NAME: Elmer Macasling

EXERCISES:

I. THE RIZAL LAW

INSTRUCTIONS:

Using a graphic organizer (timeline, chart, etc.) discuss/present the different issues raised for the

against RA 1425 specially focusing on the statements of the proponents of and opponents to the

bill.

opposed by the Roman Catholic Church in the

Philippines due to the anti-clerical themes in Noli
Me Tángere and El Filibusterismo
argued that the novels belonged to the past
and that teaching them would misrepresent
current conditions

Opposed by the
Roman Catholic
Fr. Jesus Cavanna

Issue Againts R.A 1425

An act to include in the

curricula of all public and
private schools, colleges and
Catholic Church
universities courses on the
urged its
Life Works and Writings of campaign adherents to
Jose Rizal to oppose write to their
the Rizal congressmen
bill and senators
1955 Senate election
the church charged Recto with being a showing their
opposition to the
communist and an anti-Catholic.
bill
 II. RESOLVING A DISPUTE

INSTRUCTIONS:

With the different conceptualizations of nationalism in the mind, research on a dispute that is

currently happening between countries (Philippines between other countries). Illustrate your

answers on your paper in and outline platform of the following:

1. What the dispute is all about?

2. What led to the dispute?
3. What the government officials from the disputing countries are doing to address the problem?
4. How the concept and sense of nationalism is observed in the different measure to address the

dispute?

put the military potential

The Philippine claims to The both of a base at
The Scarborough sovereignty over the features Scarborough into
known as Scarborough government has perspective, Shugart
Shoal standoff Shoal and the
refers to tensions KIG are independent of its decide to divide the posted an image of
archipelagic status both legally the reef alongside an
between China and historically.
island into two,
image of the island of
(PRC) and the Because Scarborough Shoal which are the West Manhattan, showing
is a feature which
Philippines exists above high tide, Philippine Sea and that Scarborough is
it is capable of [sovereign] more than twice as
appropriation under international South China Sea
law
large.
III. 19TH CENTURY WOES

INSTRUCTIONS:

Discuss the following contribution to the growth of Filipino nationalism and decline of the Spanish

rule. Answer in a Paragraph Form

1. Opening of the Suez Canal?

Answer: The opening of the Suez Canal gave major contribution on the growth of the Filipino
nationalism and decline of the Spanish Rule for the Suez Canal's has the shortest trade link between
Europe and countries on the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Through this the majority of the world's goods are
transported via sea, the Suez Canal greatly reduces the time and cost of transporting goods.

2. Cavite Mutiny and the GomBurZa martyrdom?

Answer: This event was an essential part in the Philippine history because it sparked the start of the
resistance against the authority for Philippine Independence in 1898. During the Spanish colonization, tax
reforms were implemented that required the soldiers to serve the army and pay taxes. Many things
happened after to combat the unfair treatment. This was also the time when the three priests were
executed Gomburza by the Spaniards. The 1872 said event gave inspiration to fight for Philippine
independence. The "El Filibusterismo' of Jose Rizal was a related work pertaining to GOMBURZA.

3. Abuses and immoralities of the friars?

Answer: Abuses among the Filipinos took place. The issue about the friar lands became one of the
reasons for the outbreak of the Philippine Revolution. Majority of the lands, especially in the Tagalog
region, were owned by the friars. Foreclosure of mortgages and outright land grabbing were frequent.
Abuses made by the friars among his constituents were observable. The secularization of the parishes also
became an issue since the regulars won’t give up their parishes to the Filipino seculars

4. Racial discrimination?

Answer: When our lands were colonized by the Spaniards, we were never “Filipinos.” The Spaniards
were basically racists. They justified their expansionist aggression by reasoning that the people they
conquered were inferior. The Spaniards called the natives indio or Juan Tamad meaning
lazy,irresponsible and hippie.

EXERCISES:
I. UNDERSTANDING THE HISTORY OF CHINESE MESTIZO

INSTRUCTION: Answer the following question comprehensively.

1. What conditions led to the emergence of Chinese mestizos as important members of the

Philippines. (5 sentences)

Answer: The condition that led Chinese mestizo as an important member of the Philippines is the trading,
soon after the Spaniards arrived, the Chinese moved into an important economic position. Chinese
merchants carried on a rich trade between Manila and the China coast and distributed the imports from
China into the area of Central Luzon, to the immediate north of Manila. Chinese established themselves at
or near Spanish settlements, serving them in various ways

1. What were the implications of the Chinese mestizos in Philippine society? (5 sentences)

Answer: The implication of the Chinese mestizo in the Philippines is that the Chinese mestizos were an
important element of Philippine society in the 19th century. They played a significant role in the
formation of the Filipino middle class, in the agitation for reforms, in the 1898 revolution, and in the
formation of what is now known as the Filipino nationality. The chinese mestizo also have a great
implication only in terms of education but also in philippine economy

II. RIZAL’S LOVE FOR LANGUAGE

INSTRUCTIONS: Read the poem TO MY FELLOW YOUTH. Write a reflection paper

on how the youth today shows confidence and interest in using their mother tongue. Do the

youth still value the language they were brought up with? 300 words.

