14, … ,28.

using Formula 2:
𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = 2 [𝑎1 + 𝑎𝑛 ]
10
𝑆10 = [10 + 28] Substitute the known values
2
𝑺𝟏𝟎 = 𝟓(𝟑𝟖) = 𝟏𝟗𝟎 Simplify
Therefore, there are 190 seats in the room.

Example 5: Part of a popular Christmas carol is the line, “ On the 12th day of Christmas may
true love gave to me…
12 drummers drumming 6 geese a lying
11 pipers piping 5 golden rings
10 lords a leaping 4 calling birds
9 ladies dancing 3 French hens
8 maids a milking 2 turtle doves, and
7 swans a swimming a partridge in a pear tree.”
How many gifts were given on the 12th day of Christmas?
Solution: Find the sum: 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5+ . . . +12.
𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = [𝑎1 + 𝑎𝑛 ]
2
12
𝑆12 = 2 [1 + 12]
𝑆12 = 6(13) = 78 gifts

Thus, the true love gave 78 gifts on the 12th day of Christmas.

Another solution:
𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = [2𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑]
2
12
𝑆12 = 2 [2(1) + (12 − 1)1]
= 6[2 + (11)1]
= 𝟔(𝟐 + 𝟏𝟏) = 𝟔(𝟏𝟑) = 𝟕𝟖 𝐠𝐢𝐟𝐭𝐬

MATH 10 QUARTER 1 WEEK 2 P a g e 6|9

 Activities
Activity 3
Solve the following:
1. Find the sum of the 9 terms of the series 7, 14, 21, ...
2. Find the sum of the arithmetic series with the given values as indicated:
a1= 8, d= 2, n= 8
3. Find the sum of the even integers from 1 to 50.
4. Find the sum of the odd integers between 30 and 60.
5. Find the sum of the multiples of 5 from 20 to 70.

Remember

• The Arithmetic Mean is the term of the arithmetic sequence that is between two given terms.
• In general, we can insert arithmetic means in an arithmetic sequence by doing the following:
1. Label the terms of the sequence, if necessary. It is easier if you can have a picture of what
the sequence looks like.
2. Mark the givens. This is where your labels become useful. The first term (𝑎1 ), last term (𝑎𝑛 ),
and the number of terms (𝑛) are the usual givens. If this is not the case, make the first
appearing number to be your 𝑎1 and adjust the number of terms accordingly.
3. Compute for the common difference 𝑑.
4. Add the common difference to the first term, and then to the next term thereafter until you
reach the last term.
5. The numbers between 𝑎1 and 𝑎𝑛 are the arithmetic means
• An Arithmetic Series is the sum of the terms of a given Arithmetic Sequence.
• We can solve for the sum by using the following formulas:
𝑛
Formula 1: 𝑆𝑛 = [2𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑]
2
𝑛
Formula 2: 𝑆𝑛 = (𝑎1 + 𝑎𝑛 )
2

Check your Understanding

Given the first term and the common difference of an arithmetic sequence find the term
identified in the problem.
1. 𝑎1 = 14 , 𝑑 = 200
Find 𝑎38
2. 𝑎1 = 39 , 𝑑 = −5
Find 𝑎24
3. 𝑎1 = −9 , 𝑑 = −10
Find 𝑎32
I. Given two terms of an arithmetic sequence find the term identified in the problem.
1. 𝑎13 = 233 , 𝑎35 = 673
Find 𝑎21
2. 𝑎10 = 68 , 𝑎34 = 212
Find 𝑎30

II. Evaluate the related series of each sequence.

1. −6, 0, 6, 12, … ; 𝑆24
2. −15, −13, −11, −9, … ; 𝑆52

MATH 10 QUARTER 1 WEEK 2 P a g e 7|9

 Reflection

Post - test

Read each item carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer. Use an extra sheet of paper for
your solutions, if needed.
1. If 𝑎1 , 𝑎2 , … , 𝑎10 is an arithmetic sequence such that 𝑎1 = −5 and 𝑑 = 7, which of the following
correctly calculates 𝑎10 ?
a. 𝑎10 = −5 + (7 − 1)(10) c. 𝑎10 = 7 + (5 − 1)(10)
b. 𝑎10 = −5 + (10 − 1)(7) d. 𝑎10 = 10 + (5 − 1)(7)
2. What is the arithmetic mean between 7 and 25?
a. 15 b. 16 c. 17 d. 18
For number 3 to 5: Given an arithmetic sequence with 𝑎5 = 6 and 𝑎11 = 48,
3. What is the common difference of this sequence?
a. 5 b. 7 c. 9 d. 11
4. What is the first term of this sequence?
a. −56 b. −34 c. −29 d. −22
5. If we insert five arithmetic means between 𝑎5 and 𝑎11 , what are those numbers?
a. 11, 16, 21, 26, 31 c. 12, 18, 24, 30, 36
b. 13, 20, 27, 34, 41 d. 15, 20, 25, 30, 35
6. What is the value of a7 in an arithmetic sequence whose third term is −5 and eight term is
15?
a. 11 b. 12 c. 13 d. 14
7. What is the common difference of the arithmetic sequence 5, 9, 13, 17, 21,…?
a. 3 b. 4 c. 5 d. 6
8. What is a series?
a. a sequence of positive numbers
b. a sequence of whole numbers
c. the sum of the terms of a sequence
d. a show with many chapters
9. What is the sum of the first ten terms for the sequence 3, 5, 7, 9,....?
a. 110 b. 120 c. 130 d. 140
10. What is the sum of the first 200 integers that starts with 1?
a. 5,050 b. 8,020 c. 14,000 d. 20,100

MATH 10 QUARTER 1 WEEK 2 P a g e 8|9

 MATHEMATICS 10
Quarter 1 Week 2
ANSWER SHEET

Name: Math Teacher:

Section: Score:

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