REFLECTION

“He who does not love his own language is worse than an animal and smelly fish”

As I’ve listen to the poem of our national hero, Dr. Jose Rizal pointed 3 things in the poem that
he was written, first is that he wants us to love our mother tongue because according to him, it is a gift
that comes from heaven and it identifies our identity as a nation. Second is that through our love for our
mother tongue we could be united and to help each other through peacefulness. Third is that he urges
every Filipino to have a spirit patriotism, to stand for our right and to fight and stand for the things that
we owned and for us. He then say in his poem that language is not only for communication but also for
the symbol of our identity not just only an individual but a nation who is united together, united through
love, care and a dispute for independence. As what I have observed in our generation, we don’t really put
an importance to our mother tongue, we are bombarded with the language of the other country’s for most
of the youth nowadays are loving the Korean language more than their own, and It’s not good because
they just wasted the sacrifices of our national hero. For us Filipino, we’re corrupted with our colonial
mentality and we lose our interest and confidence to our mother tongue.

Therefore, as the future of our nation, we must love our mother tongue because it identifies our
identity as a person, and most importantly as a Filipino and we must be proud of it for our national hero
Dr. Jose Rizal has put to each one of us that we could be united with love though the “tagalog” our
mother tounge

III. ESSAY WRITING

INSTRUCTIONS: Write a 500-word essay on your view on the history of friar lands and the

conflict between the landlords and tenants in Hacienda de Calamba. Use the following

questions as your guide.

1. What is the broader history of the friar lands?

2. Why did Hacienda de Calamba become a site of agitation in the late 19th century?

500 Words Essay

The three orders of the friars, Dominicans, Augustinians and Recoletos controlled most of these
lands

The issue about the friar lands became one of the reasons for the outbreak of the Philippine
Revolution. Majority of the lands, especially in the Tagalog region, were owned by the friars. Foreclosure
of mortgages and outright land grabbing were frequent. As the friars become powerful, abuses among the
Filipinos took place and abuses made by the friars among his constituents flock were observable. Friars
owned or it was held by the religious orders a thousand of hectares of the land in the archipelago and they
held these lands for centuries.

The financial impact of these possessions was inconvenient because of the restrictive rents which
were requested for them. The secularization of the parishes also became an issue since the regulars won’t
give up their parishes to the Filipino seculars. These abuses made by the friars are well depicted in Rizal’s
Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, Del Pilar’s La Soberania Monacal en Filipinas and Lopez-Jaenas’
Fray Botod. These lands are not public lands but private and patrimonial lands of the government.
Hacienda de Calamba became a site of agitation in the late 1990s.

It was all started by the findings of Rizal on the land ownership of the friars. It was shocking that
there was only a little land owned by the friars, but their possession of the remaining land was unlawful.
Tenant can be evicted for failing to pay rent.Landlord must repair hazardous conditions on
property.Tenant can be evicted for a breach of lease. Landlord can only withhold security deposit for
certain reasons. Evicting a “Squatter” or uninvited houseguest. Serious disruption on property, that
interferes with Tenant’s enjoyment of property.

Hacienda de Calamba, together with the Makati and Nagtajan were known as the haciendas of the
Jesuit Province. These were under the direct charge of the Father Provincial. Other Jesuit estates were
managed by the Jesuit Colleges of San Ignacio, San Jose and San Ildefonso. These tenant farmers were
provided with credit for seed, tools, living quarters, and food. They received agreed shares of the value of
the crop less the charges. Only the inquilinos were registered in the books of the hacienda, the
sharecroppers were not mentioned in the official census.

All tenants defaulted in their annual rents. While the rent increased, the price of sugar was so low.
To punish the tenants for their lack of punctuality, the administrator declared all the lands of the hacienda
vacant. He also invited citizens of other towns to take over all the lands. Frightened, some tenants paid
their obligations with the distressed sale of their sugar. Others ignored the administrator altogether.

Therefore, these land owners not only controlled these lands, but acted as political authorities in
these areas. The friars even had racial discrimination over the native Philippines. As the issue of land
titles, the presentation of the same was deemed unnecessary. The appellee himself, acknowledged the
existence of tenancy. Peasants in this territory that is now Calamba expressed their discontent in the
Spanish colony. This dispute also involved the Rizal family that had respect at the time.

EXERCISES:
I. THE VALUE OF EDUCATION

INSTRUCTIONS:

Write a 500-word personal reflection on the value and significance of education in the

success of a person in the modern world. Keep in mind Jose Rizal’s undying comment to

education in writing your reflection.

500-Words Personal Reflection

Education shapes individuals. Education therefore shapes the society of those

individuals.

Education plays a very important role in our lives. Everyone has been being educated
since the day they were born. There is a rapidly growing demand for a higher education in the
world today.

Those who come up with education systems and curricula do so according to what they
believe education needs to do for an individual. If the purpose of education is to help a human to
earn a livelihood usually by getting a job, and the more one earns the ‘better’ the job they’re
doing then the education system becomes, by design, career-oriented.

Most of our education systems are designed with this view. This is how we have been
trained us to measure the value of knowledge by its potential to advance our careers, our place in
the world, or, in some form, our position on the totem pole. You can see clearly this utilitarian
view in the way many of us questioned Kiswahili “How will it help me?”. Or of vectors and
algebra, in mathematics. The question is valid. If vectors or algebra or Swahili won’t help you
get ahead in the quest for financial stability, then what’s its use? We worked at it to pass our
exams, which themselves were meant to funnel few into the small bottle of jobs. And so
competition. The good life is for the very smart or the very shrewd or the very smart and shrewd.
Cutthroat.

This utilitarian view of knowledge and life has, in my opinion, impoverished our very
humanity. Not just our society. When things are no longer appreciated for their goodness, their
truthfulness and their beauty and instead their usefulness, then lying is more virtuous than truth
because it gets you ahead. A bribe is better than the integrity because it earns me bread. You
begin to see how bad education engrains bad theology. (We can talk later about doubt has thrived
easily in the children of this education system, because God, as an objective center of life,
challenges our deeply self-centric epistemology. He doesn’t make sense!) This hasn’t always
been the case.
 There are other ways to educate children. They can be trained to think and live in a way
that sees a life well lived as something more, even other, than a life lavishly lived. A way that
trains the child to know that little gained honestly is better than much gained dishonestly. A way
that doesn’t see one’s flourishing independently of its neighbors’. A way that orders the child’s
affections this way, so that they do not admire the dishonest salesman who has gold in his pocket
but poison under his tongue. A phrase from one of the Greek fathers, Augustine, understood
education as ordo amor, ‘the ordering of the affections’. CS Lewis’ excellent essay, “The
Abolition of Man” explores this theme of the relationship between education and virtue much
better than these ramblings.

Indeed, a higher education you are insured that you will have a better paying job. I like
being able to spend money freely and a higher education allows you to get the better paying job
that will provide stability

II. TRAVEL JOURNAL

INSTRUCTIONS:
When Rizal left the country for Spain, he meets many people and visit many places. In each of

his stopovers (as listed below), identify the persons whom he met in the place he visited.

1. Singapore 6. Barcelona, Spain 11. Bavaria, Germany

2. Colombo, Sri Lanka 7. Paris, France 12. Geneva, Switzerland

3. Egypt 8. Berlin, Germany 13. Milan, Italy

4. Naples, Italy 9. Prague, Czech Republic

5. Marseilles, France 10. Vienna, Austria

ANSWER:

1. Singapore- Donato Lecha the ship captain from Asturias. Spain befriended Rizal. - Rizal
described him as an affable man, “much more refined than his other countrymen and
colleagues that I have met. “ • Rizal played chess with his fellow passengers who were
much older that he • May 8, 1882 – while the streamer was approaching Singapore, Rizal
was a beautiful island, fascinated by its scenic beauty, he remember “Talim Island with the
Susong Dalaga”
2. Colombo, Sri Lanka- Colombo is the capital of Ceylon in Sri Lanka .Rizal was enamored
by Colombo because of its scenic beauty and elegant buildings •“Colombo is more
beautiful, smart and elegant than Singapore, Point Galle and Manila”
3. Egypt- In route through Suez Canal, Rizal got off at the Red Sea terminal and was
impressed by the impressive moonlight scenery in Suez and was engrossed with the
multicultural people and language of the place.
4. Naples, Italy- He visited Turin, Milan, Venice and Florence.On June 27, 1887, he reached
Rome, the “Eternal City” or the “City of Caesars”.
5. Marseilles, France- Rizal arrived early in the morning and boarded at the Noalles Hotel 15
June 1882 He left for Barcelona in an express train.
6. Barcelona, Spain- Rizal’s first impression of Barcelona was unfavorable; he found out that
the people were open-hearted, hospitable, and courageous. The Filipinos in Barcelona, some
of whom even his schoolmates on the Ateneo, welcome Rizal.
7. Paris, France- His first summer vacation to Paris, France, June 17 to August 20, 1883 and
he live at cheap hotel on 124 Rue de Rennes in Latin Quarter. Like all tourist, Rizal was
amazed on the beautiful sceneries of Paris. Rizal is an unordinary tourist because he was
observing the life and culture of French; he was spending time on museums
8. Berlin, Germany- He visited Paris &Germany to specialize in ophthalmology.He still
hasn't forgotten about his "secret mission". He stopped over at Barcelona, on his way to
Paris, to visit his friend Maximo Viola. He met friends in Germany.He met Dr. Feodor
Jagor author of Travels in the Philippines, a book that Rizal admired because of its keen
observances in the Philippine setting.With the help of Maximo Viola, who gave him the
necessary funds topublish the novel, Noli Me Tangere was published.During the printing of
 the Noli, the chief of police Berlin paid a sudden visit to Rizal’s boarding house. The chief
asked for Rizal’s passport
9. Prague, Czech Republic- They went to Dr. Willkomm, professor of natural history in
University of Prague. They visited:Tomb of Copernicus Museum of Natural
HistoryBacteriological Laboratories Cave of San Juan Nepomoceno
10. Vienna, Austria- On May 20, they arrived in the “Queen of the Danube”.He met
Norfenfals, great novelist in Europe. He admired Rizal.Rizal received his lost diamond
stickpin.They stayed in Hotel Metropole.
11. Bavaria, Germany- the Philippine Embassy in Bavaria launched an illustrated map called,
“Rizal in Germany,” The map retraces Rizal's journey through the country from February
1886 to May 1887.
12. Geneva, Switzerland- They crossed foggy Leman Lake to Geneva.One of most beautiful
cities in the world.June 19, 1877, Rizal’s 26th birthday.They spent 15 days in Geneva.On
June 23, they parted ways: Viola returned toBarcelona and Rizal went to Italy Milan, Italy
13. Milan, Italy- Rizal visited Italy for three days during his travels in Europe. He arrived on
June 27, 1887 and went to the Capitoline, Tarpeian Rock, Palatine, Roman Forum,
Colosseo, Capitoline Museum, and the Basilica of St. Mary Major.

III. RESPONDING RIZAL’S LETTER

INSTRUCTIONS:
Research and read Rizal’s famous letter to the women of Malolos who stood for their right to

learn the Spanish language amidst objection from friars. Situate yourself back in time and

imagine you are one of these women. Write a response letter addressed to him

ANSWER ON THE NEXT PAGE

December 30, 2020

Dr.Jose Rizal
Philippine National Hero
Bagumbayan, Luneta Park

Dear Dr. Jose P. Rizal,

Over 100 years have passed since these words were written, and yet the challenge to us, the Filipino
young women, is as relevant as ever. As young women on the quest of discovering who we are and who
we are meant to be, the role of nation building has been firmly placed in our hands. Mentors from
generations before have done their part in shaping the nation and are grooming us, the Filipino young
women, to be the next change agents.

I will keep in mind that the rejection of the spiritual authority of the friars not all of the priests in the
country that time embodied the true spirit of Christ and His Church. Most of them were corrupted by
worldly desires and used worldly methods to effect change and force discipline among the peopel

If you were alive today surely you would also be active in social media. You would have opened a twitter
account where many would add you as following and like every post/saying you would write in your
status update. Unlike the youth of today, you would use your twitter account to bring awareness on what
is happening to our nation. For sure, most of the time you would post status update against corrupt
politicians we have now.

You would have made a blog site where you would openly write articles on what is happening not only to
our nation but the world as a whole. . And maybe if leaders of our nation would read your blog they
would be ashamed of what they are doing now to our nation. And maybe once and for all graft and
corruptions will stop.

Thank you for the wisdom that you give to us here in Malolos, we would promise to obey the words that
you’ve said and preserve our self and respect ourselves as a Filipino women.

Respectfully Yours,

ELMER R. MACASLING

EXERCISES:

I. BEHIND THE PAINTING, PAINT ME A PICTURE

INSTRUCTIONS:

Juan Luna’s The Blood Compact (1885) is a depiction of the blood compact that transpired between

Datu Sikatuna of Bohol and Captain General Miguel Lopez de Legazpi of Spain.

1. Note at least three significant observations you can find in this master piece.

Answer:

 It depicts the cruelty of the friar

 It determines the Spanish soulder who were the traitor
 It signifies the group of people having an assembly

2. From your observations, what are the intentions of Luna in making the painting. Give 3
reasons.
 In my observation, Luna is giving an information about the cruelty of the Spaniards
because he wanted to achieve independence
 In think, Luna wants to have peace talk between the colonizer because he wants peace
 In my own observation, Luna reveals the insidious attitude of the Spaniards
3. Write your own interpretation of the meaning of the painting. Essay 150 words.

Answer: It is an allegorical depiction of two man together, one a representation of Spain and the other of
the Philippines. The painting, also known as España Guiando a Filipinas Spain Leading the Philippines, is
regarded as one of the “enduring pieces of legacy” that the Filipinos inherited from Luna. He painted
literary and historical scenes, some with an underscore of political commentary. His allegorical works
were inspired with classical balance, and often showed figures in theatrical poses. painting that lent itself
to the patriotic needs of the Filipinos and on which Rizal and others projected a nationalistic symbolism
that helped rouse the Filipinos to rise up against the political oppression of their Spanish colonizers. No
doubt that the painting commands attention and gives off a majestic aura. It is the largest painting in the
Philippines so far. Any viewer of the painting will feel dwarfed by the large painting and may feel
overwhelmed by the magnanimity of it.

II. DIFFERING VIEWS OF THE PRE-CONQUEST PART

INSTRUCTIONS: Complete the table provided.

Pigafetta Morga Morga

People Antonio Pigafetta was a Venetian Dr. Antonio de Morga, held the
scholar and explorer offices of lawyer and soldier in
the services of the Spanish
colonial administration in the
Philippines
Customs and culture Doing some rituals  very resilient.
Beliefs and religion Roman Catholic Roman Catholic
Society and government Chronicling Magellan's Italian chronicler of the
circumnavigation Magellan expedition 
Remarkable practices narrative and cartographic record New Spain and Peru, where he
of the journey was president of the Real
Audiencia for 20 years. He was
also a historian

EXERCISES:

I. TRAVEL BACK IN TIME

INSTRUCTIONS:

The La Solidaridad served as the venue for the Filipino propagandists to voice out their concerns against

the Spanish colonial rule. Imagine that you can travel back in time and visualize yourself as part of the

La Solidaridad. Submit an essay/article to the newspaper defending Filipinos from the accusation that

they are indolent.

II. RIZALISTA VS. PILARISTA

INSTRUCTIONS:

Compare and contrast the two propagandists. Complete the table provided and answer the question What

are the implications of the Rizal-Del Pilar rivalry to the formation of Rizal’s nationalistic ideologies?

Answer: Rizalista religious movements refers to the new religious movement and a form of Folk
Catholicism adopted by a number of ethnic religious groups in the Philippines that believe in the divinity
of Jose Rizal, the Philippines' de facto national hero. Many of these sects or religious movements believe
that Rizal is still living and that he will deliver his followers from oppression and poverty. Rizalist groups
have differing views on the divinity of Jose Rizal. Some believe that he is God himself, some believe that
Rizal was the second son of God, the reincarnation of Christ. Some of these groups also identify Rizal as
the god of the pre-Spanish Malay religion.Some only see as Rizal as a spiritual guide.Leaders of the sect
often claim that key people in the Philippine Revolution including Rizal himself were reincarnation of the
Virgin Mary. Many of these groups claim that the only key to salvation is by joining their group while
Piralista is complexity of human nature that some teachers find difficult to explain. With the exception of
the rivalry between the two Cavite factions of the Katipunan (Magdalo vs. Magdiwang), or the overblown
but poorly explained conflict between Emilio Aguinaldo and Andres Bonifacio, or between Aguinaldo
and Antonio Luna, all the characters in the story of the nation are selfless and only thought of the
country’s interests. In order to make sense of the way we in the present deal with elections—local or
national—we have to go back and confront the ghosts of the past.

Rizal Del Pilar - Marcelo Hilario del Pilar y Gatmaitán (August 30, 1850 – July 4, 1896), commonly
known as Marcelo H. del Pilar and also known by his pen name Plaridel,

Background - Filipino writer, lawyer, journalist, and freemason. Del Pilar, along with José Rizal and
Graciano López Jaena, became known as the leaders of the Reform Movement in Spain.Del Pilar was
born and brought up in Bulakan, Bulacan. He was suspended at the University of Santo Tomas and
imprisoned in 1869 after he and the parish priest quarreled over exorbitant baptismal fees

Major works - For his 150 essays and 66 editorials mostly published in La Solidaridad and various anti-
friar pamphlets, del Pilar is widely regarded as the "Father of Philippine Journalism." Samahang Plaridel,
an organization of veteran journalists and communicators, was founded in October 2003 to honor del
Pilar's ideals.

Propaganda style - As a firebrand, Del Pilar operated with blasphemous humor to wage war on the
friars. With his use of the Tagalog language instead of Spanish (Rizal used Spanish), his propaganda in
the Philippines became a double-edged sword: a castigation of the friars which agitated them, and a call
to action among Filipinos.

Nationalistic ideology - Del Pilar was one of the co-publisher and founder of La Solidaridad (The
Solidarity), which helped crystallize nationalist sentiments and ignite libertarian ideas. He tried to marshal
the nationalist sentiment of the enlightened Filipino ilustrados, against the Spanish imperialism.
III. COMPARATIVE EXERCISE

INSTRUCTIONS:

Compare and contrast the characters, plot, and theme of the Noli and El Fili. You may watch the video

Tauhan ng El Filibusterismo (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fAGTKyixoSg)

Using 250 words, explain your answer on this question

Answer:

The second and last novel completed by José Rizal (though he left behind the unfinished
manuscript of a third one), El Filibusterismo is a sequel to Noli Me Tangere. A dark, brooding, at times
satirical novel of revenge, unfulfilled love, and tragedy, the Fili (as it is popularly referred to) still has as
its protagonist Juan Crisóstomo Ibarra. Thirteen years older, his idealism and youthful dreams shattered,
and taking advantage of the belief that he died at the end of Noli Me Tangere, he is disguised as Simoun,
an enormously wealthy and mysterious jeweler who has gained the confidence of the colony’s governor-
general. A number of other characters from the Noli reappear, among them: Basilio, whose mother and
younger brother Crispin met tragic ends; Father Salví, the devious former curate of San Diego responsible
for Crispin’s death, and who had lusted after Ibarra’s love, María Clara; the idealistic schoolmaster from
San Diego; Captain Tiago, the wealthy widower and legal father of María Clara; and Doña Victorina de
Espadaña and her Spanish husband, the faux doctor Tiburcio, now hiding from her with the indio priest
Father Florentino at his remote parish on the Pacific coast. Where Ibarra had argued eloquently against
violence to reform Manila society, Simoun is eager to foment it in order to get his revenge: against Father
Salví, and against the Spanish colonial state. He hopes to liberate the love of his life, María Clara, from
her suffocating life as a cloistered nun, and the islands from the tyranny of Spain. El filibusterismo
(transl. The filibusterism; The Subversive or The Subversion, as in the Locsín English translation, are also
possible translations), also known by its alternative English title The Reign of Greed,[1] is the second
novel written by Philippine national hero José Rizal. It is the sequel to Noli Me Tángere and, like the first
book, was written in Spanish. It was first published in 1891 in Ghent.The novel centers on the Noli-El fili
duology's main character Crisóstomo Ibarra, now returning for vengeance as "Simoun". The novel's dark
theme departs dramatically from the previous novel's hopeful and romantic atmosphere, signifying
Ibarra's resort to solving his country's issues through violent means, after his previous attempt in
reforming the country's system made no effect and seemed impossible with the corrupt attitude of the
Spaniards toward the Filipinos.The novel, along with its predecessor, was banned in some parts of the
Philippines as a result of their portrayals of the Spanish government's abuses and corruption. These
novels, along with Rizal's involvement in organizations that aimed to address and reform the Spanish
system and its issues, led to Rizal's exile to Dapitan and eventual execution. Both the novel and its
predecessor, along with Rizal's last poem, are now considered Rizal's literary masterpieces.Both of Rizal's
novels had a profound effect on Philippine society in terms of views about national identity, the Catholic
faith and its influence on the Filipino's choice, and the government's issues in corruption, abuse of power,
and discrimination, and on a larger scale, the issues related to the effect of colonization on people's lives
and the cause for independence. These novels later on indirectly became the inspiration to start the
Philippine Revolution.Throughout the Philippines, the reading of both the novel and its predecessor is
now mandatory for high school students throughout the archipelago, although it is now read using
English, Filipino, and the Philippines' regional languages.
EXERCISES:

I. JOSE RIZAL BY PROFESSION

INSTRUCTIONS:

Watch the film Rizal sa Dapitan (1997). afterwards, identify the five different professions that

Rizal practice while in exile. Explain how Rizal carried out these professions.

Profession: Rizal as a teacher

Description: Rizal dreamed of founding a school with Blumetritt as school director so that he could
focus in studying science and in writing history.[vi] In Talisay, he built a school and taught local children
(16 high school level boys in 1896), as well as children entrusted to him by his kins (elementary level),
how to catch insects, gather shells, dive for rare fish, speak and write languages like Spanish, English,
French and German, as well as “practical lessons in botany and zoology,” physical fitness and martial
arts. As a teacher, Rizal developed his own practical teaching method, learning aids and learning
management.In another letter to his friend on 15 January 1895, he said “My life now is quiet, peaceful,
retired and without glory, but I think it is useful too. I teach here the poor but intelligent boys reading,
Spanish, English, mathematics, and geometry; moreover I teach them to behave like men. I taught the
men here how to get a better way of earning their living and they think I am right. We have begun and
success crowned our trials.”Josephine Bracken, his partner, supervised the school when Rizal was away.
In a letter to his mother on 12 March 1896, Rizal intimated: “She bathes them, and washes and mends
their clothes, so that, poor girl, she is never at rest, but she does it willingly for she has a great love for the
boys, and they love her more than they love me!”

Profession: Rizal as a farmer

Description: Rizal’s farm had fruit trees (mangoes, lanzone, guayabanos, baluno, nanka, etc.), rabbits,
dogs, cats, chickens, rice, corn, ferns and flowers like roses and sampaguita. In another letter to his
mother, Rizal said:“My land has 6,000 abaca plants. If you want to come here, I shall build a house where
we can all live together until we die…My land is beautiful; it is in the interior, far from the sea, about a
half-hour’s walk; it is in a very picturesque place. The land is very fertile. In addition to the abaca
plantation there is land for planting two cavanes [150 liters] of corn. Little by little we can buy the
remaining lands near mine. There are plenty of dalag [mudfish], pakò [ferns] and little round stones.
When Rizal found out that that the local fisherfolk used an inefficient fishing technique, he looked for
ways to address this problem. This can be gleaned from his letter to Hildalgo on 19 January 1893:“Here I
have formed a partnership with a Spaniard to supply the town with fish of which it lacks. In Dapitan alone
there are six thousand inhabitants and in the interior some two or three thousands more and for so many
people there is nothing but small sakag that catches little fish of the size of the talaisá. Aquilino told me
that with one pukútan [net] alone like yours, the whole town could be supplied with fish, because here
there is a good beach and fish abound a little distance away from the shore. If you wish to sell me your
pukútan at an agreed price, and if it is still in good condition, I would buy it. If not, I would appreciate it
if you would buy me a pukútan in the same condition, good, strong, etc. Here nobody knows how to
weave the mesh of a net. Rizal also formed the Sociedad de Agricultores Dapitanos in 1895 to
“improve/promote agricultural products, obtain better profits for them, provide capital for the purchase of
these goods, and help to the extent possible the harvesters and labourers by means of a store (co-op)
where articles of basic necessity are sold at moderate prices

Profession: Rizal as Surgeon

Description: Rizal’s fame as an exiled surgeon began seven days after his arrival in Dapitan and while
he was staying in the house of the governor and military commandant. This was made possible by an
incident that occurred during a celebration of the town’s fiesta on 24 July 1892. A local resident was hurt
by a firecracker that exploded in his hands. He squirmed in pain, but the local folks could not help him.
An unknown Rizal came into the picture and treated his first patient. In a few months, the townfolk would
call him “Dr. Rizal” and “greeted him with more reverence than they did the comandante and the parish
priest. On 15 January 1895, Rizal wrote to Blumentritt that he was “overwhelmed with patients” who
were “so numerous that I have to turn away some for not being able to attend to them.” He operated on
“three or five patients a week. Many are poor but some pay.” In the same letter, he also told his friend
about a good news: “I got operated my dear Mother of cataract. Thank God she is perfectly well now and
can write and read with easy.”As a surgeon, Rizal offered free services to the local people, but charged
the visitors based on their capacity to pay. From his earnings, he helped the town by building a hospital,
donating funds for public lighting, etc. But he was conscious of the difficulty he was facing as a
physician. In his letter to Jose Basa on 18 December 1894, he said:“This town of Dapitan is very good.
I’m in good terms with everyone. I live peacefully, but the town is very poor, very poor. Life in it is not
unpleasant to me because it is isolated and lonesome; but I am sorry to see so many twisted things and not
be able to remedy them, for there is no money or means to buy instruments and medicine. Here a man fell
from a coconut tree and perhaps I could have saved him if I had instruments and chloroform on hand. I
perform operations with the little that I have. I treat lameless and hernias with reeds and canes. I do the
funniest cures with the means available. I cannot order anything, for the patients cannot pay; at times I
even give medicine gratis

Profession: Rizal as an Engineer

Description: Dike of stone, brick and mortar.On 15 January 1895, Rizal wrote to Blumentritt that he was
“going to build a water-tank on my land. I have 14 boys whom I teach languages, mathematics, and how
to work, and as we have no work I have decided to construct a dike of stone, brick, and mortar so that
they may learn.” On 20 November of the same year, he wrote that he “made a wooden machine for
making bricks” and that he could “make at least 6,000 a day”. He eventually built an oven for the
bricks.Relief Map of Midanao in front of St. James Church,Outside his land, Rizal helped the town by
developing its first park, with street lamps and a garden/flower relief map of the whole island of
Mindanao. With support of the local authorities and the residents, he constructed

Profession: Rizal as learner

Description: Rizal believed in the power of education and its power to change things and provide
solutions. As a teacher, he had very effective techniques. He made the locality a source of learning in the
various subjects. Together with his students, he explored the physical environment, learning together with
them.

II. REFLECTION PAPER

INSTRUCTIONS:

The controversy on the retraction letter that Rizal allegedly wrote regarding his statements

against the Catholic Church and Spanish rule has not been resolved yet.

Did Rizal retract? Using 500 words, explain your answer on this question.

RETRACTION OF RIZAL

For years, the Filipino race glorified respect for Jose Rizal because of his sacrifices as a citizen,
his beliefs as an honest propagandist, and all his talents that have been appreciated because of their
effectiveness in the process of gaining equal rights as a united nation. However, his reputation as an
unwavering bayani has been doubted due to lingering issues that contradict the very core reason why we
Filipinos learned to gratify his efforts, his existence in our history. The issue of Jose Rizals so-called
retraction has been around since both Manila and Spanish newspapers published claiming his retraction
right after his execution.

In some sources, they state that Rizal’s alleged retraction did not actually happen. These sources
say that the friars who visited him within twenty four hours prior his execution convinced him to confess
the sins they accused him of committing. The Jesuits, on the other hand, were with him practically every
minute of the time, six priests going in relays, usually two at a time, in an attempt to bring about Rizal’s
conversion. The main motive, of which, is to make Rizal admit his errors against religion and retract
them. If the friars of the future could state with authority that Rizal’s expressed views on the friars were
not what he really believed, it would cast an element of doubt over everything he had written, making
people hesitate to believe it. At least seven Jesuits visited Rizal at various times during the course of the
day.”

But Rizal stood his ground and even refused to mark his signature onto the notification given to
him declaring the statement of his execution. In spite of his conviction, he eventually submitted and
signed for his death sentence. He was ordered by the judge to sign the notification of sentence as required
by law. He refused to sign and was resigned to do so.”
 In this issue of Rizal’s alleged retraction incident, the previously mentioned indicates the belief of
Rizal not committing such declaration of withdrawal and confession. While the other stands for the
contradicting, that of which claims Rizal of actually signing a statement of his retraction. There are
sources indicating that there are proofs of Rizal not actually retracting. An example of such is his burial.
He was not buried within a Catholic cemetery and was listed as a suicide case, a neglected body along
with the heaps of cadaver with unknown causes of death.

If he did retract and admonished Masonry, then the Church, claiming his retraction and his
reconciliation with the religion, would have had the decency of giving him a proper Catholic burial and
declare his death under the list of Catholics, to acknowledge the confession the friars claimed they
witnessed Rizal committed. The alleged retraction papers also only were revealed about thirty years after
Rizal’s death. A matter of concern was uprooted when two statements of the declaration were recognized,
both of which had a great deal of differences. Some claim that one of these was fabricated, and some
claim that the “original” copy aged and rotted in the grasp of the Spanish Catholic friars. What they saw
was a copy done by one who could imitate Rizal’s handwriting while the original.There are also those
who strongly believe that Rizal could not have had any reason to retract, arguing that Rizal was a noble
man who would not stoop so low as to follow those whom he initially was writing against. Such a
believer is Gumersindo Garcia, Sr., M.D., stating. I find it inconceivable that a man of his character with
such devotion and patriotism to his country and, moreover, willingness to die for her would break down
in a moment and write the alleged retraction for no other reason than to abjure masonry and return to the
Roman Catholic Church for fear of the damnation of his soul in case he did not do it. In my humble
opinion, Rizal was a sincerely religious man who knew what he believed in and could not be cowed by
threat of eternal damnation from anybody. Besides, he could remain a mason and a Catholic at the same
time just as many masons in the Philippines…”

I myself would want to believe that Rizal had not retracted. Since it is still a boiling issue for over
far too many years now, this just exemplifies the ambiguity of the information accumulated regarding this
issue. If Rizal did retract, his pedestal as this country’s national hero can stumble and Filipinos can lose
touch with the roots of their blood, with the thinking that our hero in actuality may have been a coward a
liar, or any adjective that can tarnish his image of idealistic nature. We may not entirely understand
Rizal’s complex personality, but our country can at least look back and appreciate the hardships our
forefathers went through so that we, the children of this country can be treated as human beings with
justice and equal rights. All we have to do now is to simply follow in their conviction and to not let their
efforts be put to waste.
III. READING REPORT

INSTRUCTIONS:

Read the assigned reading and complete the statements below:

http://seap.einaudi.cornell.edu/sites/seap.einaudi.cornell.edu/files/1999f_2.pdf

1. The three things that I significantly learned from the reading are vocabulary,patience and imagination
The best way to learn a language is to read its literature.I loved English right from the school days. And I
loved poetry too. Reading novels from worldwide talented authors helped me in improving my vocab. I
not only learnt about new words but also came across different synonyms that can make any content more
appreciable. Now whenever I read something new, I jot it down in my journal for future references.
Learning 5–6 words a day can make a huge difference in your writing and communication skills. I learn
the art of patience from our good old friends. Quite often, when we watch a thriller, we are so intimidated
by the scenes that it makes us eager to know what will happen next. It is not the case with books. When I
read, I take my time to understand every word and the fact written. I can think of countless possibilities
while reading a particular text or a script from a scene. It enhances my creativity. Reading builds up your
imagination. Specially, when you read fantastical novels, your brain gets wired to think about characters
and stories that lie beyond this world. Books even improve your pronunciation and reading skills.

2. The three things that are still unclear to me are If people around me are true and trustworthy.If the
person I once loved still loves me. I also wonder why friars are cruel during Spanish colonization

3. I used to think that If I read I will learn more things, improves brain connectivity.Increases my
vocabulary and comprehension. Empowers you to empathize with other people.Aids in sleep readiness
and reduces stress. Lowers blood pressure and heart rate and fights depression symptoms and also
prevents cognitive decline.

4. The three questions that I want to ask about the reading are

 How many books have you read in your life?

 Is there a time in your life when you read all the time?
 How many hours do you spend reading in a week?